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4 ><TITLE
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5 >Assembler Directives</TITLE
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28 ><DIV
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29 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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30 ><TABLE
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31 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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32 WIDTH="100%"
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35 CELLSPACING="0"
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36 ><TR
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37 ><TH
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38 COLSPAN="3"
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39 ALIGN="center"
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40 >LW Tool Chain</TH
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41 ></TR
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42 ><TR
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43 ><TD
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44 WIDTH="10%"
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45 ALIGN="left"
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46 VALIGN="bottom"
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47 ><A
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48 HREF="x137.html"
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49 ACCESSKEY="P"
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50 >Prev</A
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51 ></TD
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52 ><TD
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53 WIDTH="80%"
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54 ALIGN="center"
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55 VALIGN="bottom"
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56 >Chapter 3. LWASM</TD
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57 ><TD
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58 WIDTH="10%"
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59 ALIGN="right"
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60 VALIGN="bottom"
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61 ><A
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62 HREF="x339.html"
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63 ACCESSKEY="N"
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64 >Next</A
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65 ></TD
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66 ></TR
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67 ></TABLE
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68 ><HR
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69 ALIGN="LEFT"
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70 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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71 ><DIV
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72 CLASS="SECTION"
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73 ><H1
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74 CLASS="SECTION"
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75 ><A
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76 NAME="AEN144"
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77 >3.6. Assembler Directives</A
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78 ></H1
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79 ><P
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80 >Various directives can be used to control the behaviour of the
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81 assembler or to include non-code/data in the resulting output. Those directives
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82 that are not described in detail in other sections of this document are
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83 described below.</P
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84 ><DIV
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85 CLASS="SECTION"
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86 ><H2
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87 CLASS="SECTION"
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88 ><A
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89 NAME="AEN147"
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90 >3.6.1. Data Directives</A
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91 ></H2
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92 ><P
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93 ></P
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94 ><DIV
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95 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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96 ><DL
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97 ><DT
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98 >FCB <CODE
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99 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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100 >expr[,...]</CODE
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101 ></DT
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102 ><DD
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103 ><P
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104 >Include one or more constant bytes (separated by commas) in the output.</P
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105 ></DD
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106 ><DT
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107 >FDB <CODE
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108 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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109 >expr[,...]</CODE
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110 ></DT
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111 ><DD
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112 ><P
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113 >Include one or more words (separated by commas) in the output.</P
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114 ></DD
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115 ><DT
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116 >FQB <CODE
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117 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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118 >expr[,...]</CODE
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119 ></DT
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120 ><DD
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121 ><P
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122 >Include one or more double words (separated by commas) in the output.</P
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123 ></DD
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124 ><DT
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125 >FCC <CODE
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126 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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127 >string</CODE
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128 ></DT
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129 ><DD
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130 ><P
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131 >Include a string of text in the output. The first character of the operand
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132 is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and cannot appear
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133 within the string. The string is included with no modifications></P
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134 ></DD
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135 ><DT
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136 >FCN <CODE
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137 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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138 >string</CODE
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139 ></DT
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140 ><DD
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141 ><P
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142 >Include a NUL terminated string of text in the output. The first character of
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143 the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and
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144 cannot appear within the string. A NUL byte is automatically appended to
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145 the string.</P
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146 ></DD
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147 ><DT
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148 >FCS <CODE
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149 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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150 >string</CODE
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151 ></DT
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152 ><DD
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153 ><P
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154 >Include a string of text in the output with bit 7 of the final byte set. The
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155 first character of the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last
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156 character and cannot appear within the string.</P
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157 ></DD
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158 ><DT
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159 >ZMB <CODE
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160 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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161 >expr</CODE
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162 ></DT
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163 ><DD
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164 ><P
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165 >Include a number of NUL bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
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166 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.</P
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167 ></DD
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168 ><DT
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169 >ZMD <CODE
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170 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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171 >expr</CODE
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172 ></DT
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173 ><DD
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174 ><P
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175 >Include a number of zero words in the output. The number must be fully
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176 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
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177 permitted.</P
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178 ></DD
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179 ><DT
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180 >ZMQ <CODE
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181 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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182 >expr<CODE
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183 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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184 ></CODE
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185 ></CODE
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186 ></DT
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187 ><DD
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188 ><P
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189 >Include a number of zero double-words in the output. The number must be fully
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190 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
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191 permitted.</P
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192 ></DD
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193 ><DT
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194 >RMB <CODE
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195 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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196 >expr</CODE
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197 ></DT
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198 ><DD
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199 ><P
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200 >Reserve a number of bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
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201 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.
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202 The value of the bytes is undefined.</P
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203 ></DD
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204 ><DT
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205 >RMD <CODE
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206 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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207 >expr</CODE
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208 ></DT
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209 ><DD
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210 ><P
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211 >Reserve a number of words in the output. The number must be fully
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212 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
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213 permitted. The value of the words is undefined.</P
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214 ></DD
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215 ><DT
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216 >RMQ <CODE
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217 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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218 >expr</CODE
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219 ></DT
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220 ><DD
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221 ><P
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222 >Reserve a number of double-words in the output. The number must be fully
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223 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
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224 permitted. The value of the double-words is undefined.</P
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225 ></DD
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226 ></DL
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227 ></DIV
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228 ></DIV
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229 ><DIV
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230 CLASS="SECTION"
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231 ><H2
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232 CLASS="SECTION"
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233 ><A
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234 NAME="AEN211"
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235 >3.6.2. Address Definition</A
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236 ></H2
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237 ><P
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238 >The directives in this section all control the addresses of symbols
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239 or the assembly process itself.</P
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240 ><P
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241 ></P
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242 ><DIV
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243 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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244 ><DL
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245 ><DT
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246 >ORG <CODE
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247 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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248 >expr</CODE
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249 ></DT
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250 ><DD
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251 ><P
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252 >Set the assembly address. The address must be fully resolvable on the
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253 first pass so no external or forward references are permitted. ORG is not
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254 permitted within sections when outputting to object files. For the DECB
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255 target, each ORG directive after which output is generated will cause
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256 a new preamble to be output. ORG is only used to determine the addresses
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257 of symbols when the raw target is used.</P
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258 ></DD
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259 ><DT
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260 ><CODE
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261 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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262 >sym</CODE
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263 > EQU <CODE
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264 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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265 >expr</CODE
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266 >, <CODE
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267 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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268 >sym</CODE
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269 > = <CODE
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270 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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271 >expr</CODE
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272 ></DT
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273 ><DD
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274 ><P
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275 >Define the value of <CODE
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276 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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277 >sym</CODE
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278 > to be <CODE
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279 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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280 >expr</CODE
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281 >.</P
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282 ></DD
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283 ><DT
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284 ><CODE
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285 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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286 >sym</CODE
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287 > SET <CODE
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288 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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289 >expr</CODE
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290 ></DT
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291 ><DD
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292 ><P
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293 >Define the value of <CODE
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294 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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295 >sym</CODE
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296 > to be <CODE
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297 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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298 >expr</CODE
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299 >.
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300 Unlike EQU, SET permits symbols to be defined multiple times as long as SET
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301 is used for all instances. Use of the symbol before the first SET statement
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302 that sets its value is undefined.</P
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303 ></DD
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304 ><DT
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305 >SETDP <CODE
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306 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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307 >expr</CODE
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308 ></DT
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309 ><DD
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310 ><P
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311 >Inform the assembler that it can assume the DP register contains
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312 <CODE
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313 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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314 >expr</CODE
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315 >. This directive is only advice to the assembler
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316 to determine whether an address is in the direct page and has no effect
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317 on the contents of the DP register. The value must be fully resolved during
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318 the first assembly pass because it affects the sizes of subsequent instructions.</P
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319 ><P
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320 >This directive has no effect in the object file target.</P
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321 ></DD
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322 ><DT
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323 >ALIGN <CODE
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324 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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325 >expr</CODE
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326 ></DT
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327 ><DD
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328 ><P
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329 >Force the current assembly address to be a multiple of <CODE
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330 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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331 >expr</CODE
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332 >.
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333 A series of NUL bytes is output to force the alignment, if required. The
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334 alignment value must be fully resolved on the first pass because it affects
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335 the addresses of subsquent instructions.</P
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336 ><P
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337 >This directive is not suitable for inclusion in the middle of actual
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338 code. It is intended to appear where the bytes output will not be executed.</P
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339 ></DD
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340 ></DL
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341 ></DIV
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342 ></DIV
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343 ><DIV
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344 CLASS="SECTION"
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345 ><H2
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346 CLASS="SECTION"
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347 ><A
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348 NAME="AEN253"
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349 >3.6.3. Conditional Assembly</A
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350 ></H2
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351 ><P
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352 >Portions of the source code can be excluded or included based on conditions
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353 known at assembly time. Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily deeply. The
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354 directives associated with conditional assembly are described in this section.</P
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355 ><P
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356 >All conditionals must be fully bracketed. That is, every conditional
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357 statement must eventually be followed by an ENDC at the same level of nesting.</P
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358 ><P
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359 >Conditional expressions are only evaluated on the first assembly pass.
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360 It is not possible to game the assembly process by having a conditional
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361 change its value between assembly passes. Thus there is not and never will
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362 be any equivalent of IFP1 or IFP2 as provided by other assemblers.</P
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363 ><P
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364 ></P
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365 ><DIV
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366 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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367 ><DL
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368 ><DT
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369 >IFEQ <CODE
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370 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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371 >expr</CODE
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372 ></DT
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373 ><DD
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374 ><P
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375 >If <CODE
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376 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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377 >expr</CODE
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378 > evaluates to zero, the conditional
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379 will be considered true.</P
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380 ></DD
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381 ><DT
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382 >IFNE <CODE
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383 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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384 >expr</CODE
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385 >, IF <CODE
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386 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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387 >expr</CODE
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388 ></DT
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389 ><DD
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390 ><P
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391 >If <CODE
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392 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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393 >expr</CODE
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394 > evaluates to a non-zero value, the conditional
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395 will be considered true.</P
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396 ></DD
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397 ><DT
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398 >IFGT <CODE
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399 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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400 >expr</CODE
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401 ></DT
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402 ><DD
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403 ><P
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404 >If <CODE
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405 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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406 >expr</CODE
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407 > evaluates to a value greater than zero, the conditional
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408 will be considered true.</P
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409 ></DD
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410 ><DT
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411 >IFGE <CODE
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412 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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413 >expr</CODE
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414 ></DT
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415 ><DD
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416 ><P
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417 >If <CODE
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418 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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419 >expr</CODE
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420 > evaluates to a value greater than or equal to zero, the conditional
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421 will be considered true.</P
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422 ></DD
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423 ><DT
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424 >IFLT <CODE
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425 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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426 >expr</CODE
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427 ></DT
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428 ><DD
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429 ><P
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430 >If <CODE
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431 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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432 >expr</CODE
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433 > evaluates to a value less than zero, the conditional
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434 will be considered true.</P
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435 ></DD
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436 ><DT
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437 >IFLE <CODE
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438 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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439 >expr</CODE
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440 ></DT
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441 ><DD
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442 ><P
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443 >If <CODE
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444 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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445 >expr</CODE
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446 > evaluates to a value less than or equal to zero , the conditional
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447 will be considered true.</P
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448 ></DD
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449 ><DT
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450 >IFDEF <CODE
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451 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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452 >sym</CODE
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453 ></DT
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454 ><DD
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455 ><P
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456 >If <CODE
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457 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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458 >sym</CODE
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459 > is defined at this point in the assembly
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460 process, the conditional
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461 will be considered true.</P
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462 ></DD
|
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463 ><DT
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464 >IFNDEF <CODE
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465 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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466 >sym</CODE
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467 ></DT
|
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468 ><DD
|
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469 ><P
|
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|
470 >If <CODE
|
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471 CLASS="PARAMETER"
|
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|
472 >sym</CODE
|
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|
473 > is not defined at this point in the assembly
|
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474 process, the conditional
|
|
|
475 will be considered true.</P
|
|
|
476 ></DD
|
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|
477 ><DT
|
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|
478 >ELSE</DT
|
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479 ><DD
|
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480 ><P
|
|
|
481 >If the preceding conditional at the same level of nesting was false, the
|
|
|
482 statements following will be assembled. If the preceding conditional at
|
|
|
483 the same level was true, the statements following will not be assembled.
|
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484 Note that the preceding conditional might have been another ELSE statement
|
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485 although this behaviour is not guaranteed to be supported in future versions
|
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486 of LWASM.</P
|
|
|
487 ></DD
|
|
|
488 ><DT
|
|
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489 >ENDC</DT
|
|
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490 ><DD
|
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|
491 ><P
|
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492 >This directive marks the end of a conditional construct. Every conditional
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493 construct must end with an ENDC directive.</P
|
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|
494 ></DD
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495 ></DL
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|
|
496 ></DIV
|
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497 ></DIV
|
|
|
498 ><DIV
|
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499 CLASS="SECTION"
|
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500 ><H2
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501 CLASS="SECTION"
|
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502 ><A
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503 NAME="AEN317"
|
|
|
504 >3.6.4. Miscelaneous Directives</A
|
|
|
505 ></H2
|
|
|
506 ><P
|
|
|
507 >This section includes directives that do not fit into the other
|
|
|
508 categories.</P
|
|
|
509 ><P
|
|
|
510 ></P
|
|
|
511 ><DIV
|
|
|
512 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|
|
513 ><DL
|
|
|
514 ><DT
|
|
|
515 >INCLUDE <CODE
|
|
|
516 CLASS="PARAMETER"
|
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|
517 >filename</CODE
|
|
|
518 ></DT
|
|
|
519 ><DD
|
|
|
520 ><P
|
|
|
521 >Include the contents of <CODE
|
|
|
522 CLASS="PARAMETER"
|
|
|
523 >filename</CODE
|
|
|
524 > at this point in
|
|
|
525 the assembly as though it were a part of the file currently being processed.
|
|
|
526 Note that whitespace cannot appear in the name of the file.</P
|
|
|
527 ></DD
|
|
|
528 ><DT
|
|
|
529 >END <CODE
|
|
|
530 CLASS="PARAMETER"
|
|
|
531 >[expr]</CODE
|
|
|
532 ></DT
|
|
|
533 ><DD
|
|
|
534 ><P
|
|
|
535 >This directive causes the assembler to stop assembling immediately as though
|
|
|
536 it ran out of input. For the DECB target only, <CODE
|
|
|
537 CLASS="PARAMETER"
|
|
|
538 >expr</CODE
|
|
|
539 >
|
|
|
540 can be used to set the execution address of the resulting binary. For all
|
|
|
541 other targets, specifying <CODE
|
|
|
542 CLASS="PARAMETER"
|
|
|
543 >expr</CODE
|
|
|
544 > will cause an error.</P
|
|
|
545 ></DD
|
|
|
546 ><DT
|
|
|
547 >ERROR <CODE
|
|
|
548 CLASS="PARAMETER"
|
|
|
549 >string</CODE
|
|
|
550 ></DT
|
|
|
551 ><DD
|
|
|
552 ><P
|
|
|
553 >Causes a custom error message to be printed at this line. This will cause
|
|
|
554 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs
|
|
|
555 to cause assembly to fail if some condition that is known bad happens.</P
|
|
|
556 ></DD
|
|
|
557 ></DL
|
|
|
558 ></DIV
|
|
|
559 ></DIV
|
|
|
560 ></DIV
|
|
|
561 ><DIV
|
|
|
562 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
|
563 ><HR
|
|
|
564 ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
|
565 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
|
566 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|
|
567 WIDTH="100%"
|
|
|
568 BORDER="0"
|
|
|
569 CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
|
570 CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
|
571 ><TR
|
|
|
572 ><TD
|
|
|
573 WIDTH="33%"
|
|
|
574 ALIGN="left"
|
|
|
575 VALIGN="top"
|
|
|
576 ><A
|
|
|
577 HREF="x137.html"
|
|
|
578 ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
|
579 >Prev</A
|
|
|
580 ></TD
|
|
|
581 ><TD
|
|
|
582 WIDTH="34%"
|
|
|
583 ALIGN="center"
|
|
|
584 VALIGN="top"
|
|
|
585 ><A
|
|
|
586 HREF="index.html"
|
|
|
587 ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|
|
588 >Home</A
|
|
|
589 ></TD
|
|
|
590 ><TD
|
|
|
591 WIDTH="33%"
|
|
|
592 ALIGN="right"
|
|
|
593 VALIGN="top"
|
|
|
594 ><A
|
|
|
595 HREF="x339.html"
|
|
|
596 ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|
|
597 >Next</A
|
|
|
598 ></TD
|
|
|
599 ></TR
|
|
|
600 ><TR
|
|
|
601 ><TD
|
|
|
602 WIDTH="33%"
|
|
|
603 ALIGN="left"
|
|
|
604 VALIGN="top"
|
|
|
605 >Numbers and Expressions</TD
|
|
|
606 ><TD
|
|
|
607 WIDTH="34%"
|
|
|
608 ALIGN="center"
|
|
|
609 VALIGN="top"
|
|
|
610 ><A
|
|
|
611 HREF="c35.html"
|
|
|
612 ACCESSKEY="U"
|
|
|
613 >Up</A
|
|
|
614 ></TD
|
|
|
615 ><TD
|
|
|
616 WIDTH="33%"
|
|
|
617 ALIGN="right"
|
|
|
618 VALIGN="top"
|
|
|
619 >Macros</TD
|
|
|
620 ></TR
|
|
|
621 ></TABLE
|
|
|
622 ></DIV
|
|
|
623 ></BODY
|
|
|
624 ></HTML
|
|
|
625 > |
