Mercurial > hg > index.cgi
annotate docs/manual/manual.html @ 508:10f62dc61a75
Fix bad usage of sprintf()
Usage of sprintf() to append to a string in the form of
sprintf(buf, "%s...", buf...) is undefined, regardless whether it
worked on a lot of older systems. It was always a bad idea and it
now breaks on current glibc and gcc development environments.
The moral: if any of your code uses sprintf() in a way similar to
the above, fix it. It may not fail in a benign way.
author | William Astle <lost@l-w.ca> |
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date | Sun, 10 May 2020 22:38:24 -0600 |
parents | 52af0aa54fe5 |
children | 1faf14de9d04 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> |
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2 <HTML |
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3 ><HEAD |
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4 ><TITLE |
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5 >LW Tool Chain</TITLE |
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6 ><META |
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7 NAME="GENERATOR" |
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"></HEAD |
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9 ><BODY |
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10 CLASS="BOOK" |
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11 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" |
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12 TEXT="#000000" |
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13 LINK="#0000FF" |
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14 VLINK="#840084" |
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15 ALINK="#0000FF" |
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16 ><DIV |
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17 CLASS="BOOK" |
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18 ><A |
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19 NAME="AEN1" |
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20 ></A |
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21 ><DIV |
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22 CLASS="TITLEPAGE" |
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23 ><H1 |
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24 CLASS="TITLE" |
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25 ><A |
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26 NAME="AEN2" |
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27 >LW Tool Chain</A |
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28 ></H1 |
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29 ><H3 |
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30 CLASS="AUTHOR" |
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31 ><A |
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32 NAME="AEN4" |
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33 ></A |
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34 >William Astle</H3 |
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35 ><H3 |
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36 CLASS="AUTHOR" |
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37 ><A |
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38 NAME="AEN7" |
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39 ></A |
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40 >LWTools Contributors </H3 |
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41 ><P |
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42 CLASS="COPYRIGHT" |
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43 >Copyright © 2009-2015 William Astle and LWTools contributors</P |
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44 ><HR></DIV |
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45 ><DIV |
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46 CLASS="TOC" |
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47 ><DL |
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48 ><DT |
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49 ><B |
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50 >Table of Contents</B |
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51 ></DT |
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52 ><DT |
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53 >1. <A |
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54 HREF="#AEN13" |
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55 >Introduction</A |
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56 ></DT |
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57 ><DD |
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58 ><DL |
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59 ><DT |
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60 >1.1. <A |
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61 HREF="#AEN16" |
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62 >History</A |
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63 ></DT |
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64 ></DL |
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65 ></DD |
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66 ><DT |
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67 >2. <A |
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68 HREF="#AEN21" |
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69 >Output Formats</A |
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70 ></DT |
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71 ><DD |
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72 ><DL |
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73 ><DT |
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74 >2.1. <A |
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75 HREF="#AEN24" |
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76 >Raw Binaries</A |
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77 ></DT |
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78 ><DT |
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79 >2.2. <A |
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80 HREF="#AEN27" |
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81 >DECB Binaries</A |
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82 ></DT |
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83 ><DT |
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84 >2.3. <A |
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85 HREF="#AEN32" |
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86 >ASCII Hexadecimal</A |
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87 ></DT |
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88 ><DT |
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89 >2.4. <A |
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90 HREF="#AEN36" |
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91 >Motorola S-Record</A |
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92 ></DT |
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93 ><DT |
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94 >2.5. <A |
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95 HREF="#AEN41" |
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96 >Intel Hex</A |
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97 ></DT |
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98 ><DT |
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99 >2.6. <A |
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100 HREF="#AEN46" |
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101 >OS9 Modules</A |
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102 ></DT |
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103 ><DT |
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104 >2.7. <A |
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105 HREF="#AEN54" |
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106 >Object Files</A |
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107 ></DT |
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108 ></DL |
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109 ></DD |
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110 ><DT |
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111 >3. <A |
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112 HREF="#AEN62" |
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113 >LWASM</A |
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114 ></DT |
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115 ><DD |
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116 ><DL |
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117 ><DT |
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118 >3.1. <A |
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119 HREF="#AEN65" |
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120 >Command Line Options</A |
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121 ></DT |
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122 ><DT |
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123 >3.2. <A |
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124 HREF="#AEN229" |
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125 >Dialects</A |
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126 ></DT |
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127 ><DT |
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128 >3.3. <A |
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129 HREF="#AEN238" |
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130 >Source Format</A |
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131 ></DT |
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132 ><DT |
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133 >3.4. <A |
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134 HREF="#AEN248" |
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135 >Symbols</A |
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136 ></DT |
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137 ><DT |
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138 >3.5. <A |
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139 HREF="#AEN253" |
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140 >Numbers and Expressions</A |
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141 ></DT |
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142 ><DT |
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143 >3.6. <A |
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144 HREF="#AEN261" |
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145 >Assembler Directives</A |
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146 ></DT |
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147 ><DD |
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148 ><DL |
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149 ><DT |
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150 >3.6.1. <A |
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151 HREF="#AEN264" |
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152 >Data Directives</A |
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153 ></DT |
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154 ><DT |
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155 >3.6.2. <A |
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156 HREF="#AEN375" |
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157 >Address Definition</A |
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158 ></DT |
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159 ><DT |
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160 >3.6.3. <A |
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161 HREF="#AEN426" |
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162 >Conditional Assembly</A |
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163 ></DT |
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164 ><DT |
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165 >3.6.4. <A |
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166 HREF="#AEN497" |
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167 >OS9 Target Directives</A |
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168 ></DT |
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169 ><DT |
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170 >3.6.5. <A |
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171 HREF="#AEN522" |
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172 >Miscelaneous Directives</A |
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173 ></DT |
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174 ></DL |
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175 ></DD |
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176 ><DT |
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177 >3.7. <A |
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178 HREF="#AEN562" |
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179 >Macros</A |
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180 ></DT |
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181 ><DT |
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182 >3.8. <A |
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183 HREF="#AEN585" |
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184 >Structures</A |
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185 ></DT |
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186 ><DT |
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187 >3.9. <A |
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188 HREF="#AEN606" |
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189 >Object Files and Sections</A |
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190 ></DT |
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191 ><DT |
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192 >3.10. <A |
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193 HREF="#AEN670" |
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194 >Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A |
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195 ></DT |
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196 ><DT |
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197 >3.11. <A |
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198 HREF="#CONVINST" |
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199 >Convenience Instructions</A |
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200 ></DT |
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201 ><DT |
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202 >3.12. <A |
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203 HREF="#AEN821" |
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204 >Cycle Counts</A |
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205 ></DT |
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206 ></DL |
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207 ></DD |
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208 ><DT |
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209 >4. <A |
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210 HREF="#AEN827" |
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211 >LWLINK</A |
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212 ></DT |
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213 ><DD |
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214 ><DL |
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215 ><DT |
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216 >4.1. <A |
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217 HREF="#AEN830" |
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218 >Command Line Options</A |
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219 ></DT |
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220 ><DT |
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221 >4.2. <A |
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222 HREF="#AEN927" |
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223 >Linker Operation</A |
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224 ></DT |
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225 ><DT |
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226 >4.3. <A |
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227 HREF="#AEN941" |
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228 >Linking Scripts</A |
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229 ></DT |
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230 ><DT |
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231 >4.4. <A |
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232 HREF="#AEN1007" |
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233 >Format Specific Linking Notes</A |
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234 ></DT |
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235 ><DD |
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236 ><DL |
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237 ><DT |
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238 >4.4.1. <A |
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239 HREF="#AEN1010" |
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240 >OS9 Modules</A |
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241 ></DT |
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242 ></DL |
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243 ></DD |
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244 ></DL |
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245 ></DD |
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246 ><DT |
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247 >5. <A |
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248 HREF="#AEN1022" |
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249 >Libraries and LWAR</A |
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250 ></DT |
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251 ><DD |
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252 ><DL |
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253 ><DT |
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254 >5.1. <A |
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255 HREF="#AEN1026" |
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256 >Command Line Options</A |
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257 ></DT |
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258 ></DL |
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259 ></DD |
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260 ><DT |
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261 >6. <A |
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262 HREF="#OBJCHAP" |
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263 >Object Files</A |
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264 ></DT |
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265 ></DL |
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266 ></DIV |
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267 ><DIV |
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268 CLASS="LOT" |
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269 ><DL |
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270 CLASS="LOT" |
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271 ><DT |
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272 ><B |
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273 >List of Tables</B |
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274 ></DT |
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275 ><DT |
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276 >6-1. <A |
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277 HREF="#AEN1109" |
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278 >Object File Term Types</A |
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279 ></DT |
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280 ><DT |
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281 >6-2. <A |
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282 HREF="#AEN1139" |
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283 >Object File Operator Numbers</A |
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284 ></DT |
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285 ></DL |
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286 ></DIV |
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287 ><DIV |
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288 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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289 ><HR><H1 |
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290 ><A |
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291 NAME="AEN13" |
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292 ></A |
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293 >Chapter 1. Introduction</H1 |
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294 ><P |
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295 >The LW tool chain provides utilities for building binaries for MC6809 and |
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296 HD6309 CPUs. The tool chain includes a cross-assembler and a cross-linker |
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297 which support several styles of output.</P |
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298 ><DIV |
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299 CLASS="SECTION" |
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300 ><HR><H2 |
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301 CLASS="SECTION" |
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302 ><A |
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303 NAME="AEN16" |
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304 >1.1. History</A |
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305 ></H2 |
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306 ><P |
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307 >For a long time, I have had an interest in creating an operating system for |
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308 the Coco3. I finally started working on that project around the beginning of |
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309 2006. I had a number of assemblers I could choose from. Eventually, I settled |
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310 on one and started tinkering. After a while, I realized that assembler was not |
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311 going to be sufficient due to lack of macros and issues with forward references. |
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312 Then I tried another which handled forward references correctly but still did |
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313 not support macros. I looked around at other assemblers and they all lacked |
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314 one feature or another that I really wanted for creating my operating system.</P |
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315 ><P |
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316 >The solution seemed clear at that point. I am a fair programmer so I figured |
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317 I could write an assembler that would do everything I wanted an assembler to |
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318 do. Thus the LWASM probject was born. After more than two years of on and off |
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319 work, version 1.0 of LWASM was released in October of 2008.</P |
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320 ><P |
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321 >As the aforementioned operating system project progressed further, it became |
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322 clear that while assembling the whole project through a single file was doable, |
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323 it was not practical. When I found myself playing some fancy games with macros |
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324 in a bid to simulate sections, I realized I needed a means of assembling |
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325 source files separately and linking them later. This spawned a major development |
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326 effort to add an object file support to LWASM. It also spawned the LWLINK |
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327 project to provide a means to actually link the files.</P |
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328 ></DIV |
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329 ></DIV |
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330 ><DIV |
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331 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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332 ><HR><H1 |
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333 ><A |
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334 NAME="AEN21" |
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335 ></A |
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336 >Chapter 2. Output Formats</H1 |
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337 ><P |
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338 >The LW tool chain supports multiple output formats. Each format has its |
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339 advantages and disadvantages. Each format is described below.</P |
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340 ><DIV |
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341 CLASS="SECTION" |
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342 ><HR><H2 |
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343 CLASS="SECTION" |
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344 ><A |
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345 NAME="AEN24" |
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346 >2.1. Raw Binaries</A |
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347 ></H2 |
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348 ><P |
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349 >A raw binary is simply a string of bytes. There are no headers or other |
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350 niceties. Both LWLINK and LWASM support generating raw binaries. ORG directives |
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351 in the source code only serve to set the addresses that will be used for |
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352 symbols but otherwise have no direct impact on the resulting binary.</P |
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353 ></DIV |
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354 ><DIV |
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355 CLASS="SECTION" |
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356 ><HR><H2 |
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357 CLASS="SECTION" |
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358 ><A |
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359 NAME="AEN27" |
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360 >2.2. DECB Binaries</A |
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361 ></H2 |
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362 ><P |
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363 >A DECB binary is compatible with the LOADM command in Disk Extended |
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364 Color Basic on the CoCo. They are also compatible with CLOADM from Extended |
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365 Color Basic. These binaries include the load address of the binary as well |
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366 as encoding an execution address. These binaries may contain multiple loadable |
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367 sections, each of which has its own load address.</P |
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368 ><P |
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369 >Each binary starts with a preamble. Each preamble is five bytes long. The |
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370 first byte is zero. The next two bytes specify the number of bytes to load |
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371 and the last two bytes specify the address to load the bytes at. Then, a |
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372 string of bytes follows. After this string of bytes, there may be another |
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373 preamble or a postamble. A postamble is also five bytes in length. The first |
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374 byte of the postamble is $FF, the next two are zero, and the last two are |
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375 the execution address for the binary.</P |
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376 ><P |
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377 >Both LWASM and LWLINK can output this format.</P |
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378 ></DIV |
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379 ><DIV |
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380 CLASS="SECTION" |
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381 ><HR><H2 |
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382 CLASS="SECTION" |
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383 ><A |
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384 NAME="AEN32" |
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385 >2.3. ASCII Hexadecimal</A |
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386 ></H2 |
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387 ><P |
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388 >This human-readable ASCII hexadecimal format consists of CR+LF terminated |
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389 lines of ASCII text. Each line has the following structure: a zero-padded |
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390 four-digit ASCII hex address, a colon separator, and one or more zero-padded |
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391 two-digit hex values separated by commas. ASCII Hexadecimal format favors |
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392 paragraph-aligned addresses (i.e. a least significant address nybble value |
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393 of zero). During output, the number of hex values on each line are adjusted |
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394 to align the address of the next line on a paragraph boundary. The sequence |
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395 of addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal file directly follows that of the source |
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396 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence |
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397 addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal output.</P |
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398 ><P |
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399 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.</P |
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400 ></DIV |
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401 ><DIV |
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402 CLASS="SECTION" |
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403 ><HR><H2 |
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404 CLASS="SECTION" |
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405 ><A |
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406 NAME="AEN36" |
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407 >2.4. Motorola S-Record</A |
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408 ></H2 |
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409 ><P |
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410 >This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII |
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411 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character |
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412 "S", an ASCII record type digit (0-9), a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a |
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413 four-digit ASCII hex address, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data |
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414 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only S0, |
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415 S1, S5 and S9 record types. S1 records are limited to maximum of 16 data bytes |
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416 in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The address |
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417 sequence of the S-Records directly follows that of the source file; multiple |
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418 ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence addresses in |
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419 the S-Record output. </P |
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420 ><P |
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421 >Motorola S-Record format is a standard ASCII format accepted by most memory |
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422 device programming equipment. It is particularly useful when the assembled |
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423 code output is destined to reside within an EPROM or Flash memory device, |
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424 for example.</P |
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425 ><P |
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426 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10. LWLINK can output this format |
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427 since version 4.11.</P |
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428 ></DIV |
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429 ><DIV |
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430 CLASS="SECTION" |
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431 ><HR><H2 |
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432 CLASS="SECTION" |
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433 ><A |
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434 NAME="AEN41" |
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435 >2.5. Intel Hex</A |
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436 ></H2 |
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437 ><P |
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438 >This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII |
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439 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character |
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440 ":", a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a four-digit ASCII hex address, a two- |
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441 digit ASCII hex record type, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data |
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442 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only 00, |
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443 and 01 Intel Hex record types. Data records are limited to maximum of 16 |
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444 data bytes in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The |
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445 address sequence of the Intel hex records directly follows that of the source |
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446 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence |
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447 addresses in the Intel Hex output. </P |
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448 ><P |
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449 >Intel Hex format is the other standard ASCII format accepted by most memory |
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450 device programming equipment, it and the Motorola S-Record format are used for |
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451 similar purposes.</P |
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452 ><P |
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453 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.</P |
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454 ></DIV |
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455 ><DIV |
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456 CLASS="SECTION" |
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457 ><HR><H2 |
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458 CLASS="SECTION" |
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459 ><A |
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460 NAME="AEN46" |
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461 >2.6. OS9 Modules</A |
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462 ></H2 |
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463 ><P |
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464 > Since version 2.5, LWASM is able to generate OS9 modules. The syntax is |
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465 basically the same as for other assemblers. A module starts with the MOD |
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466 directive and ends with the EMOD directive. The OS9 directive is provided |
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467 as a shortcut for writing system calls. </P |
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468 ><P |
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469 > LWASM does NOT provide an OS9Defs file. You must provide your own. Also note |
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470 that the common practice of using "ifp1" around the inclusion of the OS9Defs |
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471 file is discouraged as it is pointless and can lead to unintentional |
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472 problems and phasing errors. Because LWASM reads each file exactly once, |
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473 there is no benefit to restricting the inclusion to the first assembly pass. </P |
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474 ><P |
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475 > As of version 4.5, LWASM also implements the standard data/code address |
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476 streams for OS9 modules. That means that between MOD and EMOD, any RMB, |
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477 RMD, RMQ, or equivalent directives will move the data address ahead and |
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478 leave the code address unmodified. Outside of an actual module, both the |
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479 code and data addresses are moved ahead equally. That last bit is critical |
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480 to understand because it means any directives that follow an EMOD directive |
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481 may have different results than other assemblers. </P |
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482 ><P |
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483 > Additionally, within a module body, the ORG directive sets only the data |
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484 address, not the code address. However, outside a module body, ORG sets both |
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485 addresses. </P |
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486 ><P |
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487 >Both code and data addresses are reset to 0 by the MOD directive.</P |
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488 ><P |
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489 > As of version 4.5, LWLINK also supports creation of OS9 modules. </P |
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490 ></DIV |
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491 ><DIV |
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492 CLASS="SECTION" |
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493 ><HR><H2 |
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494 CLASS="SECTION" |
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495 ><A |
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496 NAME="AEN54" |
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497 >2.7. Object Files</A |
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498 ></H2 |
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499 ><P |
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500 >LWASM supports generating a proprietary object file format which is |
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501 described in <A |
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502 HREF="#OBJCHAP" |
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503 >Chapter 6</A |
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504 >. LWLINK is then used to link these |
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505 object files into a final binary in any of LWLINK's supported binary |
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506 formats.</P |
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507 ><P |
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508 >Object files also support the concept of sections which are not valid |
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509 for other output types. This allows related code from each object file |
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510 linked to be collapsed together in the final binary.</P |
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511 ><P |
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512 >Object files are very flexible in that they allow references that are not |
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513 known at assembly time to be resolved at link time. However, because the |
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514 addresses of such references are not known at assembly time, there is no way |
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515 for the assembler to deduce that an eight bit addressing mode is possible. |
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516 That means the assember will default to using sixteen bit addressing |
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517 whenever an external or cross-section reference is used.</P |
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518 ><P |
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519 >As of LWASM 2.4, it is possible to force direct page addressing for an |
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520 external reference. Care must be taken to ensure the resulting addresses |
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521 are really in the direct page since the linker does not know what the direct |
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522 page is supposed to be and does not emit errors for byte overflows.</P |
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523 ><P |
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524 >It is also possible to use external references in an eight bit immediate |
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525 mode instruction. In this case, only the low order eight bits will be used. |
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526 Again, no byte overflows will be flagged.</P |
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527 ></DIV |
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528 ></DIV |
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529 ><DIV |
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530 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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531 ><HR><H1 |
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532 ><A |
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533 NAME="AEN62" |
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534 ></A |
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535 >Chapter 3. LWASM</H1 |
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536 ><P |
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537 >The LWTOOLS assembler is called LWASM. This chapter documents the various |
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538 features of the assembler. It is not, however, a tutorial on 6x09 assembly |
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539 language programming.</P |
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540 ><DIV |
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541 CLASS="SECTION" |
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542 ><HR><H2 |
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543 CLASS="SECTION" |
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544 ><A |
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545 NAME="AEN65" |
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546 >3.1. Command Line Options</A |
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547 ></H2 |
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548 ><P |
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549 >The binary for LWASM is called "lwasm". Note that the binary is in lower |
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550 case. lwasm takes the following command line arguments.</P |
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551 ><P |
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552 ></P |
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553 ><DIV |
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554 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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555 ><DL |
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556 ><DT |
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557 ><CODE |
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558 CLASS="OPTION" |
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559 >--6309</CODE |
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560 >, <CODE |
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561 CLASS="OPTION" |
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562 >-3</CODE |
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563 ></DT |
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564 ><DD |
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565 ><P |
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566 >This will cause the assembler to accept the additional instructions available |
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567 on the 6309 processor. This is the default mode; this option is provided for |
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568 completeness and to override preset command arguments.</P |
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569 ><P |
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570 >This option is the same as if the first line of the source code is "PRAGMA 6309".</P |
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571 ></DD |
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572 ><DT |
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573 ><CODE |
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574 CLASS="OPTION" |
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575 >--6800compat</CODE |
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576 ></DT |
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577 ><DD |
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578 ><P |
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579 >This is equivalent to <CODE |
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580 CLASS="OPTION" |
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581 >--pragma=6800compat</CODE |
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582 >.</P |
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583 ><P |
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584 >This will enable recognition of 6800 compatibility instructions.</P |
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585 ></DD |
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586 ><DT |
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587 ><CODE |
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588 CLASS="OPTION" |
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589 >--6809</CODE |
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590 >, <CODE |
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591 CLASS="OPTION" |
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592 >-9</CODE |
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593 ></DT |
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594 ><DD |
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595 ><P |
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596 >This will cause the assembler to reject instructions that are only available |
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597 on the 6309 processor. This actually has the effect of starting the assembler |
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598 as though the first line of the source is "PRAGMA 6809".</P |
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599 ></DD |
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600 ><DT |
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601 ><CODE |
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602 CLASS="OPTION" |
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603 >--decb</CODE |
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604 >, <CODE |
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605 CLASS="OPTION" |
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606 >-b</CODE |
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607 ></DT |
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608 ><DD |
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609 ><P |
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610 >Select the DECB output format target. Equivalent to <CODE |
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611 CLASS="OPTION" |
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612 >--format=decb</CODE |
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613 >.</P |
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614 ><P |
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615 >While this is the default output format currently, it is not safe to rely |
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616 on that fact. Future versions may have different defaults. It is also trivial |
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617 to modify the source code to change the default. Thus, it is recommended to specify |
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618 this option if you need DECB output.</P |
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619 ></DD |
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620 ><DT |
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621 ><CODE |
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622 CLASS="OPTION" |
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623 >--format=type</CODE |
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624 >, <CODE |
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625 CLASS="OPTION" |
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626 >-f type</CODE |
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627 ></DT |
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628 ><DD |
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629 ><P |
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630 >Select the output format. Valid values are <CODE |
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631 CLASS="OPTION" |
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632 >obj</CODE |
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633 > for the |
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634 object file target, <CODE |
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635 CLASS="OPTION" |
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636 >decb</CODE |
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637 > for the DECB LOADM format, |
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638 <CODE |
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639 CLASS="OPTION" |
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640 >os9</CODE |
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641 > for creating OS9 modules, <CODE |
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642 CLASS="OPTION" |
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643 >raw</CODE |
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644 > for |
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645 a raw binary, <CODE |
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646 CLASS="OPTION" |
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647 >hex</CODE |
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648 > for ASCII hexadecminal format, |
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649 <CODE |
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650 CLASS="OPTION" |
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651 >srec</CODE |
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652 > for Motorola S-Record format, and <CODE |
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653 CLASS="OPTION" |
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654 >ihex</CODE |
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655 > |
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656 for Intel Hex format.</P |
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657 ></DD |
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658 ><DT |
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659 ><CODE |
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660 CLASS="OPTION" |
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661 >--list[=file]</CODE |
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662 >, <CODE |
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663 CLASS="OPTION" |
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664 >-l[file]</CODE |
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665 ></DT |
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666 ><DD |
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667 ><P |
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668 >Cause LWASM to generate a listing. If <CODE |
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669 CLASS="OPTION" |
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670 >file</CODE |
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671 > is specified, |
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672 the listing will go to that file. Otherwise it will go to the standard output |
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673 stream. By default, no listing is generated. Unless <CODE |
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674 CLASS="OPTION" |
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675 >--symbols</CODE |
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676 > |
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677 is specified, the list will not include the symbol table.</P |
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678 ></DD |
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679 ><DT |
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680 ><CODE |
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681 CLASS="OPTION" |
489
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682 >--symbol-dump[=file]</CODE |
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683 ></DT |
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684 ><DD |
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685 ><P |
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686 >Cause LWASM to output the global symbol table in assembly source format. If |
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687 <CODE |
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688 CLASS="OPTION" |
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689 >file</CODE |
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690 > is specified, the table output will go to the specified |
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691 file. Otherwise, it will go to the standard output stream. Local symbols will |
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692 not be included. Incomplete symbols will be defined to zero with a comment |
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693 indicating incompleteness. Symbols defined with SET will also be listed using |
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694 SET in the symbol dump. However, if the symbol is defined multiple times, the |
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695 order of the definitions in the dump file is undefined.</P |
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696 ></DD |
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697 ><DT |
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698 ><CODE |
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699 CLASS="OPTION" |
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700 >--symbols</CODE |
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701 >, <CODE |
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702 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
703 >-s</CODE |
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|
704 ></DT |
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|
705 ><DD |
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|
706 ><P |
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|
707 >Causes LWASM to generate a list of symbols when generating a listing. |
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|
708 It has no effect unless a listing is being generated.</P |
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|
709 ></DD |
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|
710 ><DT |
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|
711 ><CODE |
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|
712 CLASS="OPTION" |
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713 >--symbols-nolocals</CODE |
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714 ></DT |
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715 ><DD |
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716 ><P |
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717 >Behaves just like <CODE |
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718 CLASS="OPTION" |
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719 >--symbols</CODE |
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720 > but with local labels omitted.</P |
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721 ></DD |
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722 ><DT |
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723 ><CODE |
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724 CLASS="OPTION" |
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725 >--map=FILE</CODE |
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726 ></DT |
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|
727 ><DD |
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|
728 ><P |
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729 > This option generates a map file which can be used by debuggers and monitors to provide symbol information. A map file may be created independent of a listing file. (Patches are pending for MAME and exec09.) </P |
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730 ></DD |
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|
731 ><DT |
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|
732 ><CODE |
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|
733 CLASS="OPTION" |
153
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|
734 >--obj</CODE |
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|
735 ></DT |
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|
736 ><DD |
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|
737 ><P |
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|
738 >Select the proprietary object file format as the output target.</P |
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|
739 ></DD |
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|
740 ><DT |
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|
741 ><CODE |
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|
742 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
743 >--output=FILE</CODE |
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|
744 >, <CODE |
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|
745 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
746 >-o FILE</CODE |
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|
747 ></DT |
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|
748 ><DD |
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|
749 ><P |
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|
750 >This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the |
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|
751 default is <CODE |
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|
752 CLASS="OPTION" |
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parents:
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|
753 >a.out</CODE |
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parents:
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|
754 >.</P |
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|
755 ></DD |
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|
756 ><DT |
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|
757 ><CODE |
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|
758 CLASS="OPTION" |
489
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|
759 >--no-output</CODE |
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|
760 ></DT |
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|
761 ><DD |
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|
762 ><P |
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763 >Do assembly as usual but suppress generation of the output file.</P |
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|
764 ></DD |
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|
765 ><DT |
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|
766 ><CODE |
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|
767 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
768 >--pragma=pragma</CODE |
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|
769 >, <CODE |
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|
770 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
771 >-p pragma</CODE |
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|
772 ></DT |
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|
773 ><DD |
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|
774 ><P |
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|
775 >Specify assembler pragmas. Multiple pragmas are separated by commas. The |
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|
776 pragmas accepted are the same as for the PRAGMA assembler directive described |
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|
777 below.</P |
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|
778 ></DD |
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|
779 ><DT |
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|
780 ><CODE |
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|
781 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
782 >--raw</CODE |
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|
783 >, <CODE |
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|
784 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
785 >-r</CODE |
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|
786 ></DT |
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|
787 ><DD |
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|
788 ><P |
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|
789 >Select raw binary as the output target.</P |
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|
790 ></DD |
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|
791 ><DT |
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|
792 ><CODE |
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|
793 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
794 >--includedir=path</CODE |
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parents:
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|
795 >, <CODE |
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|
796 CLASS="OPTION" |
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parents:
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|
797 >-I path</CODE |
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parents:
diff
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|
798 ></DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
799 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
800 ><P |
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parents:
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|
801 >Add <CODE |
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|
802 CLASS="OPTION" |
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parents:
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|
803 >path</CODE |
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parents:
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|
804 > to the end of the include path.</P |
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|
805 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
806 ><DT |
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|
807 ><CODE |
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|
808 CLASS="OPTION" |
231
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|
809 >--define=SYM[=VAL]</CODE |
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810 >, <CODE |
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|
811 CLASS="OPTION" |
245
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812 >-D SYM[=VAL]</CODE |
231
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813 ></DT |
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|
814 ><DD |
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815 ><P |
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|
816 >Pre-defines the symbol SYM as either the specified VAL. If VAL is omitted, |
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817 the symbol is defined as 1. The symbol will be defined as though it were |
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|
818 defined using the SET directive in the assembly source. That means it can |
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819 be overridden by a SET directive within the source code. Attempting to |
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|
820 redefine SYM using EQU will result in a multiply defined symbol error.</P |
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821 ></DD |
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822 ><DT |
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823 ><CODE |
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824 CLASS="OPTION" |
394
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825 >-t WIDTH</CODE |
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826 >, <CODE |
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827 CLASS="OPTION" |
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828 >--tabs=WIDTH</CODE |
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829 ></DT |
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830 ><DD |
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831 ><P |
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|
832 >Specifies the handling of tabs in listing files. <CODE |
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|
833 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
834 >--tabs=0</CODE |
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835 > |
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|
836 disables tab expansion. <CODE |
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|
837 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
838 >--tabs=8</CODE |
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|
839 > is the default setting.</P |
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|
840 ></DD |
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841 ><DT |
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|
842 ><CODE |
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|
843 CLASS="OPTION" |
153
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|
844 >--help</CODE |
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|
845 >, <CODE |
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|
846 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
847 >-?</CODE |
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|
848 ></DT |
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|
849 ><DD |
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|
850 ><P |
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|
851 >Present a help screen describing the command line options.</P |
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|
852 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
853 ><DT |
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|
854 ><CODE |
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|
855 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
856 >--usage</CODE |
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parents:
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|
857 ></DT |
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|
858 ><DD |
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|
859 ><P |
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|
860 >Provide a summary of the command line options.</P |
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|
861 ></DD |
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|
862 ><DT |
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|
863 ><CODE |
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|
864 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
865 >--version</CODE |
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|
866 >, <CODE |
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|
867 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
868 >-V</CODE |
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parents:
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|
869 ></DT |
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|
870 ><DD |
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|
871 ><P |
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|
872 >Display the software version.</P |
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parents:
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|
873 ></DD |
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|
874 ><DT |
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|
875 ><CODE |
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|
876 CLASS="OPTION" |
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parents:
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|
877 >--debug</CODE |
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parents:
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|
878 >, <CODE |
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|
879 CLASS="OPTION" |
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parents:
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|
880 >-d</CODE |
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parents:
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|
881 ></DT |
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|
882 ><DD |
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|
883 ><P |
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|
884 >Increase the debugging level. Only really useful to people hacking on the |
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parents:
diff
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|
885 LWASM source code itself.</P |
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parents:
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|
886 ></DD |
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|
887 ></DL |
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parents:
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|
888 ></DIV |
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|
889 ></DIV |
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|
890 ><DIV |
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|
891 CLASS="SECTION" |
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parents:
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|
892 ><HR><H2 |
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|
893 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
894 ><A |
489
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|
895 NAME="AEN229" |
153
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|
896 >3.2. Dialects</A |
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|
897 ></H2 |
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|
898 ><P |
333
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899 > LWASM supports all documented MC6809 instructions as defined by |
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900 Motorola. By default, this does not include any MC6800 compatibility |
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901 instructions. As of LWASM 4.11, those compatibility instructions can be |
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902 enabled using the <CODE |
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903 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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904 >--6800compat</CODE |
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905 > option or the |
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906 <CODE |
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907 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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908 >6800compat</CODE |
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909 > pragma. It also supports all known HD6309 |
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910 instructions. While there is general agreement on the pneumonics for most |
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911 of the 6309 instructions, there is some variance with the block transfer |
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912 instructions. TFM for all four variations seems to have gained the most |
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|
913 traction and, thus, this is the form that is recommended for LWASM. |
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914 However, it also supports COPY, COPY-, IMP, EXP, TFRP, TFRM, TFRS, and TFRR. |
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915 It further adds COPY+ as a synomym for COPY, IMPLODE for IMP, and EXPAND for |
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|
916 EXP. </P |
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917 ><P |
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918 >By default, LWASM accepts 6309 instructions. However, using the |
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|
919 <CODE |
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|
920 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
921 >--6809</CODE |
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|
922 > parameter, you can cause it to throw errors on |
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|
923 6309 instructions instead.</P |
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|
924 ><P |
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|
925 >The standard addressing mode specifiers are supported. These are the |
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926 hash sign ("#") for immediate mode, the less than sign ("<") for forced |
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|
927 eight bit modes, and the greater than sign (">") for forced sixteen bit modes.</P |
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928 ><P |
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|
929 >Additionally, LWASM supports using the asterisk ("*") to indicate |
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|
930 base page addressing. This should not be used in hand-written source code, |
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|
931 however, because it is non-standard and may or may not be present in future |
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|
932 versions of LWASM.</P |
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|
933 ></DIV |
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|
934 ><DIV |
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|
935 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
936 ><HR><H2 |
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|
937 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
938 ><A |
489
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939 NAME="AEN238" |
153
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|
940 >3.3. Source Format</A |
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|
941 ></H2 |
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|
942 ><P |
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|
943 >LWASM accepts plain text files in a relatively free form. It can handle |
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944 lines terminated with CR, LF, CRLF, or LFCR which means it should be able |
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|
945 to assemble files on any platform on which it compiles.</P |
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|
946 ><P |
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|
947 >Each line may start with a symbol. If a symbol is present, there must not |
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|
948 be any whitespace preceding it. It is legal for a line to contain nothing |
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|
949 but a symbol.</P |
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|
950 ><P |
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|
951 >The op code is separated from the symbol by whitespace. If there is |
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952 no symbol, there must be at least one white space character preceding it. |
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|
953 If applicable, the operand follows separated by whitespace. Following the |
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|
954 opcode and operand is an optional comment.</P |
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|
955 ><P |
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|
956 > It is important to note that operands cannot contain any whitespace |
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|
957 except in the case of delimited strings. This is because the first |
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|
958 whitespace character will be interpreted as the separator between the |
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|
959 operand column and the comment. This behaviour is required for approximate |
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|
960 source compatibility with other 6x09 assemblers. </P |
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|
961 ><P |
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962 >A comment can also be introduced with a * or a ;. The comment character is |
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|
963 optional for end of statement comments. However, if a symbol is the only |
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|
964 thing present on the line other than the comment, the comment character is |
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|
965 mandatory to prevent the assembler from interpreting the comment as an opcode.</P |
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|
966 ><P |
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967 >For compatibility with the output generated by some C preprocessors, LWASM |
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968 will also ignore lines that begin with a #. This should not be used as a general |
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|
969 comment character, however.</P |
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|
970 ><P |
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|
971 >The opcode is not treated case sensitively. Neither are register names in |
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|
972 the operand fields. Symbols, however, are case sensitive.</P |
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|
973 ><P |
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974 > As of version 2.6, LWASM supports files with line numbers. If line |
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975 numbers are present, the line must start with a digit. The line number |
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976 itself must consist only of digits. The line number must then be followed |
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977 by either the end of the line or exactly one white space character. After |
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978 that white space character, the lines are interpreted exactly as above. </P |
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979 ></DIV |
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980 ><DIV |
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|
981 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
982 ><HR><H2 |
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|
983 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
984 ><A |
489
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985 NAME="AEN248" |
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986 >3.4. Symbols</A |
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|
987 ></H2 |
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|
988 ><P |
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|
989 >Symbols have no length restriction. They may contain letters, numbers, dots, |
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990 dollar signs, and underscores. They must start with a letter, dot, or |
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|
991 underscore.</P |
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992 ><P |
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|
993 >LWASM also supports the concept of a local symbol. A local symbol is one |
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994 which contains either a "?" or a "@", which can appear anywhere in the symbol. |
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995 The scope of a local symbol is determined by a number of factors. First, |
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996 each included file gets its own local symbol scope. A blank line will also |
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|
997 be considered a local scope barrier. Macros each have their own local symbol |
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998 scope as well (which has a side effect that you cannot use a local symbol |
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999 as an argument to a macro). There are other factors as well. In general, |
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1000 a local symbol is restricted to the block of code it is defined within.</P |
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1001 ><P |
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1002 >By default, unless assembling to the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will |
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|
1003 also make it local. This can be controlled by the "dollarlocal" and |
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1004 "nodollarlocal" pragmas. In the absence of a pragma to the contrary, for |
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1005 the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will not make it considered local while |
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|
1006 for all other targets it will.</P |
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|
1007 ></DIV |
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|
1008 ><DIV |
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|
1009 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1010 ><HR><H2 |
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|
1011 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1012 ><A |
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1013 NAME="AEN253" |
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1014 >3.5. Numbers and Expressions</A |
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1015 ></H2 |
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1016 ><P |
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1017 > Numbers can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal. Binary |
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1018 numbers may be prefixed with a "%" symbol or suffixed with a "b" or "B". |
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1019 Octal numbers may be prefixed with "@" or suffixed with "Q", "q", "O", or |
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1020 "o". Hexadecimal numbers may be prefixed with "$", "0x" or "0X", or suffixed |
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1021 with "H". No prefix or suffix is required for decimal numbers but they can |
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1022 be prefixed with "&" if desired. Any constant which begins with a letter |
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1023 must be expressed with the correct prefix base identifier or be prefixed |
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1024 with a 0. Thus hexadecimal FF would have to be written either 0FFH or $FF. |
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1025 Numbers are not case sensitive. </P |
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1026 ><P |
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1027 > A symbol may appear at any point where a number is acceptable. The |
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1028 special symbol "*" can be used to represent the starting address of the |
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1029 current source line within expressions. </P |
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|
1030 ><P |
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1031 >The ASCII value of a character can be included by prefixing it with a |
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1032 single quote ('). The ASCII values of two characters can be included by |
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1033 prefixing the characters with a quote (").</P |
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|
1034 ><P |
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1035 > LWASM supports the following basic binary operators: +, -, *, /, and %. |
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1036 These represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and |
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1037 modulus. It also supports unary negation and unary 1's complement (- and ^ |
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1038 respectively). It is also possible to use ~ for the unary 1's complement |
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1039 operator. For completeness, a unary positive (+) is supported though it is |
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1040 a no-op. LWASM also supports using |, &, and ^ for bitwise or, bitwise and, |
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1041 and bitwise exclusive or respectively. </P |
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1042 ><P |
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1043 > Operator precedence follows the usual rules. Multiplication, division, and |
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1044 modulus take precedence over addition and subtraction. Unary operators take |
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1045 precedence over binary operators. Bitwise operators are lower precdence |
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1046 than addition and subtraction. To force a specific order of evaluation, |
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1047 parentheses can be used in the usual manner. </P |
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1048 ><P |
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1049 > As of LWASM 2.5, the operators && and || are recognized for boolean and and |
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1050 boolean or respectively. They will return either 0 or 1 (false or true). |
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|
1051 They have the lowest precedence of all the binary operators. </P |
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1052 ></DIV |
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|
1053 ><DIV |
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|
1054 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1055 ><HR><H2 |
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|
1056 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1057 ><A |
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1058 NAME="AEN261" |
153
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|
1059 >3.6. Assembler Directives</A |
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1060 ></H2 |
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|
1061 ><P |
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1062 >Various directives can be used to control the behaviour of the |
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1063 assembler or to include non-code/data in the resulting output. Those directives |
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1064 that are not described in detail in other sections of this document are |
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|
1065 described below.</P |
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|
1066 ><DIV |
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|
1067 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1068 ><HR><H3 |
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|
1069 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1070 ><A |
489
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|
1071 NAME="AEN264" |
153
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|
1072 >3.6.1. Data Directives</A |
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|
1073 ></H3 |
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|
1074 ><P |
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|
1075 ></P |
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|
1076 ><DIV |
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|
1077 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
1078 ><DL |
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|
1079 ><DT |
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|
1080 >FCB <CODE |
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|
1081 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1082 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1083 >, .DB <CODE |
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|
1084 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1085 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1086 >, .BYTE <CODE |
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|
1087 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1088 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1089 ></DT |
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1090 ><DD |
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1091 ><P |
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1092 >Include one or more constant bytes (separated by commas) in the output.</P |
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1093 ></DD |
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1094 ><DT |
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|
1095 >FDB <CODE |
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|
1096 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1097 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1098 >, .DW <CODE |
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|
1099 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1100 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1101 >, .WORD <CODE |
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|
1102 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1103 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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1104 ></DT |
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1105 ><DD |
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1106 ><P |
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1107 >Include one or more words (separated by commas) in the output.</P |
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|
1108 ></DD |
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|
1109 ><DT |
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|
1110 >FQB <CODE |
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|
1111 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1112 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1113 >, .QUAD <CODE |
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|
1114 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1115 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1116 >, .4BYTE <CODE |
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|
1117 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1118 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1119 ></DT |
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|
1120 ><DD |
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|
1121 ><P |
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|
1122 >Include one or more double words (separated by commas) in the output.</P |
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|
1123 ></DD |
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|
1124 ><DT |
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|
1125 >FCC <CODE |
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|
1126 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1127 >string</CODE |
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|
1128 >, .ASCII <CODE |
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|
1129 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1130 >string</CODE |
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|
1131 >, .STR <CODE |
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|
1132 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1133 >string</CODE |
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|
1134 ></DT |
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|
1135 ><DD |
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|
1136 ><P |
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|
1137 >Include a string of text in the output. The first character of the operand |
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|
1138 is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and cannot appear |
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|
1139 within the string. The string is included with no modifications></P |
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|
1140 ></DD |
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|
1141 ><DT |
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|
1142 >FCN <CODE |
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|
1143 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1144 >string</CODE |
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|
1145 >, .ASCIZ <CODE |
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|
1146 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1147 >string</CODE |
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|
1148 >, .STRZ <CODE |
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|
1149 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1150 >string</CODE |
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|
1151 ></DT |
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|
1152 ><DD |
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|
1153 ><P |
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|
1154 >Include a NUL terminated string of text in the output. The first character of |
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|
1155 the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and |
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|
1156 cannot appear within the string. A NUL byte is automatically appended to |
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|
1157 the string.</P |
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|
1158 ></DD |
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1159 ><DT |
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|
1160 >FCS <CODE |
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|
1161 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1162 >string</CODE |
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|
1163 >, .ASCIS <CODE |
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|
1164 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1165 >string</CODE |
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|
1166 >, .STRS <CODE |
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|
1167 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1168 >string</CODE |
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|
1169 ></DT |
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|
1170 ><DD |
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|
1171 ><P |
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1172 >Include a string of text in the output with bit 7 of the final byte set. The |
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|
1173 first character of the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last |
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|
1174 character and cannot appear within the string.</P |
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|
1175 ></DD |
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|
1176 ><DT |
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|
1177 >ZMB <CODE |
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|
1178 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1179 >expr</CODE |
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|
1180 ></DT |
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|
1181 ><DD |
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|
1182 ><P |
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|
1183 >Include a number of NUL bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable |
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|
1184 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1185 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1186 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1187 >ZMD <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1188 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1189 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1190 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1191 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1192 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1193 >Include a number of zero words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1194 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1195 permitted.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1196 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1197 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1198 >ZMQ <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1199 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1200 >expr<CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1201 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1202 ></CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1203 ></CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1204 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1205 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1206 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1207 >Include a number of zero double-words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1208 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1209 permitted.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1210 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1211 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1212 >RMB <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1213 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1214 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1215 >, .BLKB <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1216 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1217 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1218 >, .DS <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1219 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1220 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1221 >, .RS <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1222 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1223 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1224 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1225 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1226 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1227 >Reserve a number of bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1228 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1229 The value of the bytes is undefined.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1230 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1231 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1232 >RMD <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1233 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1234 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1235 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1236 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1237 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1238 >Reserve a number of words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1239 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1240 permitted. The value of the words is undefined.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1241 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1242 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1243 >RMQ <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1244 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1245 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1246 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1247 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1248 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1249 >Reserve a number of double-words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1250 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1251 permitted. The value of the double-words is undefined.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1252 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1253 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1254 >INCLUDEBIN <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1255 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1256 >filename</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1257 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1258 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1259 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1260 >Treat the contents of <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1261 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1262 >filename</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1263 > as a string of bytes to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1264 be included literally at the current assembly point. This has the same effect |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1265 as converting the file contents to a series of FCB statements and including |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1266 those at the current assembly point.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1267 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1268 > If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1269 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1270 >filename</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1271 > beings with a /, the file name |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1272 will be taken as absolute. Otherwise, the current directory will be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1273 searched followed by the search path in the order specified.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1274 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1275 > Please note that absolute path detection including drive letters will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1276 not function correctly on Windows platforms. Non-absolute inclusion will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1277 work, however.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1278 ></DD |
254
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1279 ><DT |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1280 >FILL <CODE |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1281 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
451 | 1282 >byte</CODE |
254
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1283 >,<CODE |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1284 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
451 | 1285 >size</CODE |
254
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1286 ></DT |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1287 ><DD |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1288 ><P |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1289 >Insert <CODE |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1290 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1291 >size</CODE |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1292 > bytes of <CODE |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1293 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1294 >byte</CODE |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1295 >.</P |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
1296 ></DD |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1297 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1298 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1299 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1300 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1301 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1302 ><HR><H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1303 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1304 ><A |
489
52af0aa54fe5
Update html and pdf documentation in preparation for release
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
478
diff
changeset
|
1305 NAME="AEN375" |
153
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1306 >3.6.2. Address Definition</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1307 ></H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1308 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1309 >The directives in this section all control the addresses of symbols |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1310 or the assembly process itself.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1311 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1312 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1313 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1314 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1315 ><DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1316 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1317 >ORG <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1318 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1319 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1320 ></DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1321 ><DD |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1322 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1323 >Set the assembly address. The address must be fully resolvable on the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1324 first pass so no external or forward references are permitted. ORG is not |
324
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Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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316
diff
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|
1325 permitted within sections when outputting to object files. For target formats |
b30091890d62
Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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316
diff
changeset
|
1326 that include address information (decb, hex, srec, and ihex), an ORG |
b30091890d62
Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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316
diff
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|
1327 directive will re-start the address sequence within the output. When using |
b30091890d62
Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
316
diff
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|
1328 the raw target format, ORG is used only to determine the addresses of symbols.</P |
153
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1329 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1330 ><DT |
394
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diff
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|
1331 >REORG</DT |
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|
1332 ><DD |
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|
1333 ><P |
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|
1334 >Sets the assembly address to the value it had immediately prior to the |
fc166b3bbae3
Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff
changeset
|
1335 previous ORG statement. It is used to continue assembly after some |
fc166b3bbae3
Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
369
diff
changeset
|
1336 specification that required an additional ORG. This directive is primarily |
fc166b3bbae3
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
369
diff
changeset
|
1337 intended for MACRO-80c compatibility. Consider using alternatives in |
fc166b3bbae3
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
369
diff
changeset
|
1338 modern code.</P |
fc166b3bbae3
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1339 ></DD |
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diff
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|
1340 ><DT |
153
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|
1341 ><CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1342 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1343 >sym</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1344 > EQU <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1345 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1346 >expr</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1347 >, <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1348 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1349 >sym</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1350 > = <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1351 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1352 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1353 ></DT |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1354 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1355 ><P |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1356 >Define the value of <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1357 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1358 >sym</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1359 > to be <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1360 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1361 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1362 >.</P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1363 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1364 ><DT |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1365 ><CODE |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1366 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1367 >sym</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1368 > SET <CODE |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1369 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1370 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1371 ></DT |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1372 ><DD |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1373 ><P |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1374 >Define the value of <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1375 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1376 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1377 > to be <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1378 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1379 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1380 >. |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1381 Unlike EQU, SET permits symbols to be defined multiple times as long as SET |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1382 is used for all instances. Use of the symbol before the first SET statement |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1383 that sets its value is undefined.</P |
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parents:
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|
1384 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1385 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
1386 >SETDP <CODE |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1387 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1388 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
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|
1389 ></DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1390 ><DD |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1391 ><P |
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parents:
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|
1392 >Inform the assembler that it can assume the DP register contains |
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parents:
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|
1393 <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1394 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1395 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1396 >. This directive is only advice to the assembler |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1397 to determine whether an address is in the direct page and has no effect |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1398 on the contents of the DP register. The value must be fully resolved during |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1399 the first assembly pass because it affects the sizes of subsequent instructions.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1400 ><P |
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parents:
diff
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|
1401 >This directive has no effect in the object file target.</P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1402 ></DD |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1403 ><DT |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1404 >ALIGN <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1405 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1406 >expr</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1407 >[,<CODE |
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parents:
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|
1408 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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changeset
|
1409 >value</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1410 >]</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1411 ><DD |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1412 ><P |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1413 >Force the current assembly address to be a multiple of |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1414 <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1415 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1416 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1417 >. If <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1418 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1419 >value</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1420 > is not |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1421 specified, a series of NUL bytes is output to force the alignment, if |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1422 required. Otherwise, the low order 8 bits of <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
1423 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1424 >value</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1425 > |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1426 will be used as the fill. The alignment value must be fully resolved on the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1427 first pass because it affects the addresses of subsquent instructions. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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changeset
|
1428 However, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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changeset
|
1429 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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changeset
|
1430 >value</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
1431 > may include forward references; as |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
1432 long as it resolves to a constant for the second pass, the value will be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1433 accepted.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
1434 ><P |
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parents:
diff
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|
1435 >Unless <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1436 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1437 >value</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
1438 > is specified as something like $12, |
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parents:
diff
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|
1439 this directive is not suitable for inclusion in the middle of actual code. |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1440 The default padding value is $00 which is intended to be used within data |
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parents:
diff
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|
1441 blocks. </P |
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parents:
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|
1442 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
1443 ></DL |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1444 ></DIV |
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parents:
diff
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|
1445 ></DIV |
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parents:
diff
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|
1446 ><DIV |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1447 CLASS="SECTION" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1448 ><HR><H3 |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1449 CLASS="SECTION" |
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parents:
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|
1450 ><A |
489
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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478
diff
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|
1451 NAME="AEN426" |
153
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|
1452 >3.6.3. Conditional Assembly</A |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1453 ></H3 |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1454 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1455 >Portions of the source code can be excluded or included based on conditions |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1456 known at assembly time. Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily deeply. The |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1457 directives associated with conditional assembly are described in this section.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1458 ><P |
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|
1459 >All conditionals must be fully bracketed. That is, every conditional |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1460 statement must eventually be followed by an ENDC at the same level of nesting.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1461 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1462 >Conditional expressions are only evaluated on the first assembly pass. |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1463 It is not possible to game the assembly process by having a conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1464 change its value between assembly passes. Due to the underlying architecture |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1465 of LWASM, there is no possible utility to IFP1 and IFP2, nor can they, as of LWASM 3.0, actually |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1466 be implemented meaningfully. Thus there is not and never will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1467 be any equivalent of IFP1 or IFP2 as provided by other assemblers. Use of those opcodes |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1468 will throw a warning and be ignored.</P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1469 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
1470 >It is important to note that if a conditional does not resolve to a constant |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
1471 during the first parsing pass, an error will be thrown. This is unavoidable because the assembler |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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diff
changeset
|
1472 must make a decision about which source to include and which source to exclude at this stage. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1473 Thus, expressions that work normally elsewhere will not work for conditions.</P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1474 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1475 ></P |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1476 ><DIV |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1477 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1478 ><DL |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1479 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1480 >IFEQ <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1481 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1482 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1483 ></DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1484 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1485 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1486 >If <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1487 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1488 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1489 > evaluates to zero, the conditional |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1490 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1491 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1492 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1493 >IFNE <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1494 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1495 >expr</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1496 >, IF <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1497 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1498 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1499 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1500 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1501 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1502 >If <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1503 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1504 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1505 > evaluates to a non-zero value, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1506 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1507 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1508 ><DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1509 >IFGT <CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1510 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1511 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1512 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1513 ><DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1514 ><P |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1515 >If <CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1516 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1517 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1518 > evaluates to a value greater than zero, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1519 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1520 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1521 ><DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1522 >IFGE <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1523 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1524 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1525 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1526 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1527 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1528 >If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1529 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1530 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1531 > evaluates to a value greater than or equal to zero, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1532 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1533 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1534 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1535 >IFLT <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1536 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1537 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1538 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1539 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1540 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1541 >If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1542 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1543 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1544 > evaluates to a value less than zero, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1545 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1546 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1547 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1548 >IFLE <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1549 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1550 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1551 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1552 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1553 ><P |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1554 >If <CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1555 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1556 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1557 > evaluates to a value less than or equal to zero , the conditional |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1558 will be considered true.</P |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1559 ></DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1560 ><DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1561 >IFDEF <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1562 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1563 >sym</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1564 ></DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1565 ><DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1566 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1567 >If <CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1568 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1569 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1570 > is defined at this point in the assembly |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1571 process, the conditional |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1572 will be considered true.</P |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1573 ></DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1574 ><DT |
394
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
369
diff
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|
1575 >IFPRAGMA <CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff
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|
1576 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff
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|
1577 >pragma</CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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369
diff
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|
1578 ></DT |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff
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|
1579 ><DD |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff
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|
1580 ><P |
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diff
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|
1581 >If <CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
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diff
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|
1582 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff
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|
1583 >pragma</CODE |
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|
1584 > is in effect, the condition will be considered true.</P |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1585 ></DD |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1586 ><DT |
153
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|
1587 >IFNDEF <CODE |
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|
1588 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1589 >sym</CODE |
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|
1590 ></DT |
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|
1591 ><DD |
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|
1592 ><P |
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|
1593 >If <CODE |
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|
1594 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1595 >sym</CODE |
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|
1596 > is not defined at this point in the assembly |
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1597 process, the conditional |
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|
1598 will be considered true.</P |
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|
1599 ></DD |
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|
1600 ><DT |
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|
1601 >ELSE</DT |
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|
1602 ><DD |
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|
1603 ><P |
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|
1604 >If the preceding conditional at the same level of nesting was false, the |
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1605 statements following will be assembled. If the preceding conditional at |
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1606 the same level was true, the statements following will not be assembled. |
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1607 Note that the preceding conditional might have been another ELSE statement |
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1608 although this behaviour is not guaranteed to be supported in future versions |
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|
1609 of LWASM.</P |
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1610 ></DD |
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1611 ><DT |
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1612 >ENDC</DT |
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1613 ><DD |
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1614 ><P |
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1615 >This directive marks the end of a conditional construct. Every conditional |
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1616 construct must end with an ENDC directive.</P |
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1617 ></DD |
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1618 ></DL |
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1619 ></DIV |
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1620 ></DIV |
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1621 ><DIV |
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1622 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1623 ><HR><H3 |
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|
1624 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1625 ><A |
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1626 NAME="AEN497" |
153
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1627 >3.6.4. OS9 Target Directives</A |
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1628 ></H3 |
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|
1629 ><P |
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1630 >This section includes directives that apply solely to the OS9 |
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|
1631 target.</P |
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|
1632 ><P |
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|
1633 ></P |
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|
1634 ><DIV |
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|
1635 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
1636 ><DL |
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|
1637 ><DT |
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|
1638 >OS9 <CODE |
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|
1639 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1640 >syscall</CODE |
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|
1641 ></DT |
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|
1642 ><DD |
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|
1643 ><P |
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|
1644 > This directive generates a call to the specified system call. <CODE |
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|
1645 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1646 >syscall</CODE |
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|
1647 > may be an arbitrary expression. </P |
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|
1648 ></DD |
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|
1649 ><DT |
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|
1650 >MOD <CODE |
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|
1651 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1652 >size</CODE |
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|
1653 >,<CODE |
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|
1654 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1655 >name</CODE |
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|
1656 >,<CODE |
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|
1657 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1658 >type</CODE |
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|
1659 >,<CODE |
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|
1660 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1661 >flags</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1662 >,<CODE |
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|
1663 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1664 >execoff</CODE |
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|
1665 >,<CODE |
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|
1666 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1667 >datasize</CODE |
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|
1668 ></DT |
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|
1669 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
1670 ><P |
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|
1671 > This tells LWASM that the beginning of the actual module is here. It will |
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|
1672 generate a module header based on the parameters specified. It will also |
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|
1673 begin calcuating the module CRC. </P |
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|
1674 ><P |
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|
1675 > The precise meaning of the various parameters is beyond the scope of this |
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|
1676 document since it is not a tutorial on OS9 module programming. </P |
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|
1677 ></DD |
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|
1678 ><DT |
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|
1679 >EMOD</DT |
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|
1680 ><DD |
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|
1681 ><P |
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|
1682 > This marks the end of a module and causes LWASM to emit the calculated CRC |
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|
1683 for the module. </P |
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|
1684 ></DD |
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|
1685 ></DL |
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|
1686 ></DIV |
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|
1687 ></DIV |
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|
1688 ><DIV |
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|
1689 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1690 ><HR><H3 |
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|
1691 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1692 ><A |
489
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|
1693 NAME="AEN522" |
153
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|
1694 >3.6.5. Miscelaneous Directives</A |
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|
1695 ></H3 |
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|
1696 ><P |
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|
1697 >This section includes directives that do not fit into the other |
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|
1698 categories.</P |
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|
1699 ><P |
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|
1700 ></P |
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|
1701 ><DIV |
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|
1702 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
1703 ><DL |
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|
1704 ><DT |
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|
1705 >INCLUDE <CODE |
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|
1706 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1707 >filename</CODE |
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|
1708 >, USE <CODE |
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|
1709 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1710 >filename</CODE |
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|
1711 ></DT |
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|
1712 ><DD |
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|
1713 ><P |
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|
1714 > Include the contents of <CODE |
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|
1715 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1716 >filename</CODE |
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|
1717 > at |
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|
1718 this point in the assembly as though it were a part of the file currently |
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|
1719 being processed. Note that if whitespace appears in the name of the file, |
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|
1720 you must enclose <CODE |
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|
1721 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1722 >filename</CODE |
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1723 > in quotes.</P |
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1724 ><P |
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1725 >Note that the USE variation is provided only for compatibility with other |
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1726 assemblers. It is recommended to use the INCLUDE variation.</P |
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1727 ><P |
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|
1728 >If <CODE |
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|
1729 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1730 >filename</CODE |
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|
1731 > begins with a "/", it is |
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|
1732 interpreted as an absolute path. If it does not, the search path will be used |
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1733 to find the file. First, the directory containing the file that contains this |
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1734 directive. (Includes within an included file are relative to the included file, |
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1735 not the file that included it.) If the file is not found there, the include path |
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1736 is searched. If it is still not found, an error will be thrown. Note that the |
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1737 current directory as understood by your shell or operating system is not searched.</P |
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1738 ></DD |
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1739 ><DT |
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1740 >END <CODE |
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1741 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1742 >[expr]</CODE |
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1743 ></DT |
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1744 ><DD |
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1745 ><P |
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1746 >This directive causes the assembler to stop assembling immediately as though |
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1747 it ran out of input. For the DECB target only, <CODE |
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|
1748 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1749 >expr</CODE |
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1750 > |
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1751 can be used to set the execution address of the resulting binary. For all |
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|
1752 other targets, specifying <CODE |
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|
1753 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1754 >expr</CODE |
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1755 > will cause an error.</P |
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1756 ></DD |
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1757 ><DT |
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1758 >ERROR <CODE |
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|
1759 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1760 >string</CODE |
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|
1761 ></DT |
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|
1762 ><DD |
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1763 ><P |
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1764 >Causes a custom error message to be printed at this line. This will cause |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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1765 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1766 to cause assembly to fail if some condition that is known bad happens. Everything |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1767 from the directive to the end of the line is considered the error message.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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1768 ></DD |
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parents:
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1769 ><DT |
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1770 >WARNING <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1771 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1772 >string</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1773 ></DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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1774 ><DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1775 ><P |
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parents:
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|
1776 >Causes a custom warning message to be printed at this line. This will not cause |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1777 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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1778 or include files to alert the programmer to a deprecated feature being used |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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1779 or some other condition that may cause trouble later, but which may, in fact, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
1780 not cause any trouble.</P |
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|
1781 ></DD |
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|
1782 ><DT |
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|
1783 >.MODULE <CODE |
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|
1784 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
1785 >string</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1786 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
1787 ><DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1788 ><P |
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1789 >This directive is ignored for most output targets. If the output target |
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parents:
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|
1790 supports encoding a module name into it, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
1791 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1792 >string</CODE |
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|
1793 > |
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|
1794 will be used as the module name.</P |
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parents:
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|
1795 ><P |
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parents:
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|
1796 >As of version 3.0, no supported output targets support this directive.</P |
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parents:
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1797 ></DD |
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parents:
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1798 ></DL |
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parents:
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|
1799 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
1800 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
1801 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
1802 ><DIV |
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|
1803 CLASS="SECTION" |
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parents:
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|
1804 ><HR><H2 |
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|
1805 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1806 ><A |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1807 NAME="AEN562" |
153
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1808 >3.7. Macros</A |
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1809 ></H2 |
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1810 ><P |
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1811 >LWASM is a macro assembler. A macro is simply a name that stands in for a |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
1812 series of instructions. Once a macro is defined, it is used like any other |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
1813 assembler directive. Defining a macro can be considered equivalent to adding |
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parents:
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|
1814 additional assembler directives.</P |
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|
1815 ><P |
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|
1816 >Macros may accept parameters. These parameters are referenced within a |
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|
1817 macro by the a backslash ("\") followed by a digit 1 through 9 for the first |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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1818 through ninth parameters. They may also be referenced by enclosing the |
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|
1819 decimal parameter number in braces ("{num}"). The special expansion "\*" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
1820 translates to the exact parameter string, including all parameters, passed |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
1821 to the macro. These parameter references are replaced with the verbatim text |
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1822 of the parameter passed to the macro. A reference to a non-existent |
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|
1823 parameter will be replaced by an empty string. Macro parameters are expanded |
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|
1824 everywhere on each source line. That means the parameter to a macro could be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
1825 used as a symbol or it could even appear in a comment or could cause an |
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|
1826 entire source line to be commented out when the macro is expanded. </P |
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1827 ><P |
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1828 >Parameters passed to a macro are separated by commas and the parameter list |
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1829 is terminated by any whitespace. This means that neither a comma nor whitespace |
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1830 may be included in a macro parameter.</P |
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|
1831 ><P |
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1832 >Macro expansion is done recursively. That is, within a macro, macros are |
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|
1833 expanded. This can lead to infinite loops in macro expansion. If the assembler |
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|
1834 hangs for a long time while assembling a file that uses macros, this may be |
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1835 the reason.</P |
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1836 ><P |
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1837 >Each macro expansion receives its own local symbol context which is not |
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|
1838 inherited by any macros called by it nor is it inherited from the context |
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|
1839 the macro was instantiated in. That means it is possible to use local symbols |
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|
1840 within macros without having them collide with symbols in other macros or |
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|
1841 outside the macro itself. However, this also means that using a local symbol |
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|
1842 as a parameter to a macro, while legal, will not do what it would seem to do |
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|
1843 as it will result in looking up the local symbol in the macro's symbol context |
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|
1844 rather than the enclosing context where it came from, likely yielding either |
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1845 an undefined symbol error or bizarre assembly results.</P |
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|
1846 ><P |
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|
1847 >Note that there is no way to define a macro as local to a symbol context. All |
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|
1848 macros are part of the global macro namespace. However, macros have a separate |
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|
1849 namespace from symbols so it is possible to have a symbol with the same name |
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|
1850 as a macro.</P |
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1851 ><P |
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1852 >Macros are defined only during the first pass. Macro expansion also |
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1853 only occurs during the first pass. On the second pass, the macro |
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1854 definition is simply ignored. Macros must be defined before they are used.</P |
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1855 ><P |
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1856 >The following directives are used when defining macros.</P |
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1857 ><P |
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1858 ></P |
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1859 ><DIV |
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1860 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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1861 ><DL |
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1862 ><DT |
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1863 ><CODE |
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1864 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1865 >macroname</CODE |
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1866 > MACRO [NOEXPAND]</DT |
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1867 ><DD |
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1868 ><P |
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1869 >This directive is used to being the definition of a macro called |
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1870 <CODE |
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1871 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1872 >macroname</CODE |
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1873 >. If <CODE |
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1874 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1875 >macroname</CODE |
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1876 > already |
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1877 exists, it is considered an error. Attempting to define a macro within a |
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1878 macro is undefined. It may work and it may not so the behaviour should not |
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1879 be relied upon.</P |
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1880 ><P |
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1881 >If NOEXPAND is specified, the macro will not be expanded in a program |
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1882 listing. Instead, all bytes emitted by all instructions within the macro |
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1883 will appear to be emitted on the line where the macro is invoked, starting |
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1884 at the address of the line of the invokation. If the macro uses ORG or other |
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1885 directives that define symbols or change the assembly address, these things |
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1886 will also be hidden (except in the symbol table) and the output bytes will |
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1887 appear with incorrect address attribution. Thus, NOEXPAND should only be |
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1888 used for macros that do not mess with the assembly address or otherwise |
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1889 define symbols that should be visible.</P |
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1890 ></DD |
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1891 ><DT |
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1892 >ENDM</DT |
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1893 ><DD |
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1894 ><P |
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1895 >This directive indicates the end of the macro currently being defined. It |
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1896 causes the assembler to resume interpreting source lines as normal.</P |
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1897 ></DD |
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1898 ></DL |
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1899 ></DIV |
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1900 ></DIV |
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1901 ><DIV |
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1902 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1903 ><HR><H2 |
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1904 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1905 ><A |
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1906 NAME="AEN585" |
153
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1907 >3.8. Structures</A |
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1908 ></H2 |
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1909 ><P |
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1910 > Structures are used to group related data in a fixed structure. A structure |
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1911 consists a number of fields, defined in sequential order and which take up |
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1912 specified size. The assembler does not enforce any means of access within a |
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1913 structure; it assumes that whatever you are doing, you intended to do. |
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1914 There are two pseudo ops that are used for defining structures. </P |
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1915 ><P |
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1916 ></P |
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1917 ><DIV |
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1918 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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1919 ><DL |
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1920 ><DT |
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1921 ><CODE |
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1922 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1923 >structname</CODE |
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1924 > STRUCT</DT |
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1925 ><DD |
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1926 ><P |
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1927 > This directive is used to begin the definition of a structure with name |
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1928 <CODE |
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1929 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1930 >structname</CODE |
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1931 >. Subsequent statements all form part of |
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1932 the structure definition until the end of the structure is declared. </P |
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1933 ></DD |
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1934 ><DT |
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1935 >ENDSTRUCT, ENDS</DT |
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1936 ><DD |
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1937 ><P |
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1938 >This directive ends the definition of the structure. ENDSTRUCT is the |
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1939 preferred form. Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS was used to end a |
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1940 section instead of a structure.</P |
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1941 ></DD |
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1942 ></DL |
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1943 ></DIV |
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1944 ><P |
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1945 > Within a structure definition, only reservation pseudo ops are permitted. |
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1946 Anything else will cause an assembly error.</P |
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1947 ><P |
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1948 > Once a structure is defined, you can reserve an area of memory in the |
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1949 same structure by using the structure name as the opcode. Structures can |
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1950 also contain fields that are themselves structures. See the example |
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1951 below.</P |
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1952 ><PRE |
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1953 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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1954 >tstruct2 STRUCT |
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1955 f1 rmb 1 |
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1956 f2 rmb 1 |
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1957 ENDSTRUCT |
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1958 |
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1959 tstruct STRUCT |
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1960 field1 rmb 2 |
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1961 field2 rmb 3 |
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1962 field3 tstruct2 |
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1963 ENDSTRUCT |
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1964 |
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1965 ORG $2000 |
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1966 var1 tstruct |
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1967 var2 tstruct2</PRE |
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1968 ><P |
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1969 >Fields are referenced using a dot (.) as a separator. To refer to the |
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1970 generic offset within a structure, use the structure name to the left of the |
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1971 dot. If referring to a field within an actual variable, use the variable's |
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1972 symbol name to the left of the dot.</P |
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1973 ><P |
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1974 >You can also refer to the actual size of a structure (or a variable |
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1975 declared as a structure) using the special symbol sizeof{structname} where |
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1976 structname will be the name of the structure or the name of the |
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1977 variable.</P |
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1978 ><P |
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1979 >Essentially, structures are a shortcut for defining a vast number of |
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1980 symbols. When a structure is defined, the assembler creates symbols for the |
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1981 various fields in the form structname.fieldname as well as the appropriate |
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1982 sizeof{structname} symbol. When a variable is declared as a structure, the |
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1983 assembler does the same thing using the name of the variable. You will see |
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1984 these symbols in the symbol table when the assembler is instructed to |
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1985 provide a listing. For instance, the above listing will create the |
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1986 following symbols (symbol values in parentheses): tstruct2.f1 (0), |
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1987 tstruct2.f2 (1), sizeof{tstruct2} (2), tstruct.field1 (0), tstruct.field2 |
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1988 (2), tstruct.field3 (5), tstruct.field3.f1 (5), tstruct.field3.f2 (6), |
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1989 sizeof{tstruct.field3} (2), sizeof{tstruct} (7), var1 {$2000}, var1.field1 |
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1990 {$2000}, var1.field2 {$2002}, var1.field3 {$2005}, var1.field3.f1 {$2005}, |
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1991 var1.field3.f2 {$2006}, sizeof(var1.field3} (2), sizeof{var1} (7), var2 |
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1992 ($2007), var2.f1 ($2007), var2.f2 ($2008), sizeof{var2} (2). </P |
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1993 ></DIV |
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1994 ><DIV |
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1995 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1996 ><HR><H2 |
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1997 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1998 ><A |
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1999 NAME="AEN606" |
153
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2000 >3.9. Object Files and Sections</A |
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2001 ></H2 |
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2002 ><P |
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2003 >The object file target is very useful for large project because it allows |
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2004 multiple files to be assembled independently and then linked into the final |
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2005 binary at a later time. It allows only the small portion of the project |
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2006 that was modified to be re-assembled rather than requiring the entire set |
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2007 of source code to be available to the assembler in a single assembly process. |
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2008 This can be particularly important if there are a large number of macros, |
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2009 symbol definitions, or other metadata that uses resources at assembly time. |
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2010 By far the largest benefit, however, is keeping the source files small enough |
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2011 for a mere mortal to find things in them.</P |
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2012 ><P |
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2013 >With multi-file projects, there needs to be a means of resolving references to |
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2014 symbols in other source files. These are known as external references. The |
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2015 addresses of these symbols cannot be known until the linker joins all the |
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2016 object files into a single binary. This means that the assembler must be |
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2017 able to output the object code without knowing the value of the symbol. This |
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2018 places some restrictions on the code generated by the assembler. For |
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2019 example, the assembler cannot generate direct page addressing for instructions |
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2020 that reference external symbols because the address of the symbol may not |
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2021 be in the direct page. Similarly, relative branches and PC relative addressing |
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2022 cannot be used in their eight bit forms. Everything that must be resolved |
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2023 by the linker must be assembled to use the largest address size possible to |
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2024 allow the linker to fill in the correct value at link time. Note that the |
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2025 same problem applies to absolute address references as well, even those in |
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2026 the same source file, because the address is not known until link time.</P |
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2027 ><P |
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2028 >It is often desired in multi-file projects to have code of various types grouped |
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2029 together in the final binary generated by the linker as well. The same applies |
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2030 to data. In order for the linker to do that, the bits that are to be grouped |
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2031 must be tagged in some manner. This is where the concept of sections comes in. |
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2032 Each chunk of code or data is part of a section in the object file. Then, |
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2033 when the linker reads all the object files, it coalesces all sections of the |
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2034 same name into a single section and then considers it as a unit.</P |
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2035 ><P |
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2036 >The existence of sections, however, raises a problem for symbols even |
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2037 within the same source file. Thus, the assembler must treat symbols from |
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2038 different sections within the same source file in the same manner as external |
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2039 symbols. That is, it must leave them for the linker to resolve at link time, |
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2040 with all the limitations that entails.</P |
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2041 ><P |
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2042 >In the object file target mode, LWASM requires all source lines that |
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2043 cause bytes to be output to be inside a section. Any directives that do |
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2044 not cause any bytes to be output can appear outside of a section. This includes |
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2045 such things as EQU or RMB. Even ORG can appear outside a section. ORG, however, |
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2046 makes no sense within a section because it is the linker that determines |
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2047 the starting address of the section's code, not the assembler.</P |
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2048 ><P |
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2049 >All symbols defined globally in the assembly process are local to the |
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2050 source file and cannot be exported. All symbols defined within a section are |
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2051 considered local to the source file unless otherwise explicitly exported. |
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2052 Symbols referenced from external source files must be declared external, |
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2053 either explicitly or by asking the assembler to assume that all undefined |
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lost@l-w.ca
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2054 symbols are external.</P |
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2055 ><P |
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2056 >It is often handy to define a number of memory addresses that will be |
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2057 used for data at run-time but which need not be included in the binary file. |
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2058 These memory addresses are not initialized until run-time, either by the |
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2059 program itself or by the program loader, depending on the operating environment. |
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2060 Such sections are often known as BSS sections. LWASM supports generating |
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parents:
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|
2061 sections with a BSS attribute set which causes the section definition including |
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2062 symbols exported from that section and those symbols required to resolve |
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2063 references from the local file, but with no actual code in the object file. |
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2064 It is illegal for any source lines within a BSS flagged section to cause any |
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2065 bytes to be output.</P |
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2066 ><P |
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2067 >The following directives apply to section handling.</P |
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2068 ><P |
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2069 ></P |
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2070 ><DIV |
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2071 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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2072 ><DL |
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2073 ><DT |
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2074 >SECTION <CODE |
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2075 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2076 >name[,flags]</CODE |
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2077 >, SECT <CODE |
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2078 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2079 >name[,flags]</CODE |
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|
2080 >, .AREA <CODE |
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2081 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2082 >name[,flags]</CODE |
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2083 ></DT |
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2084 ><DD |
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2085 ><P |
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2086 >Instructs the assembler that the code following this directive is to be |
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2087 considered part of the section <CODE |
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2088 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2089 >name</CODE |
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2090 >. A section name |
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2091 may appear multiple times in which case it is as though all the code from |
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2092 all the instances of that section appeared adjacent within the source file. |
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2093 However, <CODE |
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|
2094 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2095 >flags</CODE |
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2096 > may only be specified on the first |
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2097 instance of the section.</P |
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2098 ><P |
168 | 2099 ><CODE |
153
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2100 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2101 >flags</CODE |
168 | 2102 > is a comma separated list of flags. If a |
2103 flag is "bss", the section will be treated as a BSS section and no | |
2104 statements that generate output are permitted.</P | |
2105 ><P | |
2106 >If the flag is "constant", | |
2107 the same restrictions apply as for BSS sections. Additionally, all symbols | |
2108 defined in a constant section define absolute values and will not be | |
2109 adjusted by the linker at link time. Constant sections cannot define | |
2110 complex expressions for symbols; the value must be fully defined at assembly | |
2111 time. Additionally, multiple instances of a constant section do not | |
2112 coalesce into a single addressing unit; each instance starts again at offset | |
2113 0.</P | |
153
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2114 ><P |
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2115 >If the section name is "bss" or ".bss" in any combination of upper and |
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2116 lower case, the section is assumed to be a BSS section. In that case, |
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2117 the flag <CODE |
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2118 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2119 >!bss</CODE |
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2120 > can be used to override this assumption.</P |
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2121 ><P |
168 | 2122 > If the section name is "_constants" or "_constant", in any |
2123 combination of upper and lower case, the section is assumed to be a constant | |
2124 section. This assumption can be overridden with the "!constant" | |
2125 flag.</P | |
2126 ><P | |
153
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2127 >If assembly is already happening within a section, the section is implicitly |
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2128 ended and the new section started. This is not considered an error although |
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2129 it is recommended that all sections be explicitly closed.</P |
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2130 ></DD |
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2131 ><DT |
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2132 >ENDSECTION, ENDSECT</DT |
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2133 ><DD |
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2134 ><P |
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2135 >This directive ends the current section. This puts assembly outside of any |
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2136 sections until the next SECTION directive. ENDSECTION is the preferred form. |
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2137 Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS could also be used to end a section but |
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2138 as of version 3.0, it is now an alias for ENDSTRUCT instead.</P |
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2139 ></DD |
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2140 ><DT |
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2141 ><CODE |
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2142 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2143 >sym</CODE |
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2144 > EXTERN, <CODE |
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2145 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2146 >sym</CODE |
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2147 > EXTERNAL, <CODE |
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2148 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2149 >sym</CODE |
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2150 > IMPORT</DT |
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2151 ><DD |
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2152 ><P |
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2153 >This directive defines <CODE |
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2154 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2155 >sym</CODE |
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2156 > as an external symbol. |
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2157 This directive may occur at any point in the source code. EXTERN definitions |
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2158 are resolved on the first pass so an EXTERN definition anywhere in the |
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2159 source file is valid for the entire file. The use of this directive is |
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2160 optional when the assembler is instructed to assume that all undefined |
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2161 symbols are external. In fact, in that mode, if the symbol is referenced |
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2162 before the EXTERN directive, an error will occur.</P |
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2163 ></DD |
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2164 ><DT |
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2165 ><CODE |
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2166 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2167 >sym</CODE |
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2168 > EXPORT, <CODE |
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2169 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2170 >sym</CODE |
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2171 > .GLOBL, EXPORT <CODE |
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2172 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2173 >sym</CODE |
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2174 >, .GLOBL <CODE |
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2175 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2176 >sym</CODE |
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2177 ></DT |
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2178 ><DD |
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2179 ><P |
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2180 >This directive defines <CODE |
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2181 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2182 >sym</CODE |
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2183 > as an exported symbol. |
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2184 This directive may occur at any point in the source code, even before the |
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2185 definition of the exported symbol.</P |
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2186 ><P |
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2187 >Note that <CODE |
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2188 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2189 >sym</CODE |
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2190 > may appear as the operand or as the |
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2191 statement's symbol. If there is a symbol on the statement, that will |
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2192 take precedence over any operand that is present.</P |
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2193 ></DD |
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2194 ><DT |
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2195 ><CODE |
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2196 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2197 >sym</CODE |
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2198 > EXTDEP</DT |
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2199 ><DD |
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2200 ><P |
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2201 >This directive forces an external dependency on |
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2202 <CODE |
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2203 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2204 >sym</CODE |
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2205 >, even if it is never referenced anywhere else in |
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2206 this file.</P |
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2207 ></DD |
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2208 ></DL |
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2209 ></DIV |
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2210 ></DIV |
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2211 ><DIV |
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2212 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2213 ><HR><H2 |
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2214 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2215 ><A |
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2216 NAME="AEN670" |
153
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2217 >3.10. Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A |
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2218 ></H2 |
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2219 ><P |
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2220 >There are a number of options that affect the way assembly is performed. |
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2221 Some of these options can only be specified on the command line because |
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2222 they determine something absolute about the assembly process. These include |
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2223 such things as the output target. Other things may be switchable during |
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2224 the assembly process. These are known as pragmas and are, by definition, |
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2225 not portable between assemblers.</P |
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2226 ><P |
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2227 >LWASM supports a number of pragmas that affect code generation or |
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2228 otherwise affect the behaviour of the assembler. These may be specified by |
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2229 way of a command line option or by assembler directives. The directives |
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2230 are as follows.</P |
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2231 ><P |
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2232 ></P |
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2233 ><DIV |
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2234 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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2235 ><DL |
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2236 ><DT |
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2237 >PRAGMA <CODE |
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2238 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2239 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
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2240 ></DT |
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2241 ><DD |
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2242 ><P |
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2243 >Specifies that the assembler should bring into force all <CODE |
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2244 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2245 >pragma</CODE |
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2246 >s |
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2247 specified. Any unrecognized pragma will cause an assembly error. The new |
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2248 pragmas will take effect immediately. This directive should be used when |
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2249 the program will assemble incorrectly if the pragma is ignored or not supported.</P |
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2250 ></DD |
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2251 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2252 >*PRAGMA <CODE |
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|
2253 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
2254 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
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parents:
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|
2255 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
2256 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2257 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2258 >This is identical to the PRAGMA directive except no error will occur with |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2259 unrecognized or unsupported pragmas. This directive, by virtue of starting |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2260 with a comment character, will also be ignored by assemblers that do not |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2261 support this directive. Use this variation if the pragma is not required |
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parents:
diff
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|
2262 for correct functioning of the code.</P |
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parents:
diff
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|
2263 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
2264 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2265 >*PRAGMAPUSH <CODE |
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parents:
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|
2266 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
2267 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
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parents:
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|
2268 ></DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
2269 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2270 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2271 >This directive saves the current state of the specified pragma(s) for later retrieval. See discussion below for more information.</P |
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parents:
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|
2272 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2273 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P |
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parents:
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|
2274 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
2275 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2276 >*PRAGMAPOP <CODE |
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parents:
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|
2277 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
2278 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
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parents:
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|
2279 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
2280 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2281 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2282 >This directive restores the previously saved state of the specified pragma(s). See discussion below for more information.</P |
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parents:
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|
2283 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2284 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P |
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parents:
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|
2285 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
2286 ></DL |
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parents:
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|
2287 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
2288 ><P |
231
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|
2289 >Each pragma supported has a positive version and a negative version. |
153
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|
2290 The positive version enables the pragma while the negative version disables |
231
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|
2291 it. The negatitve version is simply the positive version with "no" prefixed |
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168
diff
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|
2292 to it. For instance, "pragma" vs. "nopragma". When only one version is |
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168
diff
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|
2293 listed below, its opposite can be obtained by prepending "no" if it is not |
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Added --define to lwasm documentation.
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diff
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|
2294 present or removing "no" from the beginning if it is present.</P |
153
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|
2295 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2296 >Pragmas are not case sensitive.</P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2297 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2298 ></P |
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parents:
diff
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|
2299 ><DIV |
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parents:
diff
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|
2300 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2301 ><DL |
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parents:
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|
2302 ><DT |
333
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|
2303 >6800compat</DT |
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|
2304 ><DD |
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|
2305 ><P |
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|
2306 >When in force, this pragma enables recognition of various |
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diff
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|
2307 compatibility instructions useful when assembling 6800 code. These |
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diff
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|
2308 compatibility instructions are assembled into equivalent 6809 instructions. |
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diff
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|
2309 This mode also includes several analogous instructions which are not |
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Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
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324
diff
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|
2310 strictly 6800 instructions but allow the similar style to be applied to 6809 |
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diff
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|
2311 specific features.</P |
507f442dc71e
Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
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324
diff
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|
2312 ><P |
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|
2313 >Technically, a compliant 6809 assembler must recognize these |
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Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
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324
diff
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|
2314 instructions by default since Motorola advertised the 6809 as being source |
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diff
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|
2315 compatible with the 6800. However, most source code does not require this |
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Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
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324
diff
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|
2316 compatibility and LWASM itself did not support these instructions prior to |
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diff
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|
2317 version 4.11 so this mode is disabled by default.</P |
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diff
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|
2318 ></DD |
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|
2319 ><DT |
394
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|
2320 >6809</DT |
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|
2321 ><DD |
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|
2322 ><P |
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|
2323 >This pragma allows you to mark a section of code as 6809-only. In ths mode, |
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diff
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|
2324 the assembler will throw an error if any 6309 instructions are used.</P |
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diff
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|
2325 ></DD |
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|
2326 ><DT |
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|
2327 >6309</DT |
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|
2328 ><DD |
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|
2329 ><P |
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|
2330 >This pragma enables the use of 6309 instructions and disables any 6809 specific |
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diff
changeset
|
2331 instructions. It also changes the cycle count listing output (if selected) |
fc166b3bbae3
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parents:
369
diff
changeset
|
2332 to display 6309 timings.</P |
fc166b3bbae3
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
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diff
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|
2333 ></DD |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
2334 ><DT |
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diff
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|
2335 >6809conv, 6309conv</DT |
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diff
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|
2336 ><DD |
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|
2337 ><P |
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|
2338 >These pragmas enable convenience instructions extending the 6809 and 6309 |
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diff
changeset
|
2339 instruction sets respectively. For more information, see |
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diff
changeset
|
2340 <A |
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diff
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|
2341 HREF="#CONVINST" |
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|
2342 >Section 3.11</A |
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|
2343 >.</P |
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|
2344 ></DD |
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|
2345 ><DT |
153
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|
2346 >index0tonone</DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2347 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2348 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2349 >When in force, this pragma enables an optimization affecting indexed addressing |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2350 modes. When the offset expression in an indexed mode evaluates to zero but is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2351 not explicity written as 0, this will replace the operand with the equivalent |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2352 no offset mode, thus creating slightly faster code. Because of the advantages |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2353 of this optimization, it is enabled by default.</P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2354 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2355 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2356 >cescapes</DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2357 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2358 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2359 >This pragma will cause strings in the FCC, FCS, and FCN pseudo operations to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2360 have C-style escape sequences interpreted. The one departure from the official |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2361 spec is that unrecognized escape sequences will return either the character |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2362 immediately following the backslash or some undefined value. Do not rely |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2363 on the behaviour of undefined escape sequences.</P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2364 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2365 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2366 >importundefexport</DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2367 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2368 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2369 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2370 in force, it will cause the EXPORT directive to act as IMPORT if the symbol |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2371 to be exported is not defined. This is provided for compatibility with the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2372 output of gcc6809 and should not be used in hand written code. Because of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2373 the confusion this pragma can cause, it is disabled by default.</P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2374 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2375 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2376 >undefextern</DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2377 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2378 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2379 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When in |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2380 force, if the assembler sees an undefined symbol on the second pass, it will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2381 automatically define it as an external symbol. This automatic definition will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2382 apply for the remainder of the assembly process, even if the pragma is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2383 subsequently turned off. Because this behaviour would be potentially surprising, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2384 this pragma defaults to off.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2385 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2386 >The primary use for this pragma is for projects that share a large number of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2387 symbols between source files. In such cases, it is impractical to enumerate |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2388 all the external references in every source file. This allows the assembler |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2389 and linker to do the heavy lifting while not preventing a particular source |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2390 module from defining a local symbol of the same name as an external symbol |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2391 if it does not need the external symbol. (This pragma will not cause an |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2392 automatic external definition if there is already a locally defined symbol.)</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2393 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2394 >This pragma will often be specified on the command line for large projects. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2395 However, depending on the specific dynamics of the project, it may be sufficient |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2396 for one or two files to use this pragma internally.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2397 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2398 ><DT |
253 | 2399 >export</DT |
2400 ><DD | |
2401 ><P | |
2402 >This pragma causes all symbols to be added to the export list | |
2403 automatically. This is useful when a large number of symbols need to be | |
2404 exported but you do not wish to include an EXPORT directive for all of them. | |
2405 This is often useful on the command line but might be useful even inline | |
2406 with the PRAGMA directive if a large number of symbols in a row are to be | |
2407 exported.</P | |
2408 ></DD | |
2409 ><DT | |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2410 >dollarlocal</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2411 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2412 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2413 >When set, a "$" in a symbol makes it local. When not set, "$" does not |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2414 cause a symbol to be local. It is set by default except when using the OS9 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2415 target.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2416 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2417 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2418 >dollarnotlocal</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2419 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2420 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2421 > This is the same as the "dollarlocal" pragma except its sense is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2422 reversed. That is, "dollarlocal" and "nodollarnotlocal" are equivalent and |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2423 "nodollarlocal" and "dollarnotlocal" are equivalent. </P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2424 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2425 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2426 >pcaspcr</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2427 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2428 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2429 > Normally, LWASM makes a distinction between PC and PCR in program |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2430 counter relative addressing. In particular, the use of PC means an absolute |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2431 offset from PC while PCR causes the assembler to calculate the offset to the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2432 specified operand and use that as the offset from PC. By setting this |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2433 pragma, you can have PC treated the same as PCR. </P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2434 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2435 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2436 >shadow</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2437 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2438 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2439 >When this pragma is in effect, it becomes possible to define a macro |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2440 that matches an internal operation code. Thus, it makes it possible to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2441 redefine either CPU instructions or pseudo operations. Because this feature |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2442 is of dubious utility, it is disabled by default.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2443 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2444 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2445 >nolist</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2446 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2447 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2448 >Lines where this pragma is in effect will not appear in the assembly |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2449 listing. Also, any symbols defined under this pragma will not show up in |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2450 the symbol list. This is most useful in include files to avoid spamming the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2451 assembly listing with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of irrelevant |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2452 symbols.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2453 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2454 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2455 >autobranchlength</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2456 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2457 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2458 >One of the perennial annoyances for 6809 programmers is that the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2459 mneumonics for the short and long branch instructions are different (bxx vs. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2460 lbxx), which is at odds with the rest of the instruction set. This pragma |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2461 is a solution to those annoying byte overflow errors that short branch |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2462 instructions tend to aquire.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2463 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2464 >When this pragma is in effect, which is not the default, whenever any |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2465 relative branch instruction is used, its size will be automatically |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2466 determined based on the actual distance to the destination. In other words, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2467 one can write code with long or short branches everywhere and the assembler |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2468 will choose a size for the branch.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2469 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2470 >Also, while this pragma is in effect, the > and < symbols can be used |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2471 to force the branch size, analogous to their use for other instructions with |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2472 < forcing 8 bit offsets and > forcing 16 bit offets.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2473 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2474 >Because this pragma leads to source that is incompatible with other |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2475 assemblers, it is strongly recommended that it be invoked using the PRAGMA |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2476 directive within the source code rather than on the command line or via the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2477 *PRAGMA directive. This way, an error will be raised if someone tries to |
231
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2478 assemble the code under a different assembler.</P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2479 ></DD |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2480 ><DT |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2481 >nosymbolcase, symbolnocase</DT |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2482 ><DD |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2483 ><P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2484 >Any symbol defined while this pragma is in force will be treated as |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2485 case insensitive, regardless whether the pragma is in force when the symbol |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2486 is referenced.</P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2487 ><P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2488 >It is important to note that this pragma will not work as expected in |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2489 all cases when using the object file assembly target. It is intended for |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2490 use only when the assembler will be producing the final binary.</P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2491 ></DD |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2492 ><DT |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2493 >condundefzero</DT |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2494 ><DD |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2495 ><P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2496 >This pragma will cause the assembler to change the way it handles |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2497 symbols in conditional expressions. Ordinarily, any symbol that is not |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2498 defined prior to the conditional will throw an undefined symbol error. With |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2499 this pragma in effect, symbols that are not yet defined at the point the |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2500 conditional is encountered will be treated as zero.</P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2501 ><P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2502 >This is not the default because it encourages poor code design. One |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2503 should use the "IFDEF" or "IFNDEF" conditionals to test for the presence of |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2504 a symbol.</P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2505 ><P |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2506 >It is important to note that if a symbol is defined but it does not |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2507 yet evaluate to a constant value at the point where the conditional appears, |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
168
diff
changeset
|
2508 the assembler will still complain about a non constant condition.</P |
153
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2509 ></DD |
347
330a66a0f45a
Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
345
diff
changeset
|
2510 ><DT |
330a66a0f45a
Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
345
diff
changeset
|
2511 >forwardrefmax</DT |
330a66a0f45a
Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
345
diff
changeset
|
2512 ><DD |
330a66a0f45a
Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
345
diff
changeset
|
2513 ><P |
330a66a0f45a
Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
345
diff
changeset
|
2514 >This pragma will disable forward reference optimization completely. |
330a66a0f45a
Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
345
diff
changeset
|
2515 Ordinarily, LWASM will attempt to select the shortest possible addressing |
330a66a0f45a
Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
345
diff
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|
2516 mode for forward references. However, in many source files, especially |
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2517 those not using the PCR relative addressing modes, this optimization is |
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2518 pointless since the assembler will almost certainly settle on a 16 bit |
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2519 offset or address. If all variables in the direct page are defined before |
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2520 the main body of the code, the benefit of forward reference optimization |
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2521 almost certainly vanishes completely. However, the cost of doing that |
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2522 optimization remains and can result in a very long assembly time.</P |
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2523 ><P |
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2524 >Enabling this pragma will cause all forward references to use the |
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2525 maximum offset or address size, much the same has EDTASM and other pure |
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2526 two pass assemblers do. The side effect is that all line lengths and |
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2527 symbol values are fully resolved after the initial parsing pass and the |
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2528 amount of work to resolve everything becomes almost nil.</P |
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2529 ><P |
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2530 >While this pragma can be applied selectively to sections of source |
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2531 code (use *PRAGMA if doing so and compatibility with other assemblers |
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2532 is desired), it is likely more useful when provided as a command line |
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2533 pragma.</P |
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2534 ><P |
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2535 >It should be noted that the presence or absence of this pragma |
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2536 will not change the correctness of the generated code unless cycle counts |
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2537 or byte counts are critical (which they usually are not). It also will |
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2538 not override the operand size override prefixes (< and >). It only |
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2539 applies when the assembler is left to guess what the operand size is.</P |
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2540 ></DD |
394
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2541 ><DT |
455 | 2542 >operandsizewarning</DT |
2543 ><DD | |
2544 ><P | |
2545 >Enabling this pragma will cause LWASM to show a warning when it | |
2546 detects that a smaller addressing mode could be used for an instruction. | |
2547 This is particularly useful for finding places where long branches are used | |
2548 where short branches could be used instead. It will also show the warnings | |
2549 for indexing offsets (regardless of whether the operand size is | |
2550 forced).</P | |
2551 ><P | |
2552 >As of LWASM 4.16, no other checks are performed.</P | |
2553 ></DD | |
2554 ><DT | |
394
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2555 >qrts</DT |
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2556 ><DD |
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2557 ><P |
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2558 > Enables the use of the ?RTS branch target. ?RTS is implemented to maintain |
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2559 compatibility with the MACRO-80c assembler. It works by searching backward |
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2560 in the code for an RTS instruction. If none is found, it inverts the branch |
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2561 logic and inserts an RTS following the branch instruction. Below you can |
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2562 see how a BMI (2B xx) has been assembled as a BPL *+1 (2A 01) to skip over an |
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2563 inserted RTS (39).</P |
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|
2564 ><PRE |
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|
2565 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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2566 >1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1 |
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2567 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS |
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2568 1D24 BD1D65 JSR INV</PRE |
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2569 ></DD |
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|
2570 ><DT |
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|
2571 >m80ext</DT |
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2572 ><DD |
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2573 ><P |
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2574 > This pragma (along with pragma qrts) enables some uncommon behaviors to |
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2575 accomodate The Micro Works MACRO-80c assembler from 1982. This assembler |
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2576 was used by a number of notable TRS-80 Color Computer applications and the |
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2577 goal of this pragma is to allow them to build identical binaries from |
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2578 unmodified, vintage source code.</P |
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|
2579 ><P |
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2580 > In m80ext mode, the handling of the "END" pseudo-op changes when used inside |
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2581 an include file. Instead of terminating all assembly, it merely stops |
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2582 processing of the current include file (this behavior matches the original |
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2583 Motorola 6809 assembler). In addition, loading an ASCII value with a single |
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2584 quote (e.g., LDA #'N) is extended to 16-bit registers (e.g., LDD #'NO). |
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2585 LWASM normally supports this via double quote and that is the proper use in |
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2586 modern code. Finally, the FCC pseudo-op is extended to handle FCB-like |
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2587 behavior after the closing delimiter:</P |
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2588 ><PRE |
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2589 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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2590 > FCC "Greetings from 1982",13,0</PRE |
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2591 ></DD |
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2592 ><DT |
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2593 >testmode</DT |
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2594 ><DD |
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2595 ><P |
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2596 > This pragma is intended for internal testing purposes. In testmode, the |
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2597 assembler searches for a specially-formatted comment starting with a |
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2598 semicolon followed by a period. Immediately afterward are a list of hex |
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2599 bytes that the assembler is expected to generate. Likewise, if the |
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2600 assembler is expected to throw an error or warning on a given line, you can |
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2601 check by specifying "E:" followed by the error number. In this case the |
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2602 error is ignored and the assembler continues ignoring the line in question. </P |
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|
2603 ><PRE |
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2604 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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2605 >1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1 ;.7d1d1d |
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2606 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS ;.2a0139 |
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2607 1D24 1D24 FDB * ;.1d24 |
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2608 1D26 xyz INV ;.E:32 (Error 32 is "Bad opcode")</PRE |
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|
2609 ></DD |
478
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|
2610 ><DT |
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|
2611 >emuext</DT |
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|
2612 ><DD |
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2613 ><P |
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2614 > This pragma enables two instructions useful when running code in compatible |
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2615 emulators. Break breaks into the debugger. Log writes printf-style |
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2616 output to the debug window </P |
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|
2617 ><PRE |
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|
2618 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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2619 > LOG ; log output |
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2620 FDB FSTR ; pointer to format string |
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2621 FDB PX1 ; 16 bit pointer to 16 bit value |
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2622 FDB PY1 ; 16 bit pointer to 8 bit value (see format string!) |
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2623 FDB PX2 ; 16 bit pointer to 16 bit value |
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2624 FDB PY2 ; 16 bit pointer to 8 bit value |
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2625 ; execution continues here ... |
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2626 RTS |
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|
2627 |
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2628 ; format string |
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2629 FSTR FCC "%hu,%hhu - %hu,%hhu" |
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2630 FCB 10,0</PRE |
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2631 ></DD |
153
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2632 ></DL |
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2633 ></DIV |
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2634 ><P |
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2635 >As a convenience, each input file has a pragma state stack. This |
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2636 allows, through the use of *PRAGMAPUSH and *PRAGMAPOP, a file to change a |
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2637 pragma state and then restore it to the precise state it had previously. |
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2638 If, at the end of an input file, all pragma states have not been popped, |
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2639 they will be removed from the stack. Thus, it is critical to employ |
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2640 *PRAGMAPOP correctly. Because each input file has its own pragma stack, |
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2641 using *PRAGMAPUSH in one file and *PRAGMAPOP in another file will not |
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2642 work.</P |
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2643 ><P |
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2644 >Pragma stacks are more useful in include files, in particular in |
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2645 conjunction with the nolist pragma. One can push the state of the nolist |
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2646 pragma, engage the nolist pragma, and then pop the state of the nolist |
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2647 pragma at the end of the include file. This will cause the entire include |
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2648 file to operate under the nolist pragma. However, if the file is included |
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2649 while nolist is already engaged, it will not undo that state.</P |
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2650 ></DIV |
394
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2651 ><DIV |
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2652 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2653 ><HR><H2 |
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2654 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2655 ><A |
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2656 NAME="CONVINST" |
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2657 >3.11. Convenience Instructions</A |
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2658 ></H2 |
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2659 ><P |
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2660 > Similar to the 6800 compatibility instructions (pragma 6800compat) these |
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2661 pragma 6809conv and pragma 6309conv enable convenience extensions to the |
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2662 6809 and 6309 instruction set. Originally intended for compatibility with |
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2663 the MACRO-80c assembler, these have proven useful in large codebases that |
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2664 target both the 6809 and the 6309.</P |
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2665 ><P |
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2666 > The 6809 extensions are straightforward with the exception of "TSTD" which |
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2667 assembles as "STD -2,S". A benefit of using these is they will "just work" |
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2668 and take on their 6309 equivalent when you enable 6309 assembly mode. |
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2669 Supported instructions: ASRD, CLRD, COMD, LSLD, LSRD, NEGD, TSTD.</P |
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2670 ><P |
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2671 > 6309 extensions are based on common patterns described by Chris Burke and |
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2672 Darren Atkinson in their 6309 documentation and include the following |
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2673 instructions: ASRQ, CLRQ, COMQ, LSLE, LSLF, LSLQ, LSRQ, NEGE, |
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2674 NEGF, NEGW, NEGQ, TSTQ.</P |
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2675 ></DIV |
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2676 ><DIV |
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2677 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2678 ><HR><H2 |
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2679 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2680 ><A |
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2681 NAME="AEN821" |
394
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2682 >3.12. Cycle Counts</A |
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2683 ></H2 |
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2684 ><P |
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2685 > The following options for displaying cycle counts in listings are provided. |
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2686 These options are enabled from pragmas on the command line or in the |
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2687 assembly files themselves. For compatibility with other assemblers you can |
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2688 use the "OPT" keyword in addition to "PRAGMA."</P |
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2689 ><PRE |
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2690 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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2691 >opt c - enable cycle counts: [8] |
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2692 opt cd - enable detailed cycle counts breaking down addressing modes: [5+3] |
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2693 opt ct - show a running subtotal of cycles |
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2694 opt cc - clear the running subtotal</PRE |
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2695 ><P |
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2696 > The assembler supports both 6809 as well as native-mode 6309 cycle counts. |
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2697 In 6309 mode the counts are displayed in parenthesis instead of brackets. |
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2698 In addition, some operations have a variable cycle count. In this case a |
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2699 "+?" is displayed to alert the reader. Sample output is shown below.</P |
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2700 ><PRE |
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2701 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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2702 >266f 7d25e2 (window.asm):00313 [7] 7 move tst putflg |
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2703 2672 2602 (window.asm):00314 [5] 12 bne a@ |
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2704 2674 1e13 (window.asm):00315 [8] 20 exg x,u |
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2705 2676 0dd6 (window.asm):00316 [6] 26 a@ tst is6309 |
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2706 2678 2618 (window.asm):00317 [5] 31 bne exit@ |
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2707 (window.asm):00318 opt 6309 |
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2708 267a 10860085 (window.asm):00319 (4) 35 b@ ldw #133 |
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2709 267e 113813 (window.asm):00320 (6+?) 41 tfm x+,u+ |
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2710 2681 30881b (window.asm):00321 (4+1) 46 leax 27,x |
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2711 2684 33c81b (window.asm):00322 (4+1) 51 leau 27,u |
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2712 2687 4a (window.asm):00323 (1) 52 deca |
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2713 2688 26f0 (window.asm):00324 (5) 57 bne b@</PRE |
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2714 ></DIV |
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2715 ></DIV |
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2716 ><DIV |
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2717 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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2718 ><HR><H1 |
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2719 ><A |
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2720 NAME="AEN827" |
153
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2721 ></A |
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2722 >Chapter 4. LWLINK</H1 |
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2723 ><P |
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2724 >The LWTOOLS linker is called LWLINK. This chapter documents the various features |
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2725 of the linker.</P |
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2726 ><DIV |
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2727 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2728 ><HR><H2 |
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2729 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2730 ><A |
489
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2731 NAME="AEN830" |
153
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2732 >4.1. Command Line Options</A |
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2733 ></H2 |
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2734 ><P |
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2735 >The binary for LWLINK is called "lwlink". Note that the binary is in lower |
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2736 case. lwlink takes the following command line arguments.</P |
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2737 ><P |
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2738 ></P |
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2739 ><DIV |
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2740 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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2741 ><DL |
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2742 ><DT |
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2743 ><CODE |
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2744 CLASS="OPTION" |
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2745 >--decb</CODE |
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2746 >, <CODE |
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2747 CLASS="OPTION" |
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2748 >-b</CODE |
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2749 ></DT |
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2750 ><DD |
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2751 ><P |
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2752 >Selects the DECB output format target. This is equivalent to <CODE |
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|
2753 CLASS="OPTION" |
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2754 >--format=decb</CODE |
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2755 ></P |
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2756 ></DD |
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2757 ><DT |
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2758 ><CODE |
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2759 CLASS="OPTION" |
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2760 >--output=FILE</CODE |
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2761 >, <CODE |
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2762 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2763 >-o FILE</CODE |
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2764 ></DT |
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2765 ><DD |
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|
2766 ><P |
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|
2767 >This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the |
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|
2768 default is <CODE |
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|
2769 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2770 >a.out</CODE |
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|
2771 >.</P |
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|
2772 ></DD |
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|
2773 ><DT |
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|
2774 ><CODE |
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|
2775 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2776 >--format=TYPE</CODE |
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|
2777 >, <CODE |
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|
2778 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2779 >-f TYPE</CODE |
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|
2780 ></DT |
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|
2781 ><DD |
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2782 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2783 >This option specifies the output format. Valid values are <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2784 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2785 >decb</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2786 > |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2787 and <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2788 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2789 >raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2790 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2791 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2792 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2793 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2794 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2795 >--raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2796 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2797 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2798 >-r</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2799 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2800 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2801 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2802 >This option specifies the raw output format. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2803 It is equivalent to <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2804 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2805 >--format=raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2806 > |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2807 and <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2808 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2809 >-f raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2810 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2811 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2812 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2813 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2814 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2815 >--script=FILE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2816 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2817 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2818 >-s</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2819 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2820 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2821 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2822 >This option allows specifying a linking script to override the linker's |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2823 built in defaults.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2824 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2825 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2826 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2827 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2828 >--section-base=SECT=BASE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2829 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2830 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2831 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2832 >Cause section SECT to load at base address BASE. This will be prepended |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2833 to the built-in link script. It is ignored if a link script is provided.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2834 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2835 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2836 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2837 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2838 >--map=FILE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2839 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2840 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2841 >-m FILE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2842 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2843 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2844 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2845 >This will output a description of the link result to FILE.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2846 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2847 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2848 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2849 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2850 >--library=LIBSPEC</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2851 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2852 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2853 >-l LIBSPEC</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2854 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2855 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2856 ><P |
451 | 2857 >Load a library using the library search path. If LIBSPEC is prefixed with a |
2858 colon (":"), then LIBSPEC is the precise filename to be searched for in the | |
2859 library path. Otherwise, LIBSPEC will have "lib" prepended and ".a" appended.</P | |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2860 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2861 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2862 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2863 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2864 >--library-path=DIR</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2865 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2866 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2867 >-L DIR</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2868 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2869 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2870 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2871 >Add DIR to the library search path.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2872 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2873 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2874 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2875 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2876 >--debug</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2877 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2878 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2879 >-d</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2880 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2881 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2882 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2883 >This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2884 developers.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2885 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2886 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2887 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2888 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2889 >--help</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2890 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2891 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2892 >-?</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2893 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2894 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2895 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2896 >This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2897 of each.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2898 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2899 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2900 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2901 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2902 >--usage</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2903 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2904 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2905 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2906 >This will display a usage summary |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2907 of each command line option.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2908 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2909 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2910 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2911 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2912 >--version</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2913 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2914 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2915 >-V</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2916 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2917 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2918 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2919 >This will display the version of LWLINK.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2920 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2921 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2922 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2923 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2924 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2925 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2926 ><HR><H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2927 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2928 ><A |
489
52af0aa54fe5
Update html and pdf documentation in preparation for release
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
478
diff
changeset
|
2929 NAME="AEN927" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2930 >4.2. Linker Operation</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2931 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2932 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2933 > LWLINK takes one or more files in supported input formats and links them |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2934 into a single binary. Currently supported formats are the LWTOOLS object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2935 file format and the archive format used by LWAR. While the precise method is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2936 slightly different, linking can be conceptualized as the following steps. </P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2937 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2938 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2939 ><OL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2940 TYPE="1" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2941 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2942 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2943 >First, the linker loads a linking script. If no script is specified, it |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2944 loads a built-in default script based on the output format selected. This |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2945 script tells the linker how to lay out the various sections in the final |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2946 binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2947 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2948 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2949 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2950 >Next, the linker reads all the input files into memory. At this time, it |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2951 flags any format errors in those files. It constructs a table of symbols |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2952 for each object at this time.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2953 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2954 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2955 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2956 >The linker then proceeds with organizing the sections loaded from each file |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2957 according to the linking script. As it does so, it is able to assign addresses |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2958 to each symbol defined in each object file. At this time, the linker may |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2959 also collapse different instances of the same section name into a single |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2960 section by appending the data from each subsequent instance of the section |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2961 to the first instance of the section.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2962 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2963 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2964 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2965 >Next, the linker looks through every object file for every incomplete reference. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2966 It then attempts to fully resolve that reference. If it cannot do so, it |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2967 throws an error. Once a reference is resolved, the value is placed into |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2968 the binary code at the specified section. It should be noted that an |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2969 incomplete reference can reference either a symbol internal to the object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2970 file or an external symbol which is in the export list of another object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2971 file.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2972 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2973 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2974 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2975 >If all of the above steps are successful, the linker opens the output file |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2976 and actually constructs the binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2977 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2978 ></OL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2979 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2980 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2981 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2982 ><HR><H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2983 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2984 ><A |
489
52af0aa54fe5
Update html and pdf documentation in preparation for release
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
478
diff
changeset
|
2985 NAME="AEN941" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2986 >4.3. Linking Scripts</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2987 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2988 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2989 >A linker script is used to instruct the linker about how to assemble the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2990 various sections into a completed binary. It consists of a series of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2991 directives which are considered in the order they are encountered.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2992 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2993 >The sections will appear in the resulting binary in the order they are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2994 specified in the script file. If a referenced section is not found, the linker will behave as though the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2995 section did exist but had a zero size, no relocations, and no exports. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2996 A section should only be referenced once. Any subsequent references will have |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2997 an undefined effect.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2998 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2999 >All numbers are in linking scripts are specified in hexadecimal. All directives |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3000 are case sensitive although the hexadecimal numbers are not.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3001 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3002 >A section name can be specified as a "*", then any section not |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3003 already matched by the script will be matched. The "*" can be followed |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3004 by a comma and a flag to narrow the section down slightly, also. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3005 If the flag is "!bss", then any section that is not flagged as a bss section |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3006 will be matched. If the flag is "bss", then any section that is flagged as |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3007 bss will be matched.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3008 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3009 >The following directives are understood in a linker script.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3010 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3011 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3012 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3013 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3014 ><DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3015 ><DT |
236
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3016 >sectopt <CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3017 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3018 >section</CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3019 > padafter <CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3020 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3021 >byte,...</CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3022 ></DT |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3023 ><DD |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3024 ><P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3025 > This will cause the linker to append the specified list of byte values |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3026 (specified in hexadecimal separated by commas) to the end of the named |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3027 section. This is done once all instances of the specified section are |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3028 collected together. This has no effect if the specified section does not |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3029 appear anywhere in any of the objects specified for linking. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3030 ><P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3031 > If code depends on the presence of this padding somewhere, it is sufficient |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3032 to include an empty section of the specified name in the object that depends |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3033 on it. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3034 ></DD |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3035 ><DT |
234
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3036 >define basesympat <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3037 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3038 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3039 ></DT |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3040 ><DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3041 ><P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3042 > This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate base address of |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3043 each section using the pattern specified by <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3044 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3045 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3046 >. |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3047 In the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3048 section name. The base address is calculated after all instances of each |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3049 section have been collapsed together. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3050 ><P |
236
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3051 > It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3052 particular section name, there will be no base symbol defined for it, even |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3053 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3054 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3055 the specified name in the object that depends on it. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3056 ><P |
234
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3057 > If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3058 sections, the results are undefined. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3059 ></DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3060 ><DT |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3061 >define lensympat <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3062 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3063 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3064 ></DT |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3065 ><DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3066 ><P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3067 > This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate length of each |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3068 section using the pattern specified by <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3069 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3070 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3071 >. In |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3072 the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the section |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3073 name. The length is calculated after all instances of a section have been |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3074 collapsed together. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3075 ><P |
236
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3076 > It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3077 particular section name, there will be no length symbol defined for it, even |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3078 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3079 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3080 the specified name in the object that depends on it. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
3081 ><P |
234
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3082 >If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3083 sections, the results are undefined. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3084 ></DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
3085 ><DT |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3086 >section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3087 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3088 >name</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3089 > load <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3090 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3091 >addr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3092 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3093 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3094 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3095 > This causes the section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3096 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3097 >name</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3098 > to load at |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3099 <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3100 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3101 >addr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3102 >. For the raw target, only one "load at" entry is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3103 allowed for non-bss sections and it must be the first one. For raw targets, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3104 it affects the addresses the linker assigns to symbols but has no other |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3105 affect on the output. bss sections may all have separate load addresses but |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3106 since they will not appear in the binary anyway, this is okay.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3107 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3108 >For the decb target, each "load" entry will cause a new "block" to be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3109 output to the binary which will contain the load address. It is legal for |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3110 sections to overlap in this manner - the linker assumes the loader will sort |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3111 everything out.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3112 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3113 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3114 >section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3115 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3116 >name</CODE |
316
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3117 > high <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3118 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3119 >addr</CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3120 ></DT |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3121 ><DD |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3122 ><P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3123 > This causes the section <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3124 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3125 >name</CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3126 > to load with its end |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3127 address just below <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3128 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3129 >addr</CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3130 >. Subsequent sections are |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3131 loaded at progressively lower addresses. This may lead to inefficient file |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3132 encoding for some targets. As of this writing, it will also almost |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3133 certainly do the wrong thing for a raw target. </P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3134 ><P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3135 > This is useful for aligning a block of code with high memory. As an |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3136 example, if the total size of a section is $100 bytes and a high address of |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3137 $FE00 is specified, the section will actually load at $FD00. </P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3138 ></DD |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3139 ><DT |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3140 >section <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3141 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
3142 >name</CODE |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3143 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3144 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3145 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3146 > This will cause the section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3147 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3148 >name</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3149 > to load after the previously listed |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3150 section.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3151 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3152 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3153 >entry <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3154 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3155 >addr or sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3156 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3157 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3158 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3159 >This will cause the execution address (entry point) to be the address |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3160 specified (in hex) or the specified symbol name. The symbol name must |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3161 match a symbol that is exported by one of the object files being linked. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3162 This has no effect for targets that do not encode the entry point into the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3163 resulting file. If not specified, the entry point is assumed to be address 0 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3164 which is probably not what you want. The default link scripts for targets |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3165 that support this directive automatically starts at the beginning of the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3166 first section (usually "init" or "code") that is emitted in the binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3167 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3168 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3169 >pad <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3170 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3171 >size</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3172 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3173 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3174 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3175 >This will cause the output file to be padded with NUL bytes to be exactly |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3176 <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3177 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3178 >size</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3179 > bytes in length. This only makes sense for a raw target.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3180 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3181 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3182 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3183 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3184 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3185 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3186 ><HR><H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3187 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3188 ><A |
489
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Update html and pdf documentation in preparation for release
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
3189 NAME="AEN1007" |
153
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parents:
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|
3190 >4.4. Format Specific Linking Notes</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3191 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3192 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3193 >Some formats require special information to be able to generate actual |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3194 binaries. If the specific format you are interested in is not listed in |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3195 this section, then there is nothing special you need to know about to create |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3196 a final binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3197 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
3198 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3199 ><HR><H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3200 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3201 ><A |
489
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
3202 NAME="AEN1010" |
153
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|
3203 >4.4.1. OS9 Modules</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
3204 ></H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3205 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3206 >OS9 modules need to embed several items into the module header. These |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3207 items are the type of module, the langauge of the module, the module |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3208 attributes, the module revision number, the data size (bss), and the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3209 execution offset. These are all either calculated or default to reasonable |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3210 values.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3211 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3212 >The data size is calcuated as the sum of all sections named "bss" or |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3213 ".bss" in all object files that are linked together.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3214 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3215 >The execution offset is calculated from the address of the special |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3216 symbol "__start" which must be an exported (external) symbol in one of the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3217 objects to be linked.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3218 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3219 >The type defaults to "Prgrm" or "Program module". The language |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3220 defaults to "Objct" or "6809 object code". Attributes default to enabling |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3221 the re-entrant flag. And finally, the revision defaults to zero.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3222 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3223 >The embedded module name is the output filename. If the output |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3224 filename includes more than just the filename, this will probably not be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3225 what you want.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3226 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3227 >The type, language, attributes, revision, and module name can all be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3228 overridden by providing a special section in exactly one of the object files |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3229 to be linked. This section is called "__os9" (note the two underscores). |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3230 To override the type, language, attributes, or revision values, define a |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3231 non-exported symbol in this section called "type", "lang", "attr", or "rev" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3232 respectively. Any other symbols defined are ignored. To override the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3233 module name, include as the only actual code in the section a NUL terminated |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3234 string (the FCN directive is useful for this). If there is no code in the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3235 section or it beings with a NUL, the default name will be used. Any of the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3236 preceeding that are not defined in the special section will retain their |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3237 default values.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3238 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3239 >The built-in link script for OS9 modules will place the following |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3240 sections, in order, in the module: "code", ".text", "data", ".data". It |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3241 will merge all sections with the name "bss" or ".bss" into the "data" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3242 section. All other section names are ignored. What this means is that you |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3243 must define your data variables in the a section called "bss" or ".bss" even |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3244 though you will be refencing them all as offsets from U. This does have the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3245 unpleasant side effect that all BSS references will end up being 16 bit |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3246 offsets because the assembler cannot know what the offset will be once the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3247 linker is finished its work. Thus, if the tightest possible code is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3248 required, having LWASM directly output the module is a better choice.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3249 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3250 >While the built-in link script is probably sufficient for most |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3251 purposes, you can provide your own script. If you provide a custom link |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3252 script, you must start your code and data sections at location 000D to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3253 accommodate the module header. Otherwise, you will have an incorrect |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3254 location for the execution offset. You must use the ENTRY directive in the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3255 script to define the entry point for the module.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3256 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3257 >It should also be obvious from the above that you cannot mix the bss |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3258 (rmb) definitions with the module code when linking separately. Those |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3259 familiar with typical module creation will probably find this an unpleasant |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3260 difference but it is unavoidable.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3261 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3262 >It should also be noted that direct page references should also be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3263 avoided because you cannot know ahead of time whether the linker is going to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3264 end up putting a particular variable in the first 256 bytes of the module's |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3265 data space. If, however, you know for certain you will have less than 256 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3266 bytes of defined data space across all of the object files that will be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3267 linked, you can instead use forced DP addressing for your data addresses |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3268 instead of the ,u notation. When linking with 3rd party libraries, this |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3269 practice should be avoided. Also, when creating libraries, always use the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3270 offset from U technique.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3271 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3272 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3273 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3274 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3275 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3276 ><HR><H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3277 ><A |
489
52af0aa54fe5
Update html and pdf documentation in preparation for release
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
478
diff
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|
3278 NAME="AEN1022" |
153
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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diff
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|
3279 ></A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3280 >Chapter 5. Libraries and LWAR</H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3281 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3282 >LWTOOLS also includes a tool for managing libraries. These are analogous to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3283 the static libraries created with the "ar" tool on POSIX systems. Each library |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3284 file contains one or more object files. The linker will treat the object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3285 files within a library as though they had been specified individually on |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3286 the command line except when resolving external references. External references |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3287 are looked up first within the object files within the library and then, if |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3288 not found, the usual lookup based on the order the files are specified on |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3289 the command line occurs.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3290 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3291 >The tool for creating these libary files is called LWAR.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3292 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3293 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3294 ><HR><H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3295 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3296 ><A |
489
52af0aa54fe5
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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478
diff
changeset
|
3297 NAME="AEN1026" |
153
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
3298 >5.1. Command Line Options</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3299 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3300 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3301 >The binary for LWAR is called "lwar". Note that the binary is in lower |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3302 case. The options lwar understands are listed below. For archive manipulation |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3303 options, the first non-option argument is the name of the archive. All other |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3304 non-option arguments are the names of files to operate on.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3305 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3306 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3307 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3308 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3309 ><DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3310 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3311 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3312 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3313 >--add</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3314 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3315 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3316 >-a</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3317 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3318 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3319 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3320 >This option specifies that an archive is going to have files added to it. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3321 If the archive does not already exist, it is created. New files are added |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3322 to the end of the archive.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3323 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3324 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3325 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3326 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3327 >--create</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3328 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3329 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3330 >-c</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3331 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3332 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3333 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3334 >This option specifies that an archive is going to be created and have files |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3335 added to it. If the archive already exists, it is truncated.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3336 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3337 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3338 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3339 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3340 >--merge</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3341 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3342 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3343 >-m</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3344 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3345 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3346 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3347 >If specified, any files specified to be added to an archive will be checked |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3348 to see if they are archives themselves. If so, their constituent members are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3349 added to the archive. This is useful for avoiding archives containing archives.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3350 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3351 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3352 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3353 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3354 >--list</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3355 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3356 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3357 >-l</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3358 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3359 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3360 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3361 >This will display a list of the files contained in the archive.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3362 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3363 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3364 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3365 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3366 >--debug</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3367 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3368 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3369 >-d</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3370 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3371 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3372 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3373 >This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3374 developers.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3375 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3376 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3377 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3378 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3379 >--help</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3380 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3381 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3382 >-?</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3383 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3384 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3385 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3386 >This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3387 of each.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3388 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3389 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3390 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3391 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3392 >--usage</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3393 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3394 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3395 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3396 >This will display a usage summary |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3397 of each command line option.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3398 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3399 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3400 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3401 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3402 >--version</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3403 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3404 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3405 >-V</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3406 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3407 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3408 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3409 >This will display the version of LWLINK. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3410 of each.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3411 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3412 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3413 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3414 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3415 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3416 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3417 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3418 ><HR><H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3419 ><A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3420 NAME="OBJCHAP" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3421 ></A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3422 >Chapter 6. Object Files</H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3423 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3424 >LWTOOLS uses a proprietary object file format. It is proprietary in the sense |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3425 that it is specific to LWTOOLS, not that it is a hidden format. It would be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3426 hard to keep it hidden in an open source tool chain anyway. This chapter |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3427 documents the object file format.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3428 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3429 >An object file consists of a series of sections each of which contains a |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3430 list of exported symbols, a list of incomplete references, and a list of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3431 "local" symbols which may be used in calculating incomplete references. Each |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3432 section will obviously also contain the object code.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3433 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3434 >Exported symbols must be completely resolved to an address within the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3435 section it is exported from. That is, an exported symbol must be a constant |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3436 rather than defined in terms of other symbols.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3437 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3438 >Each object file starts with a magic number and version number. The magic |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3439 number is the string "LWOBJ16" for this 16 bit object file format. The only |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3440 defined version number is currently 0. Thus, the first 8 bytes of the object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3441 file are <FONT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3442 COLOR="RED" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3443 >4C574F424A313600</FONT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3444 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3445 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3446 >Each section has the following items in order:</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3447 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3448 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3449 ><UL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3450 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3451 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3452 >section name</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3453 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3454 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3455 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3456 >flags</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3457 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3458 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3459 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3460 >list of local symbols (and addresses within the section)</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3461 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3462 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3463 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3464 >list of exported symbols (and addresses within the section)</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3465 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3466 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3467 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3468 >list of incomplete references along with the expressions to calculate them</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3469 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3470 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3471 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3472 >the actual object code (for non-BSS sections)</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3473 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3474 ></UL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3475 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3476 >The section starts with the name of the section with a NUL termination |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3477 followed by a series of flag bytes terminated by NUL. There are only two |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3478 flag bytes defined. A NUL (0) indicates no more flags and a value of 1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3479 indicates the section is a BSS section. For a BSS section, no actual |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3480 code is included in the object file.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3481 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3482 >Either a NULL section name or end of file indicate the presence of no more |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3483 sections.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3484 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3485 >Each entry in the exported and local symbols table consists of the symbol |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3486 (NUL terminated) followed by two bytes which contain the value in big endian |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3487 order. The end of a symbol table is indicated by a NULL symbol name.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3488 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3489 >Each entry in the incomplete references table consists of an expression |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3490 followed by a 16 bit offset where the reference goes. Expressions are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3491 defined as a series of terms up to an "end of expression" term. Each term |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3492 consists of a single byte which identifies the type of term (see below) |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3493 followed by any data required by the term. Then end of the list is flagged |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3494 by a NULL expression (only an end of expression term).</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3495 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3496 CLASS="TABLE" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3497 ><A |
489
52af0aa54fe5
Update html and pdf documentation in preparation for release
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
478
diff
changeset
|
3498 NAME="AEN1109" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3499 ></A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3500 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3501 ><B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3502 >Table 6-1. Object File Term Types</B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3503 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3504 ><TABLE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3505 BORDER="1" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3506 FRAME="border" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3507 CLASS="CALSTABLE" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3508 ><COL><COL><THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3509 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3510 ><TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3511 >TERMTYPE</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3512 ><TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3513 >Meaning</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3514 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3515 ></THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3516 ><TBODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3517 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3518 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3519 >00</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3520 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3521 >end of expression</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3522 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3523 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3524 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3525 >01</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3526 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3527 >integer (16 bit in big endian order follows)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3528 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3529 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3530 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3531 >02</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3532 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3533 > external symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3534 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3535 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3536 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3537 >03</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3538 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3539 >local symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3540 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3541 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3542 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3543 >04</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3544 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3545 >operator (1 byte operator number)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3546 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3547 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3548 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3549 >05</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3550 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3551 >section base address reference</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3552 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3553 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3554 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3555 >FF</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3556 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3557 >This term will set flags for the expression. Each one of these terms will set a single flag. All of them should be specified first in an expression. If they are not, the behaviour is undefined. The byte following is the flag. Flag 01 indicates an 8 bit relocation. Flag 02 indicates a zero-width relocation (see the EXTDEP pseudo op in LWASM).</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3558 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3559 ></TBODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3560 ></TABLE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3561 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3562 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3563 >External references are resolved using other object files while local |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3564 references are resolved using the local symbol table(s) from this file. This |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3565 allows local symbols that are not exported to have the same names as |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3566 exported symbols or external references.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3567 ><DIV |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3568 CLASS="TABLE" |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3569 ><A |
489
52af0aa54fe5
Update html and pdf documentation in preparation for release
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
478
diff
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|
3570 NAME="AEN1139" |
153
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parents:
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|
3571 ></A |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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changeset
|
3572 ><P |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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changeset
|
3573 ><B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
3574 >Table 6-2. Object File Operator Numbers</B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3575 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
3576 ><TABLE |
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parents:
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|
3577 BORDER="1" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3578 FRAME="border" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
3579 CLASS="CALSTABLE" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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changeset
|
3580 ><COL><COL><THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
3581 ><TR |
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parents:
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|
3582 ><TH |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
3583 >Number</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
3584 ><TH |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
3585 >Operator</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
3586 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3587 ></THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3588 ><TBODY |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3589 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
3590 ><TD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
3591 >01</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3592 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3593 >addition (+)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3594 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3595 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3596 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3597 >02</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3598 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3599 >subtraction (-)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3600 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3601 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3602 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3603 >03</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3604 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3605 >multiplication (*)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3606 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3607 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3608 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3609 >04</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3610 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3611 >division (/)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3612 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3613 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3614 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3615 >05</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3616 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3617 >modulus (%)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3618 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3619 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3620 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3621 >06</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3622 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3623 >integer division (\) (same as division)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3624 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3625 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3626 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3627 >07</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3628 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3629 >bitwise and</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3630 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3631 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3632 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3633 >08</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3634 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3635 >bitwise or</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3636 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3637 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3638 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3639 >09</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3640 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3641 >bitwise xor</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3642 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3643 ><TR |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3644 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3645 >0A</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3646 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3647 >boolean and</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3648 ></TR |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3649 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3650 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3651 >0B</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3652 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3653 >boolean or</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3654 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3655 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3656 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3657 >0C</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3658 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3659 >unary negation, 2's complement (-)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3660 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3661 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3662 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3663 >0D</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3664 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3665 >unary 1's complement (^)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3666 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3667 ></TBODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3668 ></TABLE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3669 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3670 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
3671 >An expression is represented in a postfix manner with both operands for |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3672 binary operators preceding the operator and the single operand for unary |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3673 operators preceding the operator.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3674 ></DIV |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3675 ></DIV |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3676 ></BODY |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3677 ></HTML |
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parents:
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|
3678 > |