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Allow os9 directive in object target
author lost@l-w.ca
date Fri, 26 Aug 2011 23:36:13 -0600
parents 42a7a16a058f
children a26b045c4e18
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1 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN">
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2 <book>
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3 <bookinfo>
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4 <title>LW Tool Chain</title>
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5 <author><firstname>William</firstname><surname>Astle</surname></author>
120
d90ab253471e Bumped copyright year on manual
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6 <copyright><year>2009-2011</year><holder>William Astle</holder></copyright>
0
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7 </bookinfo>
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8 <chapter>
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9
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10 <title>Introduction</title>
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11
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12 <para>
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13 The LW tool chain provides utilities for building binaries for MC6809 and
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14 HD6309 CPUs. The tool chain includes a cross-assembler and a cross-linker
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15 which support several styles of output.
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16 </para>
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17
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18 <section>
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19 <title>History</title>
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20 <para>
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21 For a long time, I have had an interest in creating an operating system for
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22 the Coco3. I finally started working on that project around the beginning of
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23 2006. I had a number of assemblers I could choose from. Eventually, I settled
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24 on one and started tinkering. After a while, I realized that assembler was not
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25 going to be sufficient due to lack of macros and issues with forward references.
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26 Then I tried another which handled forward references correctly but still did
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27 not support macros. I looked around at other assemblers and they all lacked
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28 one feature or another that I really wanted for creating my operating system.
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29 </para>
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30
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31 <para>
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32 The solution seemed clear at that point. I am a fair programmer so I figured
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33 I could write an assembler that would do everything I wanted an assembler to
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34 do. Thus the LWASM probject was born. After more than two years of on and off
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35 work, version 1.0 of LWASM was released in October of 2008.
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36 </para>
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37
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38 <para>
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39 As the aforementioned operating system project progressed further, it became
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40 clear that while assembling the whole project through a single file was doable,
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41 it was not practical. When I found myself playing some fancy games with macros
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42 in a bid to simulate sections, I realized I needed a means of assembling
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43 source files separately and linking them later. This spawned a major development
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44 effort to add an object file support to LWASM. It also spawned the LWLINK
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45 project to provide a means to actually link the files.
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46 </para>
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47
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48 </section>
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49
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50 </chapter>
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51
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52 <chapter>
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53 <title>Output Formats</title>
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54
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55 <para>
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56 The LW tool chain supports multiple output formats. Each format has its
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57 advantages and disadvantages. Each format is described below.
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58 </para>
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59
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60 <section>
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61 <title>Raw Binaries</title>
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62 <para>
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63 A raw binary is simply a string of bytes. There are no headers or other
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64 niceties. Both LWLINK and LWASM support generating raw binaries. ORG directives
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65 in the source code only serve to set the addresses that will be used for
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66 symbols but otherwise have no direct impact on the resulting binary.
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67 </para>
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68
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69 </section>
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70 <section>
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71 <title>DECB Binaries</title>
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72
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73 <para>A DECB binary is compatible with the LOADM command in Disk Extended
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74 Color Basic on the CoCo. They are also compatible with CLOADM from Extended
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75 Color Basic. These binaries include the load address of the binary as well
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76 as encoding an execution address. These binaries may contain multiple loadable
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77 sections, each of which has its own load address.</para>
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78
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79 <para>
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80 Each binary starts with a preamble. Each preamble is five bytes long. The
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81 first byte is zero. The next two bytes specify the number of bytes to load
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82 and the last two bytes specify the address to load the bytes at. Then, a
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83 string of bytes follows. After this string of bytes, there may be another
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84 preamble or a postamble. A postamble is also five bytes in length. The first
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85 byte of the postamble is $FF, the next two are zero, and the last two are
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86 the execution address for the binary.
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87 </para>
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88
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89 <para>
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90 Both LWASM and LWLINK can output this format.
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91 </para>
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92 </section>
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93
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94 <section>
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95 <title>OS9 Modules</title>
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96 <para>
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97
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98 Since version 2.5, LWASM is able to generate OS9 modules. The syntax is
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99 basically the same as for other assemblers. A module starts with the MOD
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100 directive and ends with the EMOD directive. The OS9 directive is provided
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101 as a shortcut for writing system calls.
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102
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103 </para>
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104
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105 <para>
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106
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107 LWASM does NOT provide an OS9Defs file. You must provide your own. Also note
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108 that the common practice of using "ifp1" around the inclusion of the OS9Defs
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109 file is discouraged as it is pointless and can lead to unintentional
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110 problems and phasing errors. Because LWASM reads each file exactly once,
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111 there is no benefit to restricting the inclusion to the first assembly pass.
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112
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113 </para>
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114
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115 <para>
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116
143
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117 As of version 4.5, LWASM also implements the standard data/code address
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118 streams for OS9 modules. That means that between MOD and EMOD, any RMB,
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119 RMD, RMQ, or equivalent directives will move the data address ahead and
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120 leave the code address unmodified. Outside of an actual module, both the
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121 code and data addresses are moved ahead equally. That last bit is critical
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122 to understand because it means any directives that follow an EMOD directive
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123 may have different results than other assemblers.
0
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124
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125 </para>
143
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126 <para>
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127
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128 Additionally, within a module body, the ORG directive sets only the data
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129 address, not the code address. However, outside a module body, ORG sets both
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130 addresses.
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131
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132 </para>
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133
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134 <para>
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135 Both code and data addresses are reset to 0 by the MOD directive.
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136 </para>
0
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137
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138 <para>
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139
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140 LWLINK does not, yet, have the ability to create OS9 modules from object
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141 files.
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142
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143 </para>
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144 </section>
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145
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146 <section>
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147 <title>Object Files</title>
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148 <para>LWASM supports generating a proprietary object file format which is
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149 described in <xref linkend="objchap">. LWLINK is then used to link these
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150 object files into a final binary in any of LWLINK's supported binary
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151 formats.</para>
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152
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153 <para>Object files also support the concept of sections which are not valid
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154 for other output types. This allows related code from each object file
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155 linked to be collapsed together in the final binary.</para>
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156
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157 <para>
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158 Object files are very flexible in that they allow references that are not
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159 known at assembly time to be resolved at link time. However, because the
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160 addresses of such references are not known at assembly time, there is no way
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161 for the assembler to deduce that an eight bit addressing mode is possible.
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162 That means the assember will default to using sixteen bit addressing
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163 whenever an external or cross-section reference is used.
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164 </para>
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165
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166 <para>
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167 As of LWASM 2.4, it is possible to force direct page addressing for an
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168 external reference. Care must be taken to ensure the resulting addresses
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169 are really in the direct page since the linker does not know what the direct
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170 page is supposed to be and does not emit errors for byte overflows.
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171 </para>
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172
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173 <para>
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174 It is also possible to use external references in an eight bit immediate
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175 mode instruction. In this case, only the low order eight bits will be used.
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176 Again, no byte overflows will be flagged.
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177 </para>
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178
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179
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180 </section>
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181
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182 </chapter>
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183
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184 <chapter>
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185 <title>LWASM</title>
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186 <para>
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187 The LWTOOLS assembler is called LWASM. This chapter documents the various
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188 features of the assembler. It is not, however, a tutorial on 6x09 assembly
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189 language programming.
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190 </para>
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191
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192 <section>
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193 <title>Command Line Options</title>
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194 <para>
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195 The binary for LWASM is called "lwasm". Note that the binary is in lower
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196 case. lwasm takes the following command line arguments.
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197 </para>
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198
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199 <variablelist>
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200
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201 <varlistentry>
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202 <term><option>--6309</option></term>
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203 <term><option>-3</option></term>
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204 <listitem>
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205 <para>
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206 This will cause the assembler to accept the additional instructions available
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207 on the 6309 processor. This is the default mode; this option is provided for
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208 completeness and to override preset command arguments.
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209 </para>
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210 </listitem>
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211 </varlistentry>
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212
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213 <varlistentry>
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214 <term><option>--6809</option></term>
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215 <term><option>-9</option></term>
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216 <listitem>
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217 <para>
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218 This will cause the assembler to reject instructions that are only available
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219 on the 6309 processor.
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220 </para>
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221 </listitem>
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222 </varlistentry>
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223
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224 <varlistentry>
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225 <term><option>--decb</option></term>
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226 <term><option>-b</option></term>
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227 <listitem>
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228 <para>
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229 Select the DECB output format target. Equivalent to <option>--format=decb</option>.
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230 </para>
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231 <para>While this is the default output format currently, it is not safe to rely
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232 on that fact. Future versions may have different defaults. It is also trivial
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233 to modify the source code to change the default. Thus, it is recommended to specify
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234 this option if you need DECB output.
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235 </listitem>
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236 </varlistentry>
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237
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238 <varlistentry>
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239 <term><option>--format=type</option></term>
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240 <term><option>-f type</option></term>
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241 <listitem>
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242 <para>
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243 Select the output format. Valid values are <option>obj</option> for the
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244 object file target, <option>decb</option> for the DECB LOADM format,
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245 <option>os9</option> for creating OS9 modules, and <option>raw</option> for
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246 a raw binary.
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247 </para>
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248 </listitem>
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249 </varlistentry>
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250
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251 <varlistentry>
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252 <term><option>--list[=file]</option></term>
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253 <term><option>-l[file]</option></term>
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254 <listitem>
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255 <para>
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256 Cause LWASM to generate a listing. If <option>file</option> is specified,
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257 the listing will go to that file. Otherwise it will go to the standard output
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258 stream. By default, no listing is generated. Unless <option>--symbols</option>
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259 is specified, the list will not include the symbol table.
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260 </para>
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261 </listitem>
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262 </varlistentry>
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263
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264 <varlistentry>
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265 <term><option>--symbols</option></term>
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266 <term><option>-s</option></term>
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267 <listitem>
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268 <para>
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269 Causes LWASM to generate a list of symbols when generating a listing.
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270 It has no effect unless a listing is being generated.
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271 </para>
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272 </listitem>
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273 </varlistentry>
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274
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275 <varlistentry>
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276 <term><option>--obj</option></term>
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277 <listitem>
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278 <para>
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279 Select the proprietary object file format as the output target.
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280 </para>
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281 </listitem>
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282 </varlistentry>
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283
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284 <varlistentry>
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285 <term><option>--output=FILE</option></term>
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286 <term><option>-o FILE</option></term>
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287 <listitem>
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288 <para>
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289 This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the
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290 default is <option>a.out</option>.
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291 </para>
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292 </listitem>
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293 </varlistentry>
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294
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295 <varlistentry>
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296 <term><option>--pragma=pragma</option></term>
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297 <term><option>-p pragma</option></term>
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298 <listitem>
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299 <para>
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300 Specify assembler pragmas. Multiple pragmas are separated by commas. The
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301 pragmas accepted are the same as for the PRAGMA assembler directive described
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302 below.
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303 </para>
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304 </listitem>
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305 </varlistentry>
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306
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307 <varlistentry>
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308 <term><option>--raw</option></term>
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309 <term><option>-r</option></term>
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310 <listitem>
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311 <para>
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312 Select raw binary as the output target.
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313 </para>
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314 </listitem>
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315 </varlistentry>
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316
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317 <varlistentry>
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318 <term><option>--includedir=path</option></term>
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319 <term><option>-I path</option></term>
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320 <listitem>
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321 <para>
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322 Add <option>path</option> to the end of the include path.
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323 </para>
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324 </listitem>
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325 </varlistentry>
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326
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327 <varlistentry>
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328 <term><option>--help</option></term>
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329 <term><option>-?</option></term>
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330 <listitem>
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331 <para>
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332 Present a help screen describing the command line options.
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333 </para>
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334 </listitem>
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335 </varlistentry>
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336
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337 <varlistentry>
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338 <term><option>--usage</option></term>
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339 <listitem>
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340 <para>
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341 Provide a summary of the command line options.
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342 </para>
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343 </listitem>
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344 </varlistentry>
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345
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346 <varlistentry>
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347 <term><option>--version</option></term>
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348 <term><option>-V</option></term>
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349 <listitem>
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350 <para>
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351 Display the software version.
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352 </para>
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353 </listitem>
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354 </varlistentry>
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355
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356 <varlistentry>
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357 <term><option>--debug</option></term>
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358 <term><option>-d</option></term>
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359 <listitem>
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360 <para>
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361 Increase the debugging level. Only really useful to people hacking on the
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362 LWASM source code itself.
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363 </para>
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364 </listitem>
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365 </varlistentry>
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366
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367 </variablelist>
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368
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369 </section>
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370
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371 <section>
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372 <title>Dialects</title>
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373 <para>
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374 LWASM supports all documented MC6809 instructions as defined by Motorola.
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375 It also supports all known HD6309 instructions. While there is general
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376 agreement on the pneumonics for most of the 6309 instructions, there is some
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377 variance with the block transfer instructions. TFM for all four variations
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378 seems to have gained the most traction and, thus, this is the form that is
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379 recommended for LWASM. However, it also supports COPY, COPY-, IMP, EXP,
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380 TFRP, TFRM, TFRS, and TFRR. It further adds COPY+ as a synomym for COPY,
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381 IMPLODE for IMP, and EXPAND for EXP.
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382 </para>
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383
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384 <para>By default, LWASM accepts 6309 instructions. However, using the
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385 <parameter>--6809</parameter> parameter, you can cause it to throw errors on
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386 6309 instructions instead.</para>
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387
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388 <para>
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389 The standard addressing mode specifiers are supported. These are the
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390 hash sign ("#") for immediate mode, the less than sign ("&lt;") for forced
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391 eight bit modes, and the greater than sign ("&gt;") for forced sixteen bit modes.
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392 </para>
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393
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394 <para>
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395 Additionally, LWASM supports using the asterisk ("*") to indicate
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396 base page addressing. This should not be used in hand-written source code,
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397 however, because it is non-standard and may or may not be present in future
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398 versions of LWASM.
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399 </para>
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400
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401 </section>
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402
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403 <section>
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404 <title>Source Format</title>
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405
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406 <para>
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407 LWASM accepts plain text files in a relatively free form. It can handle
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408 lines terminated with CR, LF, CRLF, or LFCR which means it should be able
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409 to assemble files on any platform on which it compiles.
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diff changeset
410 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
411 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
412 Each line may start with a symbol. If a symbol is present, there must not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
413 be any whitespace preceding it. It is legal for a line to contain nothing
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
414 but a symbol.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
415 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
416 The op code is separated from the symbol by whitespace. If there is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
417 no symbol, there must be at least one white space character preceding it.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
418 If applicable, the operand follows separated by whitespace. Following the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
419 opcode and operand is an optional comment.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
420 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
421
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
422 <para> It is important to note that operands cannot contain any whitespace
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
423 except in the case of delimited strings. This is because the first
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
424 whitespace character will be interpreted as the separator between the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
425 operand column and the comment. This behaviour is required for approximate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
426 source compatibility with other 6x09 assemblers. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
427
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
428 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
429 A comment can also be introduced with a * or a ;. The comment character is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
430 optional for end of statement comments. However, if a symbol is the only
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
431 thing present on the line other than the comment, the comment character is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
432 mandatory to prevent the assembler from interpreting the comment as an opcode.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
433 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
434
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
435 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
436 For compatibility with the output generated by some C preprocessors, LWASM
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
437 will also ignore lines that begin with a #. This should not be used as a general
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
438 comment character, however.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
439 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
440
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
441 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
442 The opcode is not treated case sensitively. Neither are register names in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
443 the operand fields. Symbols, however, are case sensitive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
444 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
445
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
446 <para> As of version 2.6, LWASM supports files with line numbers. If line
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
447 numbers are present, the line must start with a digit. The line number
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
448 itself must consist only of digits. The line number must then be followed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
449 by either the end of the line or exactly one white space character. After
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
450 that white space character, the lines are interpreted exactly as above.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
451 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
452
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
453 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
454
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
455 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
456 <title>Symbols</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
457
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
458 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
459 Symbols have no length restriction. They may contain letters, numbers, dots,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
460 dollar signs, and underscores. They must start with a letter, dot, or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
461 underscore.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
462 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
463
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
464 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
465 LWASM also supports the concept of a local symbol. A local symbol is one
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
466 which contains either a "?" or a "@", which can appear anywhere in the symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
467 The scope of a local symbol is determined by a number of factors. First,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
468 each included file gets its own local symbol scope. A blank line will also
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
469 be considered a local scope barrier. Macros each have their own local symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
470 scope as well (which has a side effect that you cannot use a local symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
471 as an argument to a macro). There are other factors as well. In general,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
472 a local symbol is restricted to the block of code it is defined within.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
473 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
474
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
475 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
476 By default, unless assembling to the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
477 also make it local. This can be controlled by the "dollarlocal" and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
478 "nodollarlocal" pragmas. In the absence of a pragma to the contrary, for
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
479 the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will not make it considered local while
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
480 for all other targets it will.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
481 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
482
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
483 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
484
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
485 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
486 <title>Numbers and Expressions</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
487 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
488
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
489 Numbers can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal. Binary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
490 numbers may be prefixed with a "%" symbol or suffixed with a "b" or "B".
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
491 Octal numbers may be prefixed with "@" or suffixed with "Q", "q", "O", or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
492 "o". Hexadecimal numbers may be prefixed with "$", "0x" or "0X", or suffixed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
493 with "H". No prefix or suffix is required for decimal numbers but they can
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
494 be prefixed with "&amp;" if desired. Any constant which begins with a letter
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
495 must be expressed with the correct prefix base identifier or be prefixed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
496 with a 0. Thus hexadecimal FF would have to be written either 0FFH or $FF.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
497 Numbers are not case sensitive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
498
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
499 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
500
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
501 <para> A symbol may appear at any point where a number is acceptable. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
502 special symbol "*" can be used to represent the starting address of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
503 current source line within expressions. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
504
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
505 <para>The ASCII value of a character can be included by prefixing it with a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
506 single quote ('). The ASCII values of two characters can be included by
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
507 prefixing the characters with a quote (").</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
508
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
509 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
510
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
511 LWASM supports the following basic binary operators: +, -, *, /, and %.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
512 These represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
513 modulus. It also supports unary negation and unary 1's complement (- and ^
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
514 respectively). It is also possible to use ~ for the unary 1's complement
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
515 operator. For completeness, a unary positive (+) is supported though it is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
516 a no-op. LWASM also supports using |, &, and ^ for bitwise or, bitwise and,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
517 and bitwise exclusive or respectively.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
518
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
519 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
520
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
521 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
522
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
523 Operator precedence follows the usual rules. Multiplication, division, and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
524 modulus take precedence over addition and subtraction. Unary operators take
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
525 precedence over binary operators. Bitwise operators are lower precdence
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
526 than addition and subtraction. To force a specific order of evaluation,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
527 parentheses can be used in the usual manner.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
528
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
529 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
530
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
531 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
532
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
533 As of LWASM 2.5, the operators && and || are recognized for boolean and and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
534 boolean or respectively. They will return either 0 or 1 (false or true).
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
535 They have the lowest precedence of all the binary operators.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
536
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
537 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
538
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
539 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
540
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
541 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
542 <title>Assembler Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
543 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
544 Various directives can be used to control the behaviour of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
545 assembler or to include non-code/data in the resulting output. Those directives
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
546 that are not described in detail in other sections of this document are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
547 described below.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
548 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
549
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
550 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
551 <title>Data Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
552 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
553 <varlistentry><term>FCB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
554 <term>.DB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
555 <term>.BYTE <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
556 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
557 <para>Include one or more constant bytes (separated by commas) in the output.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
558 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
559 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
560
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
561 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
562 <term>FDB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
563 <term>.DW <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
564 <term>.WORD <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
565 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
566 <para>Include one or more words (separated by commas) in the output.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
567 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
568 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
569
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
570 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
571 <term>FQB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
572 <term>.QUAD <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
573 <term>.4BYTE <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
574 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
575 <para>Include one or more double words (separated by commas) in the output.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
576 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
577 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
578
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
579 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
580 <term>FCC <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
581 <term>.ASCII <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
582 <term>.STR <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
583 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
584 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
585 Include a string of text in the output. The first character of the operand
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
586 is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and cannot appear
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
587 within the string. The string is included with no modifications>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
588 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
589 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
590 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
591
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
592 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
593 <term>FCN <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
594 <term>.ASCIZ <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
595 <term>.STRZ <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
596 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
597 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
598 Include a NUL terminated string of text in the output. The first character of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
599 the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
600 cannot appear within the string. A NUL byte is automatically appended to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
601 the string.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
602 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
603 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
604 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
605
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
606 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
607 <term>FCS <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
608 <term>.ASCIS <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
609 <term>.STRS <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
610 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
611 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
612 Include a string of text in the output with bit 7 of the final byte set. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
613 first character of the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
614 character and cannot appear within the string.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
615 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
616 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
617 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
618
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
619 <varlistentry><term>ZMB <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
620 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
621 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
622 Include a number of NUL bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
623 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
624 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
625 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
626 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
627
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
628 <varlistentry><term>ZMD <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
629 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
630 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
631 Include a number of zero words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
632 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
633 permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
634 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
635 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
636 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
637
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
638 <varlistentry><term>ZMQ <parameter>expr<parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
639 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
640 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
641 Include a number of zero double-words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
642 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
643 permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
644 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
645 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
646 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
647
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
648 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
649 <term>RMB <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
650 <term>.BLKB <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
651 <term>.DS <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
652 <term>.RS <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
653 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
654 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
655 Reserve a number of bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
656 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
657 The value of the bytes is undefined.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
658 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
659 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
660 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
661
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
662 <varlistentry><term>RMD <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
663 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
664 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
665 Reserve a number of words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
666 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
667 permitted. The value of the words is undefined.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
668 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
669 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
670 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
671
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
672 <varlistentry><term>RMQ <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
673 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
674 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
675 Reserve a number of double-words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
676 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
677 permitted. The value of the double-words is undefined.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
678 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
679 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
680 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
681
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
682 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
683 <term>INCLUDEBIN <parameter>filename</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
684 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
685 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
686 Treat the contents of <parameter>filename</parameter> as a string of bytes to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
687 be included literally at the current assembly point. This has the same effect
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
688 as converting the file contents to a series of FCB statements and including
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
689 those at the current assembly point.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
690 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
691
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
692 <para> If <parameter>filename</parameter> beings with a /, the file name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
693 will be taken as absolute. Otherwise, the current directory will be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
694 searched followed by the search path in the order specified.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
695
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
696 <para> Please note that absolute path detection including drive letters will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
697 not function correctly on Windows platforms. Non-absolute inclusion will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
698 work, however.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
699
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
700 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
701 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
702
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
703 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
704
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
705 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
706
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
707 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
708 <title>Address Definition</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
709 <para>The directives in this section all control the addresses of symbols
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
710 or the assembly process itself.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
711
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
712 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
713 <varlistentry><term>ORG <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
714 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
715 <para>Set the assembly address. The address must be fully resolvable on the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
716 first pass so no external or forward references are permitted. ORG is not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
717 permitted within sections when outputting to object files. For the DECB
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
718 target, each ORG directive after which output is generated will cause
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
719 a new preamble to be output. ORG is only used to determine the addresses
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
720 of symbols when the raw target is used.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
721 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
722 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
723 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
724
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
725 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
726 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EQU <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
727 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> = <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
728 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
729 <para>Define the value of <parameter>sym</parameter> to be <parameter>expr</parameter>.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
730 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
731 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
732
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
733 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
734 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> SET <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
735 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
736 <para>Define the value of <parameter>sym</parameter> to be <parameter>expr</parameter>.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
737 Unlike EQU, SET permits symbols to be defined multiple times as long as SET
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
738 is used for all instances. Use of the symbol before the first SET statement
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
739 that sets its value is undefined.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
740 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
741 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
742
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
743 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
744 <term>SETDP <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
745 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
746 <para>Inform the assembler that it can assume the DP register contains
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
747 <parameter>expr</parameter>. This directive is only advice to the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
748 to determine whether an address is in the direct page and has no effect
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
749 on the contents of the DP register. The value must be fully resolved during
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
750 the first assembly pass because it affects the sizes of subsequent instructions.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
751 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
752 <para>This directive has no effect in the object file target.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
753 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
754 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
755 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
756
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
757 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
758 <term>ALIGN <parameter>expr</parameter>[,<parameter>value</parameter>]</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
759 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
760
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
761 <para>Force the current assembly address to be a multiple of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
762 <parameter>expr</parameter>. If <parameter>value</parameter> is not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
763 specified, a series of NUL bytes is output to force the alignment, if
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
764 required. Otherwise, the low order 8 bits of <parameter>value</parameter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
765 will be used as the fill. The alignment value must be fully resolved on the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
766 first pass because it affects the addresses of subsquent instructions.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
767 However, <parameter>value</parameter> may include forward references; as
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
768 long as it resolves to a constant for the second pass, the value will be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
769 accepted.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
770
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
771 <para>Unless <parameter>value</parameter> is specified as something like $12,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
772 this directive is not suitable for inclusion in the middle of actual code.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
773 The default padding value is $00 which is intended to be used within data
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
774 blocks. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
775
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
776 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
777 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
778
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
779 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
780
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
781 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
782
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
783 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
784 <title>Conditional Assembly</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
785 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
786 Portions of the source code can be excluded or included based on conditions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
787 known at assembly time. Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily deeply. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
788 directives associated with conditional assembly are described in this section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
789 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
790 <para>All conditionals must be fully bracketed. That is, every conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
791 statement must eventually be followed by an ENDC at the same level of nesting.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
792 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
793 <para>Conditional expressions are only evaluated on the first assembly pass.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
794 It is not possible to game the assembly process by having a conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
795 change its value between assembly passes. Due to the underlying architecture
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
796 of LWASM, there is no possible utility to IFP1 and IFP2, nor can they, as of LWASM 3.0, actually
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
797 be implemented meaningfully. Thus there is not and never will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
798 be any equivalent of IFP1 or IFP2 as provided by other assemblers. Use of those opcodes
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
799 will throw a warning and be ignored.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
800
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
801 <para>It is important to note that if a conditional does not resolve to a constant
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
802 during the first parsing pass, an error will be thrown. This is unavoidable because the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
803 must make a decision about which source to include and which source to exclude at this stage.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
804 Thus, expressions that work normally elsewhere will not work for conditions.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
805
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
806 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
807 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
808 <term>IFEQ <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
809 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
810 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
811 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
812 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
813 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
814 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
815
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
816 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
817 <term>IFNE <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
818 <term>IF <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
819 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
820 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a non-zero value, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
821 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
822 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
823 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
824 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
825
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
826 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
827 <term>IFGT <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
828 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
829 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value greater than zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
830 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
831 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
832 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
833 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
834
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
835 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
836 <term>IFGE <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
837 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
838 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value greater than or equal to zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
839 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
840 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
841 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
842 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
843
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
844 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
845 <term>IFLT <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
846 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
847 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value less than zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
848 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
849 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
850 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
851 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
852
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
853 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
854 <term>IFLE <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
855 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
856 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value less than or equal to zero , the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
857 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
858 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
859 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
860 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
861
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
862 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
863 <term>IFDEF <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
864 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
865 <para>If <parameter>sym</parameter> is defined at this point in the assembly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
866 process, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
867 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
868 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
869 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
870 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
871
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
872 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
873 <term>IFNDEF <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
874 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
875 <para>If <parameter>sym</parameter> is not defined at this point in the assembly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
876 process, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
877 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
878 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
879 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
880 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
881
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
882 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
883 <term>ELSE</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
884 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
885 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
886 If the preceding conditional at the same level of nesting was false, the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
887 statements following will be assembled. If the preceding conditional at
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
888 the same level was true, the statements following will not be assembled.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
889 Note that the preceding conditional might have been another ELSE statement
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
890 although this behaviour is not guaranteed to be supported in future versions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
891 of LWASM.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
892 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
893 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
894
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
895 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
896 <term>ENDC</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
897 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
898 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
899 This directive marks the end of a conditional construct. Every conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
900 construct must end with an ENDC directive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
901 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
902 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
903 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
904
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
905 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
906 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
907
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
908 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
909 <title>OS9 Target Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
910
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
911 <para>This section includes directives that apply solely to the OS9
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
912 target.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
913
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
914 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
915
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
916 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
917 <term>OS9 <parameter>syscall</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
918 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
919 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
920
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
921 This directive generates a call to the specified system call. <parameter>syscall</parameter> may be an arbitrary expression.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
922
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
923 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
924 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
925 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
926
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
927 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
928 <term>MOD <parameter>size</parameter>,<parameter>name</parameter>,<parameter>type</parameter>,<parameter>flags</parameter>,<parameter>execoff</parameter>,<parameter>datasize</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
929 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
930 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
931
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
932 This tells LWASM that the beginning of the actual module is here. It will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
933 generate a module header based on the parameters specified. It will also
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
934 begin calcuating the module CRC.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
935
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
936 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
937
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
938 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
939
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
940 The precise meaning of the various parameters is beyond the scope of this
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
941 document since it is not a tutorial on OS9 module programming.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
942
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
943 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
944
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
945 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
946 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
947
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
948 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
949 <term>EMOD</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
950 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
951 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
952
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
953 This marks the end of a module and causes LWASM to emit the calculated CRC
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
954 for the module.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
955
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
956 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
957 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
958
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
959 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
960 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
961
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
962 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
963 <title>Miscelaneous Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
964
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
965 <para>This section includes directives that do not fit into the other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
966 categories.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
967
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
968 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
969
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
970 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
971 <term>INCLUDE <parameter>filename</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
972 <term>USE <parameter>filename</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
973
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
974 <listitem> <para> Include the contents of <parameter>filename</parameter> at
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
975 this point in the assembly as though it were a part of the file currently
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
976 being processed. Note that if whitespace appears in the name of the file,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
977 you must enclose <parameter>filename</parameter> in quotes.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
978 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
979
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
980 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
981 Note that the USE variation is provided only for compatibility with other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
982 assemblers. It is recommended to use the INCLUDE variation.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
983
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
984 <para>If <parameter>filename</parameter> begins with a &quot;/&quot;, it is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
985 interpreted as an absolute path. If it does not, the search path will be used
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
986 to find the file. First, the directory containing the file that contains this
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
987 directive. (Includes within an included file are relative to the included file,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
988 not the file that included it.) If the file is not found there, the include path
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
989 is searched. If it is still not found, an error will be thrown. Note that the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
990 current directory as understood by your shell or operating system is not searched.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
991 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
992
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
993 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
994 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
995
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
996 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
997 <term>END <parameter>[expr]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
998 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
999 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1000 This directive causes the assembler to stop assembling immediately as though
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1001 it ran out of input. For the DECB target only, <parameter>expr</parameter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1002 can be used to set the execution address of the resulting binary. For all
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1003 other targets, specifying <parameter>expr</parameter> will cause an error.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1004 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1005 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1006 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1007
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1008 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1009 <term>ERROR <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1010 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1011 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1012 Causes a custom error message to be printed at this line. This will cause
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1013 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1014 to cause assembly to fail if some condition that is known bad happens. Everything
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1015 from the directive to the end of the line is considered the error message.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1016 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1017 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1018 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1019
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1020 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1021 <term>WARNING <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1022 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1023 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1024 Causes a custom warning message to be printed at this line. This will not cause
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1025 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1026 or include files to alert the programmer to a deprecated feature being used
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1027 or some other condition that may cause trouble later, but which may, in fact,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1028 not cause any trouble.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1029 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1030 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1031 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1032
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1033 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1034 <term>.MODULE <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1035 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1036 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1037 This directive is ignored for most output targets. If the output target
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1038 supports encoding a module name into it, <parameter>string</parameter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1039 will be used as the module name.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1040 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1041 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1042 As of version 3.0, no supported output targets support this directive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1043 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1044 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1045 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1046
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1047 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1048 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1049
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1050 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1051
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1052 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1053 <title>Macros</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1054 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1055 LWASM is a macro assembler. A macro is simply a name that stands in for a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1056 series of instructions. Once a macro is defined, it is used like any other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1057 assembler directive. Defining a macro can be considered equivalent to adding
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1058 additional assembler directives.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1059 </para>
60
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1060
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1061 <para>Macros may accept parameters. These parameters are referenced within a
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1062 macro by the a backslash ("\") followed by a digit 1 through 9 for the first
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1063 through ninth parameters. They may also be referenced by enclosing the
60
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1064 decimal parameter number in braces ("{num}"). The special expansion "\*"
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1065 translates to the exact parameter string, including all parameters, passed
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1066 to the macro. These parameter references are replaced with the verbatim text
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1067 of the parameter passed to the macro. A reference to a non-existent
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1068 parameter will be replaced by an empty string. Macro parameters are expanded
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1069 everywhere on each source line. That means the parameter to a macro could be
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1070 used as a symbol or it could even appear in a comment or could cause an
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1071 entire source line to be commented out when the macro is expanded. </para>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1072
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1073 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1074 Parameters passed to a macro are separated by commas and the parameter list
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1075 is terminated by any whitespace. This means that neither a comma nor whitespace
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1076 may be included in a macro parameter.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1077 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1078 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1079 Macro expansion is done recursively. That is, within a macro, macros are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1080 expanded. This can lead to infinite loops in macro expansion. If the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1081 hangs for a long time while assembling a file that uses macros, this may be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1082 the reason.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1083
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1084 <para>Each macro expansion receives its own local symbol context which is not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1085 inherited by any macros called by it nor is it inherited from the context
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1086 the macro was instantiated in. That means it is possible to use local symbols
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1087 within macros without having them collide with symbols in other macros or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1088 outside the macro itself. However, this also means that using a local symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1089 as a parameter to a macro, while legal, will not do what it would seem to do
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1090 as it will result in looking up the local symbol in the macro's symbol context
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1091 rather than the enclosing context where it came from, likely yielding either
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1092 an undefined symbol error or bizarre assembly results.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1093 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1094 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1095 Note that there is no way to define a macro as local to a symbol context. All
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1096 macros are part of the global macro namespace. However, macros have a separate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1097 namespace from symbols so it is possible to have a symbol with the same name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1098 as a macro.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1099 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1100
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1101 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1102 Macros are defined only during the first pass. Macro expansion also
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1103 only occurs during the first pass. On the second pass, the macro
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1104 definition is simply ignored. Macros must be defined before they are used.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1105 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1106
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1107 <para>The following directives are used when defining macros.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1108
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1109 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1110 <varlistentry>
51
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1111 <term><parameter>macroname</parameter> MACRO [NOEXPAND]</term>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1112 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1113 <para>This directive is used to being the definition of a macro called
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1114 <parameter>macroname</parameter>. If <parameter>macroname</parameter> already
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1115 exists, it is considered an error. Attempting to define a macro within a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1116 macro is undefined. It may work and it may not so the behaviour should not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1117 be relied upon.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1118 </para>
51
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1119
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1120 <para>If NOEXPAND is specified, the macro will not be expanded in a program
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1121 listing. Instead, all bytes emitted by all instructions within the macro
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1122 will appear to be emitted on the line where the macro is invoked, starting
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1123 at the address of the line of the invokation. If the macro uses ORG or other
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1124 directives that define symbols or change the assembly address, these things
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1125 will also be hidden (except in the symbol table) and the output bytes will
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1126 appear with incorrect address attribution. Thus, NOEXPAND should only be
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1127 used for macros that do not mess with the assembly address or otherwise
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1128 define symbols that should be visible.</para>
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1129
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1130 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1131 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1132
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1133 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1134 <term>ENDM</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1135 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1136 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1137 This directive indicates the end of the macro currently being defined. It
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1138 causes the assembler to resume interpreting source lines as normal.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1139 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1140 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1141 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1142
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1143 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1144
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1145 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1146 <title>Structures</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1147 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1148
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1149 Structures are used to group related data in a fixed structure. A structure
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1150 consists a number of fields, defined in sequential order and which take up
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1151 specified size. The assembler does not enforce any means of access within a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1152 structure; it assumes that whatever you are doing, you intended to do.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1153 There are two pseudo ops that are used for defining structures.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1154
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1155 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1156
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1157 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1158 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1159 <term><parameter>structname</parameter> STRUCT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1160 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1161 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1162
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1163 This directive is used to begin the definition of a structure with name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1164 <parameter>structname</parameter>. Subsequent statements all form part of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1165 the structure definition until the end of the structure is declared.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1166
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1167 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1168 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1169 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1170 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1171 <term>ENDSTRUCT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1172 <term>ENDS</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1173 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1174 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1175 This directive ends the definition of the structure. ENDSTRUCT is the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1176 preferred form. Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS was used to end a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1177 section instead of a structure.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1178 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1179 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1180 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1181 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1182
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1183 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1184
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1185 Within a structure definition, only reservation pseudo ops are permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1186 Anything else will cause an assembly error.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1187 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1188
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1189 <para> Once a structure is defined, you can reserve an area of memory in the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1190 same structure by using the structure name as the opcode. Structures can
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1191 also contain fields that are themselves structures. See the example
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1192 below.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1193
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1194 <programlisting>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1195 tstruct2 STRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1196 f1 rmb 1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1197 f2 rmb 1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1198 ENDSTRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1199
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1200 tstruct STRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1201 field1 rmb 2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1202 field2 rmb 3
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1203 field3 tstruct2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1204 ENDSTRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1205
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1206 ORG $2000
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1207 var1 tstruct
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1208 var2 tstruct2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1209 </programlisting>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1210
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1211 <para>Fields are referenced using a dot (.) as a separator. To refer to the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1212 generic offset within a structure, use the structure name to the left of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1213 dot. If referring to a field within an actual variable, use the variable's
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1214 symbol name to the left of the dot.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1215
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1216 <para>You can also refer to the actual size of a structure (or a variable
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1217 declared as a structure) using the special symbol sizeof{structname} where
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1218 structname will be the name of the structure or the name of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1219 variable.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1220
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1221 <para>Essentially, structures are a shortcut for defining a vast number of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1222 symbols. When a structure is defined, the assembler creates symbols for the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1223 various fields in the form structname.fieldname as well as the appropriate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1224 sizeof{structname} symbol. When a variable is declared as a structure, the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1225 assembler does the same thing using the name of the variable. You will see
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1226 these symbols in the symbol table when the assembler is instructed to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1227 provide a listing. For instance, the above listing will create the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1228 following symbols (symbol values in parentheses): tstruct2.f1 (0),
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1229 tstruct2.f2 (1), sizeof{tstruct2} (2), tstruct.field1 (0), tstruct.field2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1230 (2), tstruct.field3 (5), tstruct.field3.f1 (5), tstruct.field3.f2 (6),
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1231 sizeof{tstruct.field3} (2), sizeof{tstruct} (7), var1 {$2000}, var1.field1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1232 {$2000}, var1.field2 {$2002}, var1.field3 {$2005}, var1.field3.f1 {$2005},
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1233 var1.field3.f2 {$2006}, sizeof(var1.field3} (2), sizeof{var1} (7), var2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1234 ($2007), var2.f1 ($2007), var2.f2 ($2008), sizeof{var2} (2). </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1235
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1236 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1237
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1238 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1239 <title>Object Files and Sections</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1240 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1241 The object file target is very useful for large project because it allows
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1242 multiple files to be assembled independently and then linked into the final
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1243 binary at a later time. It allows only the small portion of the project
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1244 that was modified to be re-assembled rather than requiring the entire set
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1245 of source code to be available to the assembler in a single assembly process.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1246 This can be particularly important if there are a large number of macros,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1247 symbol definitions, or other metadata that uses resources at assembly time.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1248 By far the largest benefit, however, is keeping the source files small enough
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1249 for a mere mortal to find things in them.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1250 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1251
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1252 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1253 With multi-file projects, there needs to be a means of resolving references to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1254 symbols in other source files. These are known as external references. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1255 addresses of these symbols cannot be known until the linker joins all the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1256 object files into a single binary. This means that the assembler must be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1257 able to output the object code without knowing the value of the symbol. This
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1258 places some restrictions on the code generated by the assembler. For
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1259 example, the assembler cannot generate direct page addressing for instructions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1260 that reference external symbols because the address of the symbol may not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1261 be in the direct page. Similarly, relative branches and PC relative addressing
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1262 cannot be used in their eight bit forms. Everything that must be resolved
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1263 by the linker must be assembled to use the largest address size possible to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1264 allow the linker to fill in the correct value at link time. Note that the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1265 same problem applies to absolute address references as well, even those in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1266 the same source file, because the address is not known until link time.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1267 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1268
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1269 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1270 It is often desired in multi-file projects to have code of various types grouped
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1271 together in the final binary generated by the linker as well. The same applies
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1272 to data. In order for the linker to do that, the bits that are to be grouped
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1273 must be tagged in some manner. This is where the concept of sections comes in.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1274 Each chunk of code or data is part of a section in the object file. Then,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1275 when the linker reads all the object files, it coalesces all sections of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1276 same name into a single section and then considers it as a unit.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1277 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1278
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1279 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1280 The existence of sections, however, raises a problem for symbols even
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1281 within the same source file. Thus, the assembler must treat symbols from
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1282 different sections within the same source file in the same manner as external
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1283 symbols. That is, it must leave them for the linker to resolve at link time,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1284 with all the limitations that entails.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1285 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1286
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1287 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1288 In the object file target mode, LWASM requires all source lines that
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1289 cause bytes to be output to be inside a section. Any directives that do
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1290 not cause any bytes to be output can appear outside of a section. This includes
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1291 such things as EQU or RMB. Even ORG can appear outside a section. ORG, however,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1292 makes no sense within a section because it is the linker that determines
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1293 the starting address of the section's code, not the assembler.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1294 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1295
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1296 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1297 All symbols defined globally in the assembly process are local to the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1298 source file and cannot be exported. All symbols defined within a section are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1299 considered local to the source file unless otherwise explicitly exported.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1300 Symbols referenced from external source files must be declared external,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1301 either explicitly or by asking the assembler to assume that all undefined
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1302 symbols are external.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1303 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1304
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1305 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1306 It is often handy to define a number of memory addresses that will be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1307 used for data at run-time but which need not be included in the binary file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1308 These memory addresses are not initialized until run-time, either by the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1309 program itself or by the program loader, depending on the operating environment.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1310 Such sections are often known as BSS sections. LWASM supports generating
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1311 sections with a BSS attribute set which causes the section definition including
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1312 symbols exported from that section and those symbols required to resolve
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1313 references from the local file, but with no actual code in the object file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1314 It is illegal for any source lines within a BSS flagged section to cause any
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1315 bytes to be output.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1316 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1317
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1318 <para>The following directives apply to section handling.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1319
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1320 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1321 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1322 <term>SECTION <parameter>name[,flags]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1323 <term>SECT <parameter>name[,flags]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1324 <term>.AREA <parameter>name[,flags]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1325 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1326 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1327 Instructs the assembler that the code following this directive is to be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1328 considered part of the section <parameter>name</parameter>. A section name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1329 may appear multiple times in which case it is as though all the code from
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1330 all the instances of that section appeared adjacent within the source file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1331 However, <parameter>flags</parameter> may only be specified on the first
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1332 instance of the section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1333 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1334 <para>There is a single flag supported in <parameter>flags</parameter>. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1335 flag <parameter>bss</parameter> will cause the section to be treated as a BSS
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1336 section and, thus, no code will be included in the object file nor will any
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1337 bytes be permitted to be output.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1338 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1339 If the section name is "bss" or ".bss" in any combination of upper and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1340 lower case, the section is assumed to be a BSS section. In that case,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1341 the flag <parameter>!bss</parameter> can be used to override this assumption.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1342 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1343 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1344 If assembly is already happening within a section, the section is implicitly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1345 ended and the new section started. This is not considered an error although
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1346 it is recommended that all sections be explicitly closed.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1347 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1348 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1349 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1350
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1351 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1352 <term>ENDSECTION</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1353 <term>ENDSECT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1354 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1355 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1356 This directive ends the current section. This puts assembly outside of any
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1357 sections until the next SECTION directive. ENDSECTION is the preferred form.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1358 Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS could also be used to end a section but
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1359 as of version 3.0, it is now an alias for ENDSTRUCT instead.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1360 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1361 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1362
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1363 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1364 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXTERN</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1365 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXTERNAL</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1366 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> IMPORT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1367 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1368 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1369 This directive defines <parameter>sym</parameter> as an external symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1370 This directive may occur at any point in the source code. EXTERN definitions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1371 are resolved on the first pass so an EXTERN definition anywhere in the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1372 source file is valid for the entire file. The use of this directive is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1373 optional when the assembler is instructed to assume that all undefined
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1374 symbols are external. In fact, in that mode, if the symbol is referenced
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1375 before the EXTERN directive, an error will occur.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1376 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1377 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1378 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1379
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1380 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1381 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXPORT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1382 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> .GLOBL</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1383
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1384 <term>EXPORT <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1385 <term>.GLOBL <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1386
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1387 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1388 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1389 This directive defines <parameter>sym</parameter> as an exported symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1390 This directive may occur at any point in the source code, even before the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1391 definition of the exported symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1392 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1393 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1394 Note that <parameter>sym</parameter> may appear as the operand or as the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1395 statement's symbol. If there is a symbol on the statement, that will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1396 take precedence over any operand that is present.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1397 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1398 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1399
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1400 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1401
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1402 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1403 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXTDEP</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1404 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1405
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1406 <para>This directive forces an external dependency on
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1407 <parameter>sym</parameter>, even if it is never referenced anywhere else in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1408 this file.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1409
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1410 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1411 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1412 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1413
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1414 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1415
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1416 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1417 <title>Assembler Modes and Pragmas</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1418 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1419 There are a number of options that affect the way assembly is performed.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1420 Some of these options can only be specified on the command line because
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1421 they determine something absolute about the assembly process. These include
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1422 such things as the output target. Other things may be switchable during
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1423 the assembly process. These are known as pragmas and are, by definition,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1424 not portable between assemblers.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1425 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1426
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1427 <para>LWASM supports a number of pragmas that affect code generation or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1428 otherwise affect the behaviour of the assembler. These may be specified by
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1429 way of a command line option or by assembler directives. The directives
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1430 are as follows.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1431 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1432
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1433 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1434 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1435 <term>PRAGMA <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1436 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1437 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1438 Specifies that the assembler should bring into force all <parameter>pragma</parameter>s
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1439 specified. Any unrecognized pragma will cause an assembly error. The new
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1440 pragmas will take effect immediately. This directive should be used when
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1441 the program will assemble incorrectly if the pragma is ignored or not supported.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1442 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1443 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1444 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1445
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1446 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1447 <term>*PRAGMA <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1448 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1449 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1450 This is identical to the PRAGMA directive except no error will occur with
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1451 unrecognized or unsupported pragmas. This directive, by virtue of starting
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1452 with a comment character, will also be ignored by assemblers that do not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1453 support this directive. Use this variation if the pragma is not required
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1454 for correct functioning of the code.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1455 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1456 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1457 </varlistentry>
111
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1458
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1459 <varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1460 <term>*PRAGMAPUSH <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1461 <listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1462 <para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1463 This directive saves the current state of the specified pragma(s) for later retrieval. See discussion below for more information.
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1464 </para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1465
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1466 <para>This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1467
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1468 </listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1469 </varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1470
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1471 <varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1472 <term>*PRAGMAPOP <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1473 <listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1474 <para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1475 This directive restores the previously saved state of the specified pragma(s). See discussion below for more information.
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1476 </para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1477
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1478 <para>This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1479
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1480 </listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1481 </varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1482 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1483
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1484 <para>Each pragma supported has a positive version and a negative version.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1485 The positive version enables the pragma while the negative version disables
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1486 it. The negatitve version is simply the positive version with "no" prefixed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1487 to it. For instance, "pragma" vs. "nopragma". Only the positive version is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1488 listed below.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1489
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1490 <para>Pragmas are not case sensitive.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1491
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1492 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1493 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1494 <term>index0tonone</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1495 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1496 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1497 When in force, this pragma enables an optimization affecting indexed addressing
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1498 modes. When the offset expression in an indexed mode evaluates to zero but is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1499 not explicity written as 0, this will replace the operand with the equivalent
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1500 no offset mode, thus creating slightly faster code. Because of the advantages
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1501 of this optimization, it is enabled by default.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1502 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1503 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1504 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1505
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1506 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1507 <term>cescapes</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1508 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1509 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1510 This pragma will cause strings in the FCC, FCS, and FCN pseudo operations to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1511 have C-style escape sequences interpreted. The one departure from the official
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1512 spec is that unrecognized escape sequences will return either the character
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1513 immediately following the backslash or some undefined value. Do not rely
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1514 on the behaviour of undefined escape sequences.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1515 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1516 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1517 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1518
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1519 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1520 <term>importundefexport</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1521 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1522 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1523 This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1524 in force, it will cause the EXPORT directive to act as IMPORT if the symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1525 to be exported is not defined. This is provided for compatibility with the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1526 output of gcc6809 and should not be used in hand written code. Because of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1527 the confusion this pragma can cause, it is disabled by default.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1528 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1529 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1530 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1531
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1532 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1533 <term>undefextern</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1534 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1535 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1536 This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1537 force, if the assembler sees an undefined symbol on the second pass, it will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1538 automatically define it as an external symbol. This automatic definition will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1539 apply for the remainder of the assembly process, even if the pragma is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1540 subsequently turned off. Because this behaviour would be potentially surprising,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1541 this pragma defaults to off.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1542 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1543 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1544 The primary use for this pragma is for projects that share a large number of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1545 symbols between source files. In such cases, it is impractical to enumerate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1546 all the external references in every source file. This allows the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1547 and linker to do the heavy lifting while not preventing a particular source
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1548 module from defining a local symbol of the same name as an external symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1549 if it does not need the external symbol. (This pragma will not cause an
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1550 automatic external definition if there is already a locally defined symbol.)
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1551 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1552 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1553 This pragma will often be specified on the command line for large projects.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1554 However, depending on the specific dynamics of the project, it may be sufficient
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1555 for one or two files to use this pragma internally.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1556 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1557 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1558 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1559
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1560 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1561 <term>dollarlocal</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1562 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1563
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1564 <para>When set, a "$" in a symbol makes it local. When not set, "$" does not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1565 cause a symbol to be local. It is set by default except when using the OS9
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1566 target.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1567
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1568 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1569 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1570
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1571 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1572 <term>dollarnotlocal</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1573 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1574
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1575 <para> This is the same as the "dollarlocal" pragma except its sense is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1576 reversed. That is, "dollarlocal" and "nodollarnotlocal" are equivalent and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1577 "nodollarlocal" and "dollarnotlocal" are equivalent. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1578
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1579 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1580 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1581
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1582 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1583 <term>pcaspcr</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1584 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1585
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1586 <para> Normally, LWASM makes a distinction between PC and PCR in program
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1587 counter relative addressing. In particular, the use of PC means an absolute
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1588 offset from PC while PCR causes the assembler to calculate the offset to the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1589 specified operand and use that as the offset from PC. By setting this
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1590 pragma, you can have PC treated the same as PCR. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1591
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1592
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1593 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1594 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1595
60
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1596 <varlistentry>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1597 <term>shadow</term>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1598 <listitem>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1599
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1600 <para>When this pragma is in effect, it becomes possible to define a macro
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1601 that matches an internal operation code. Thus, it makes it possible to
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1602 redefine either CPU instructions or pseudo operations. Because this feature
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1603 is of dubious utility, it is disabled by default.</para>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1604
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1605 </listitem>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1606 </varlistentry>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1607
111
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1608 <varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1609 <term>nolist</term>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1610 <listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1611
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1612 <para>Lines where this pragma is in effect will not appear in the assembly
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1613 listing. Also, any symbols defined under this pragma will not show up in
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1614 the symbol list. This is most useful in include files to avoid spamming the
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1615 assembly listing with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of irrelevant
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1616 symbols.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1617
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1618 </listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1619 </varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1620
117
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1621 <varlistentry>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1622 <term>autobranchlength</term>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1623 <listitem>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1624
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1625 <para>One of the perennial annoyances for 6809 programmers is that the
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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diff changeset
1626 mneumonics for the short and long branch instructions are different (bxx vs.
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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parents: 111
diff changeset
1627 lbxx), which is at odds with the rest of the instruction set. This pragma
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1628 is a solution to those annoying byte overflow errors that short branch
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1629 instructions tend to aquire.</para>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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parents: 111
diff changeset
1630
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1631 <para>When this pragma is in effect, which is not the default, whenever any
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1632 relative branch instruction is used, its size will be automatically
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1633 determined based on the actual distance to the destination. In other words,
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1634 one can write code with long or short branches everywhere and the assembler
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1635 will choose a size for the branch.</para>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1636
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1637 <para>Also, while this pragma is in effect, the > and < symbols can be used
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1638 to force the branch size, analogous to their use for other instructions with
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1639 < forcing 8 bit offsets and > forcing 16 bit offets.</para>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1640
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1641 <para>Because this pragma leads to source that is incompatible with other
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1642 assemblers, it is strongly recommended that it be invoked using the PRAGMA
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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parents: 111
diff changeset
1643 directive within the source code rather than on the command line or via the
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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parents: 111
diff changeset
1644 *PRAGMA directive. This way, an error will be raised if someone tries to
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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parents: 111
diff changeset
1645 * assemble the code under a different assembler.</para>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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parents: 111
diff changeset
1646
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1647
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
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parents: 111
diff changeset
1648
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1649 </listitem>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1650 </varlistentry>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1651
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1652 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1653
111
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
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parents: 68
diff changeset
1654 <para>As a convenience, each input file has a pragma state stack. This
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1655 allows, through the use of *PRAGMAPUSH and *PRAGMAPOP, a file to change a
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1656 pragma state and then restore it to the precise state it had previously.
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
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parents: 68
diff changeset
1657 If, at the end of an input file, all pragma states have not been popped,
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
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parents: 68
diff changeset
1658 they will be removed from the stack. Thus, it is critical to employ
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1659 *PRAGMAPOP correctly. Because each input file has its own pragma stack,
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1660 using *PRAGMAPUSH in one file and *PRAGMAPOP in another file will not
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1661 work.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1662
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1663 <para>Pragma stacks are more useful in include files, in particular in
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1664 conjunction with the nolist pragma. One can push the state of the nolist
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1665 pragma, engage the nolist pragma, and then pop the state of the nolist
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1666 pragma at the end of the include file. This will cause the entire include
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1667 file to operate under the nolist pragma. However, if the file is included
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1668 while nolist is already engaged, it will not undo that state.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1669
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1670
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
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parents: 68
diff changeset
1671
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1672 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1673
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1674 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1675
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1676 <chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1677 <title>LWLINK</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1678 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1679 The LWTOOLS linker is called LWLINK. This chapter documents the various features
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1680 of the linker.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1681 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1682
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1683 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1684 <title>Command Line Options</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1685 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1686 The binary for LWLINK is called "lwlink". Note that the binary is in lower
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1687 case. lwlink takes the following command line arguments.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1688 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1689 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1690 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1691 <term><option>--decb</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1692 <term><option>-b</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1693 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1694 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1695 Selects the DECB output format target. This is equivalent to <option>--format=decb</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1696 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1697 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1698 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1699
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1700 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1701 <term><option>--output=FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1702 <term><option>-o FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1703 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1704 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1705 This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1706 default is <option>a.out</option>.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1707 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1708 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1709 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1710
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1711 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1712 <term><option>--format=TYPE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1713 <term><option>-f TYPE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1714 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1715 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1716 This option specifies the output format. Valid values are <option>decb</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1717 and <option>raw</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1718 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1719 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1720 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1721
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1722 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1723 <term><option>--raw</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1724 <term><option>-r</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1725 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1726 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1727 This option specifies the raw output format.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1728 It is equivalent to <option>--format=raw</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1729 and <option>-f raw</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1730 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1731 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1732 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1733
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1734 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1735 <term><option>--script=FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1736 <term><option>-s</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1737 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1738 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1739 This option allows specifying a linking script to override the linker's
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1740 built in defaults.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1741 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1742 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1743 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1744
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1745 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1746 <term><option>--section-base=SECT=BASE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1747 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1748 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1749 Cause section SECT to load at base address BASE. This will be prepended
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1750 to the built-in link script. It is ignored if a link script is provided.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1751 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1752 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1753 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1754
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1755 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1756 <term><option>--map=FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1757 <term><option>-m FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1758 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1759 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1760 This will output a description of the link result to FILE.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1761 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1762 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1763 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1764
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1765 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1766 <term><option>--library=LIBSPEC</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1767 <term><option>-l LIBSPEC</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1768 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1769 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1770 Load a library using the library search path. LIBSPEC will have "lib" prepended
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1771 and ".a" appended.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1772 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1773 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1774 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1775
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1776 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1777 <term><option>--library-path=DIR</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1778 <term><option>-L DIR</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1779 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1780 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1781 Add DIR to the library search path.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1782 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1783 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1784 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1785
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1786 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1787 <term><option>--debug</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1788 <term><option>-d</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1789 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1790 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1791 This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1792 developers.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1793 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1794 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1795 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1796
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1797 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1798 <term><option>--help</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1799 <term><option>-?</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1800 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1801 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1802 This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1803 of each.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1804 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1805 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1806 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1807
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1808 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1809 <term><option>--usage</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1810 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1811 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1812 This will display a usage summary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1813 of each command line option.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1814 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1815 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1816 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1817
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1818
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1819 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1820 <term><option>--version</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1821 <term><option>-V</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1822 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1823 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1824 This will display the version of LWLINK.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1825 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1826 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1827 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1828
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1829 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1830
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1831 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1832 <title>Linker Operation</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1833
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1834 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1835
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1836 LWLINK takes one or more files in supported input formats and links them
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1837 into a single binary. Currently supported formats are the LWTOOLS object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1838 file format and the archive format used by LWAR. While the precise method is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1839 slightly different, linking can be conceptualized as the following steps.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1840
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1841 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1842
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1843 <orderedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1844 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1845 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1846 First, the linker loads a linking script. If no script is specified, it
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1847 loads a built-in default script based on the output format selected. This
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1848 script tells the linker how to lay out the various sections in the final
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1849 binary.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1850 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1851 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1852
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1853 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1854 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1855 Next, the linker reads all the input files into memory. At this time, it
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1856 flags any format errors in those files. It constructs a table of symbols
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1857 for each object at this time.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1858 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1859 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1860
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1861 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1862 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1863 The linker then proceeds with organizing the sections loaded from each file
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1864 according to the linking script. As it does so, it is able to assign addresses
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1865 to each symbol defined in each object file. At this time, the linker may
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1866 also collapse different instances of the same section name into a single
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1867 section by appending the data from each subsequent instance of the section
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1868 to the first instance of the section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1869 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1870 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1871
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1872 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1873 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1874 Next, the linker looks through every object file for every incomplete reference.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1875 It then attempts to fully resolve that reference. If it cannot do so, it
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1876 throws an error. Once a reference is resolved, the value is placed into
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1877 the binary code at the specified section. It should be noted that an
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1878 incomplete reference can reference either a symbol internal to the object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1879 file or an external symbol which is in the export list of another object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1880 file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1881 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1882 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1883
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1884 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1885 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1886 If all of the above steps are successful, the linker opens the output file
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1887 and actually constructs the binary.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1888 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1889 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1890 </orderedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1891
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1892 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1893
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1894 <section
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1895 <title>Linking Scripts</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1896 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1897 A linker script is used to instruct the linker about how to assemble the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1898 various sections into a completed binary. It consists of a series of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1899 directives which are considered in the order they are encountered.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1900 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1901 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1902 The sections will appear in the resulting binary in the order they are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1903 specified in the script file. If a referenced section is not found, the linker will behave as though the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1904 section did exist but had a zero size, no relocations, and no exports.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1905 A section should only be referenced once. Any subsequent references will have
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1906 an undefined effect.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1907 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1908
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1909 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1910 All numbers are in linking scripts are specified in hexadecimal. All directives
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1911 are case sensitive although the hexadecimal numbers are not.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1912 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1913
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1914 <para>A section name can be specified as a "*", then any section not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1915 already matched by the script will be matched. The "*" can be followed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1916 by a comma and a flag to narrow the section down slightly, also.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1917 If the flag is "!bss", then any section that is not flagged as a bss section
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1918 will be matched. If the flag is "bss", then any section that is flagged as
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1919 bss will be matched.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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1920 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1921
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1922 <para>The following directives are understood in a linker script.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1923 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1924 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1925 <term>section <parameter>name</parameter> load <parameter>addr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1926 <listitem><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1927
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1928 This causes the section <parameter>name</parameter> to load at
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1929 <parameter>addr</parameter>. For the raw target, only one "load at" entry is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1930 allowed for non-bss sections and it must be the first one. For raw targets,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1931 it affects the addresses the linker assigns to symbols but has no other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1932 affect on the output. bss sections may all have separate load addresses but
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1933 since they will not appear in the binary anyway, this is okay.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1934 </para><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1935 For the decb target, each "load" entry will cause a new "block" to be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1936 output to the binary which will contain the load address. It is legal for
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1937 sections to overlap in this manner - the linker assumes the loader will sort
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1938 everything out.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1939 </para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1940 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1941
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1942 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1943 <term>section <parameter>name</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1944 <listitem><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1945
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1946 This will cause the section <parameter>name</parameter> to load after the previously listed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1947 section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1948 </para></listitem></varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1949 <varlistentry>
68
99ce348b0e6b Fixed error in documentation - linkscripts use "entry" instead of "exec"
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parents: 60
diff changeset
1950 <term>entry <parameter>addr or sym</parameter></term>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1951 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1952 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1953 This will cause the execution address (entry point) to be the address
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1954 specified (in hex) or the specified symbol name. The symbol name must
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1955 match a symbol that is exported by one of the object files being linked.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1956 This has no effect for targets that do not encode the entry point into the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1957 resulting file. If not specified, the entry point is assumed to be address 0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1958 which is probably not what you want. The default link scripts for targets
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1959 that support this directive automatically starts at the beginning of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1960 first section (usually "init" or "code") that is emitted in the binary.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1961 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1962 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1963 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1964
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1965 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1966 <term>pad <parameter>size</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1967 <listitem><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1968 This will cause the output file to be padded with NUL bytes to be exactly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1969 <parameter>size</parameter> bytes in length. This only makes sense for a raw target.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1970 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1971 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1972 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1973 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1974
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1975
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1976
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1977 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1978
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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1979 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1980
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1981 <chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1982 <title>Libraries and LWAR</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1983
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1984 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1985 LWTOOLS also includes a tool for managing libraries. These are analogous to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1986 the static libraries created with the "ar" tool on POSIX systems. Each library
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1987 file contains one or more object files. The linker will treat the object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1988 files within a library as though they had been specified individually on
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1989 the command line except when resolving external references. External references
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1990 are looked up first within the object files within the library and then, if
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1991 not found, the usual lookup based on the order the files are specified on
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1992 the command line occurs.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1993 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1994
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1995 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1996 The tool for creating these libary files is called LWAR.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
1997 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1998
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
1999 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
2000 <title>Command Line Options</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
2001 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
2002 The binary for LWAR is called "lwar". Note that the binary is in lower
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
2003 case. The options lwar understands are listed below. For archive manipulation
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
2004 options, the first non-option argument is the name of the archive. All other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2005 non-option arguments are the names of files to operate on.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
2006 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2007
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2008 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
2009 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
2010 <term><option>--add</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
2011 <term><option>-a</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
2012 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
2013 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2014 This option specifies that an archive is going to have files added to it.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2015 If the archive does not already exist, it is created. New files are added
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2016 to the end of the archive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2017 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
2018 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2019 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2020
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2021 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
2022 <term><option>--create</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2023 <term><option>-c</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
2024 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2025 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2026 This option specifies that an archive is going to be created and have files
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2027 added to it. If the archive already exists, it is truncated.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2028 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2029 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2030 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2031
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2032 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2033 <term><option>--merge</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2034 <term><option>-m</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2035 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2036 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2037 If specified, any files specified to be added to an archive will be checked
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2038 to see if they are archives themselves. If so, their constituent members are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2039 added to the archive. This is useful for avoiding archives containing archives.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2040 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2041 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2042 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2043
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2044 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2045 <term><option>--list</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2046 <term><option>-l</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2047 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2048 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2049 This will display a list of the files contained in the archive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2050 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2051 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2052 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2053
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2054 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2055 <term><option>--debug</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2056 <term><option>-d</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2057 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2058 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2059 This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2060 developers.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2061 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2062 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2063 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2064
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2065 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2066 <term><option>--help</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2067 <term><option>-?</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2068 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2069 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2070 This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2071 of each.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2072 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2073 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2074 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2075
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2076 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2077 <term><option>--usage</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2078 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2079 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2080 This will display a usage summary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2081 of each command line option.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2082 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2083 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2084 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2085
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2086
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2087 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2088 <term><option>--version</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2089 <term><option>-V</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2090 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2091 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2092 This will display the version of LWLINK.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2093 of each.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2094 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2095 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2096 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2097
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2098 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2099
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2100 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2101
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2102 <chapter id="objchap">
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2103 <title>Object Files</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2104 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2105 LWTOOLS uses a proprietary object file format. It is proprietary in the sense
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2106 that it is specific to LWTOOLS, not that it is a hidden format. It would be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2107 hard to keep it hidden in an open source tool chain anyway. This chapter
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2108 documents the object file format.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2109 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2110
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2111 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2112 An object file consists of a series of sections each of which contains a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2113 list of exported symbols, a list of incomplete references, and a list of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2114 "local" symbols which may be used in calculating incomplete references. Each
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2115 section will obviously also contain the object code.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2116 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2117
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2118 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2119 Exported symbols must be completely resolved to an address within the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2120 section it is exported from. That is, an exported symbol must be a constant
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2121 rather than defined in terms of other symbols.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2122
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2123 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2124 Each object file starts with a magic number and version number. The magic
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2125 number is the string "LWOBJ16" for this 16 bit object file format. The only
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2126 defined version number is currently 0. Thus, the first 8 bytes of the object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2127 file are <code>4C574F424A313600</code>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2128 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2129
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2130 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2131 Each section has the following items in order:
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2132 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2133
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2134 <itemizedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2135 <listitem><para>section name</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2136 <listitem><para>flags</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2137 <listitem><para>list of local symbols (and addresses within the section)</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2138 <listitem><para>list of exported symbols (and addresses within the section)</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2139 <listitem><para>list of incomplete references along with the expressions to calculate them</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2140 <listitem><para>the actual object code (for non-BSS sections)</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2141 </itemizedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2142
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2143 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2144 The section starts with the name of the section with a NUL termination
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2145 followed by a series of flag bytes terminated by NUL. There are only two
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2146 flag bytes defined. A NUL (0) indicates no more flags and a value of 1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2147 indicates the section is a BSS section. For a BSS section, no actual
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2148 code is included in the object file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2149 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2150
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2151 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2152 Either a NULL section name or end of file indicate the presence of no more
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2153 sections.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2154 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2155
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2156 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2157 Each entry in the exported and local symbols table consists of the symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2158 (NUL terminated) followed by two bytes which contain the value in big endian
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2159 order. The end of a symbol table is indicated by a NULL symbol name.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2160 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2161
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2162 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2163 Each entry in the incomplete references table consists of an expression
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2164 followed by a 16 bit offset where the reference goes. Expressions are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2165 defined as a series of terms up to an "end of expression" term. Each term
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2166 consists of a single byte which identifies the type of term (see below)
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2167 followed by any data required by the term. Then end of the list is flagged
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2168 by a NULL expression (only an end of expression term).
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2169 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2170
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2171 <table frame="all"><title>Object File Term Types</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2172 <tgroup cols="2">
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2173 <thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2174 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2175 <entry>TERMTYPE</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2176 <entry>Meaning</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2177 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2178 </thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2179 <tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2180 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2181 <entry>00</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2182 <entry>end of expression</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2183 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2184
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2185 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2186 <entry>01</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2187 <entry>integer (16 bit in big endian order follows)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2188 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2189 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2190 <entry>02</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2191 <entry> external symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2192 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2193
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2194 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2195 <entry>03</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2196 <entry>local symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2197 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2198
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2199 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2200 <entry>04</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2201 <entry>operator (1 byte operator number)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2202 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2203 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2204 <entry>05</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2205 <entry>section base address reference</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2206 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2207
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2208 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2209 <entry>FF</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2210 <entry>This term will set flags for the expression. Each one of these terms will set a single flag. All of them should be specified first in an expression. If they are not, the behaviour is undefined. The byte following is the flag. Flag 01 indicates an 8 bit relocation. Flag 02 indicates a zero-width relocation (see the EXTDEP pseudo op in LWASM).</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2211 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2212 </tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2213 </tgroup>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2214 </table>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2215
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2216
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2217 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2218 External references are resolved using other object files while local
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2219 references are resolved using the local symbol table(s) from this file. This
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2220 allows local symbols that are not exported to have the same names as
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2221 exported symbols or external references.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2222 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2223
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2224 <table frame="all"><title>Object File Operator Numbers</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2225 <tgroup cols="2">
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2226 <thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2227 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2228 <entry>Number</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2229 <entry>Operator</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2230 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2231 </thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2232 <tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2233 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2234 <entry>01</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2235 <entry>addition (+)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2236 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2237 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2238 <entry>02</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2239 <entry>subtraction (-)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2240 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2241 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2242 <entry>03</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2243 <entry>multiplication (*)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2244 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2245 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2246 <entry>04</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2247 <entry>division (/)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2248 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2249 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2250 <entry>05</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2251 <entry>modulus (%)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2252 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2253 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2254 <entry>06</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2255 <entry>integer division (\) (same as division)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2256 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2257
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2258 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2259 <entry>07</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2260 <entry>bitwise and</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2261 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2262
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2263 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2264 <entry>08</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2265 <entry>bitwise or</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2266 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2267
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2268 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2269 <entry>09</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2270 <entry>bitwise xor</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2271 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2272
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2273 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2274 <entry>0A</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2275 <entry>boolean and</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2276 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2277
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2278 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2279 <entry>0B</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2280 <entry>boolean or</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2281 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2282
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2283 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2284 <entry>0C</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2285 <entry>unary negation, 2's complement (-)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2286 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2287
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2288 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2289 <entry>0D</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2290 <entry>unary 1's complement (^)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2291 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2292 </tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2293 </tgroup>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2294 </table>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2295
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2296 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2297 An expression is represented in a postfix manner with both operands for
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2298 binary operators preceding the operator and the single operand for unary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2299 operators preceding the operator.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2300 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2301
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2302 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2303 </book>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2304