Mercurial > hg > index.cgi
annotate docs/manual/manual.html @ 371:2593fd529be5
Change PRAGMA_SHADOW to behave more as expected
Removed hack that allowed shadowing 6309 operation codes in 6809 mode. With
recent changes to the assembler adding flexibility to 6809/6309 modes with
pragmas, this adds complexity that is not clearly beneficial and would
almost certainly lead to a great deal of confusion on the part of the user.
author | William Astle <lost@l-w.ca> |
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date | Mon, 22 Jun 2015 19:16:13 -0600 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> |
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2 <HTML |
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3 ><HEAD |
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4 ><TITLE |
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5 >LW Tool Chain</TITLE |
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6 ><META |
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7 NAME="GENERATOR" |
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"></HEAD |
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9 ><BODY |
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10 CLASS="BOOK" |
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11 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" |
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12 TEXT="#000000" |
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13 LINK="#0000FF" |
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14 VLINK="#840084" |
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15 ALINK="#0000FF" |
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16 ><DIV |
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17 CLASS="BOOK" |
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18 ><A |
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19 NAME="AEN1" |
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20 ></A |
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21 ><DIV |
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22 CLASS="TITLEPAGE" |
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23 ><H1 |
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24 CLASS="TITLE" |
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25 ><A |
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26 NAME="AEN2" |
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27 >LW Tool Chain</A |
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28 ></H1 |
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29 ><H3 |
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30 CLASS="AUTHOR" |
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31 ><A |
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32 NAME="AEN4" |
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33 ></A |
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34 >William Astle</H3 |
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35 ><H3 |
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36 CLASS="AUTHOR" |
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37 ><A |
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38 NAME="AEN7" |
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39 ></A |
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40 >LWTools Contributors </H3 |
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41 ><P |
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42 CLASS="COPYRIGHT" |
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43 >Copyright © 2009-2015 William Astle and LWTools contributors</P |
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44 ><HR></DIV |
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45 ><DIV |
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46 CLASS="TOC" |
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47 ><DL |
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48 ><DT |
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49 ><B |
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50 >Table of Contents</B |
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51 ></DT |
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52 ><DT |
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53 >1. <A |
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54 HREF="#AEN13" |
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55 >Introduction</A |
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56 ></DT |
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57 ><DD |
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58 ><DL |
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59 ><DT |
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60 >1.1. <A |
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61 HREF="#AEN16" |
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62 >History</A |
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63 ></DT |
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64 ></DL |
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65 ></DD |
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66 ><DT |
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67 >2. <A |
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68 HREF="#AEN21" |
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69 >Output Formats</A |
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70 ></DT |
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71 ><DD |
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72 ><DL |
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73 ><DT |
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74 >2.1. <A |
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75 HREF="#AEN24" |
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76 >Raw Binaries</A |
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77 ></DT |
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78 ><DT |
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79 >2.2. <A |
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80 HREF="#AEN27" |
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81 >DECB Binaries</A |
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82 ></DT |
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83 ><DT |
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84 >2.3. <A |
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85 HREF="#AEN32" |
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86 >ASCII Hexadecimal</A |
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87 ></DT |
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88 ><DT |
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89 >2.4. <A |
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90 HREF="#AEN36" |
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91 >Motorola S-Record</A |
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92 ></DT |
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93 ><DT |
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94 >2.5. <A |
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95 HREF="#AEN41" |
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96 >Intel Hex</A |
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97 ></DT |
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98 ><DT |
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99 >2.6. <A |
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100 HREF="#AEN46" |
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101 >OS9 Modules</A |
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102 ></DT |
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103 ><DT |
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104 >2.7. <A |
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105 HREF="#AEN54" |
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106 >Object Files</A |
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107 ></DT |
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108 ></DL |
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109 ></DD |
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110 ><DT |
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111 >3. <A |
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112 HREF="#AEN62" |
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113 >LWASM</A |
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114 ></DT |
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115 ><DD |
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116 ><DL |
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117 ><DT |
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118 >3.1. <A |
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119 HREF="#AEN65" |
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120 >Command Line Options</A |
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121 ></DT |
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122 ><DT |
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123 >3.2. <A |
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124 HREF="#AEN208" |
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125 >Dialects</A |
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126 ></DT |
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127 ><DT |
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128 >3.3. <A |
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129 HREF="#AEN217" |
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130 >Source Format</A |
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131 ></DT |
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132 ><DT |
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133 >3.4. <A |
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134 HREF="#AEN227" |
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135 >Symbols</A |
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136 ></DT |
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137 ><DT |
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138 >3.5. <A |
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139 HREF="#AEN232" |
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140 >Numbers and Expressions</A |
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141 ></DT |
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142 ><DT |
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143 >3.6. <A |
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144 HREF="#AEN240" |
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145 >Assembler Directives</A |
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146 ></DT |
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147 ><DD |
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148 ><DL |
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149 ><DT |
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150 >3.6.1. <A |
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151 HREF="#AEN243" |
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152 >Data Directives</A |
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153 ></DT |
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154 ><DT |
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155 >3.6.2. <A |
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156 HREF="#AEN354" |
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157 >Address Definition</A |
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158 ></DT |
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159 ><DT |
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160 >3.6.3. <A |
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161 HREF="#AEN401" |
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162 >Conditional Assembly</A |
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163 ></DT |
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164 ><DT |
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165 >3.6.4. <A |
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166 HREF="#AEN466" |
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167 >OS9 Target Directives</A |
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168 ></DT |
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169 ><DT |
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170 >3.6.5. <A |
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171 HREF="#AEN491" |
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172 >Miscelaneous Directives</A |
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173 ></DT |
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174 ></DL |
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175 ></DD |
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176 ><DT |
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177 >3.7. <A |
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178 HREF="#AEN531" |
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179 >Macros</A |
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180 ></DT |
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181 ><DT |
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182 >3.8. <A |
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183 HREF="#AEN554" |
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184 >Structures</A |
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185 ></DT |
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186 ><DT |
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187 >3.9. <A |
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188 HREF="#AEN575" |
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189 >Object Files and Sections</A |
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190 ></DT |
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191 ><DT |
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192 >3.10. <A |
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193 HREF="#AEN639" |
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194 >Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A |
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195 ></DT |
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196 ></DL |
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197 ></DD |
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198 ><DT |
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199 >4. <A |
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200 HREF="#AEN745" |
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201 >LWLINK</A |
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202 ></DT |
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203 ><DD |
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204 ><DL |
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205 ><DT |
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206 >4.1. <A |
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207 HREF="#AEN748" |
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208 >Command Line Options</A |
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209 ></DT |
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210 ><DT |
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211 >4.2. <A |
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212 HREF="#AEN845" |
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213 >Linker Operation</A |
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214 ></DT |
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215 ><DT |
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216 >4.3. <A |
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217 HREF="#AEN859" |
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218 >Linking Scripts</A |
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219 ></DT |
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220 ><DT |
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221 >4.4. <A |
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222 HREF="#AEN925" |
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223 >Format Specific Linking Notes</A |
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224 ></DT |
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225 ><DD |
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226 ><DL |
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227 ><DT |
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228 >4.4.1. <A |
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229 HREF="#AEN928" |
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230 >OS9 Modules</A |
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231 ></DT |
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232 ></DL |
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233 ></DD |
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234 ></DL |
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235 ></DD |
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236 ><DT |
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237 >5. <A |
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238 HREF="#AEN940" |
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239 >Libraries and LWAR</A |
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240 ></DT |
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241 ><DD |
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242 ><DL |
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243 ><DT |
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244 >5.1. <A |
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245 HREF="#AEN944" |
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246 >Command Line Options</A |
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247 ></DT |
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248 ></DL |
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249 ></DD |
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250 ><DT |
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251 >6. <A |
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252 HREF="#OBJCHAP" |
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253 >Object Files</A |
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254 ></DT |
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255 ></DL |
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256 ></DIV |
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257 ><DIV |
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258 CLASS="LOT" |
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259 ><DL |
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260 CLASS="LOT" |
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261 ><DT |
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262 ><B |
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263 >List of Tables</B |
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264 ></DT |
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265 ><DT |
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266 >6-1. <A |
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267 HREF="#AEN1027" |
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268 >Object File Term Types</A |
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269 ></DT |
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270 ><DT |
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271 >6-2. <A |
369
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272 HREF="#AEN1057" |
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273 >Object File Operator Numbers</A |
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274 ></DT |
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275 ></DL |
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276 ></DIV |
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277 ><DIV |
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278 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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279 ><HR><H1 |
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280 ><A |
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281 NAME="AEN13" |
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282 ></A |
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283 >Chapter 1. Introduction</H1 |
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284 ><P |
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285 >The LW tool chain provides utilities for building binaries for MC6809 and |
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286 HD6309 CPUs. The tool chain includes a cross-assembler and a cross-linker |
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287 which support several styles of output.</P |
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288 ><DIV |
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289 CLASS="SECTION" |
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290 ><HR><H2 |
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291 CLASS="SECTION" |
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292 ><A |
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293 NAME="AEN16" |
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294 >1.1. History</A |
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295 ></H2 |
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296 ><P |
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297 >For a long time, I have had an interest in creating an operating system for |
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298 the Coco3. I finally started working on that project around the beginning of |
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299 2006. I had a number of assemblers I could choose from. Eventually, I settled |
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300 on one and started tinkering. After a while, I realized that assembler was not |
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301 going to be sufficient due to lack of macros and issues with forward references. |
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302 Then I tried another which handled forward references correctly but still did |
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303 not support macros. I looked around at other assemblers and they all lacked |
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304 one feature or another that I really wanted for creating my operating system.</P |
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305 ><P |
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306 >The solution seemed clear at that point. I am a fair programmer so I figured |
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307 I could write an assembler that would do everything I wanted an assembler to |
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308 do. Thus the LWASM probject was born. After more than two years of on and off |
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309 work, version 1.0 of LWASM was released in October of 2008.</P |
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310 ><P |
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311 >As the aforementioned operating system project progressed further, it became |
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312 clear that while assembling the whole project through a single file was doable, |
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313 it was not practical. When I found myself playing some fancy games with macros |
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314 in a bid to simulate sections, I realized I needed a means of assembling |
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315 source files separately and linking them later. This spawned a major development |
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316 effort to add an object file support to LWASM. It also spawned the LWLINK |
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317 project to provide a means to actually link the files.</P |
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318 ></DIV |
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319 ></DIV |
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320 ><DIV |
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321 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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322 ><HR><H1 |
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323 ><A |
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324 NAME="AEN21" |
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325 ></A |
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326 >Chapter 2. Output Formats</H1 |
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327 ><P |
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328 >The LW tool chain supports multiple output formats. Each format has its |
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329 advantages and disadvantages. Each format is described below.</P |
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330 ><DIV |
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331 CLASS="SECTION" |
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332 ><HR><H2 |
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333 CLASS="SECTION" |
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334 ><A |
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335 NAME="AEN24" |
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336 >2.1. Raw Binaries</A |
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337 ></H2 |
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338 ><P |
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339 >A raw binary is simply a string of bytes. There are no headers or other |
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340 niceties. Both LWLINK and LWASM support generating raw binaries. ORG directives |
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341 in the source code only serve to set the addresses that will be used for |
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342 symbols but otherwise have no direct impact on the resulting binary.</P |
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343 ></DIV |
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344 ><DIV |
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345 CLASS="SECTION" |
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346 ><HR><H2 |
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347 CLASS="SECTION" |
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348 ><A |
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349 NAME="AEN27" |
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350 >2.2. DECB Binaries</A |
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351 ></H2 |
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352 ><P |
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353 >A DECB binary is compatible with the LOADM command in Disk Extended |
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354 Color Basic on the CoCo. They are also compatible with CLOADM from Extended |
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355 Color Basic. These binaries include the load address of the binary as well |
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356 as encoding an execution address. These binaries may contain multiple loadable |
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357 sections, each of which has its own load address.</P |
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358 ><P |
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359 >Each binary starts with a preamble. Each preamble is five bytes long. The |
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360 first byte is zero. The next two bytes specify the number of bytes to load |
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361 and the last two bytes specify the address to load the bytes at. Then, a |
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362 string of bytes follows. After this string of bytes, there may be another |
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363 preamble or a postamble. A postamble is also five bytes in length. The first |
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364 byte of the postamble is $FF, the next two are zero, and the last two are |
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365 the execution address for the binary.</P |
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366 ><P |
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367 >Both LWASM and LWLINK can output this format.</P |
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368 ></DIV |
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369 ><DIV |
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370 CLASS="SECTION" |
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371 ><HR><H2 |
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372 CLASS="SECTION" |
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373 ><A |
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374 NAME="AEN32" |
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375 >2.3. ASCII Hexadecimal</A |
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376 ></H2 |
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377 ><P |
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378 >This human-readable ASCII hexadecimal format consists of CR+LF terminated |
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379 lines of ASCII text. Each line has the following structure: a zero-padded |
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380 four-digit ASCII hex address, a colon separator, and one or more zero-padded |
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381 two-digit hex values separated by commas. ASCII Hexadecimal format favors |
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382 paragraph-aligned addresses (i.e. a least significant address nybble value |
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383 of zero). During output, the number of hex values on each line are adjusted |
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384 to align the address of the next line on a paragraph boundary. The sequence |
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385 of addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal file directly follows that of the source |
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386 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence |
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387 addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal output.</P |
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388 ><P |
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389 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.</P |
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390 ></DIV |
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391 ><DIV |
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392 CLASS="SECTION" |
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393 ><HR><H2 |
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394 CLASS="SECTION" |
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395 ><A |
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396 NAME="AEN36" |
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397 >2.4. Motorola S-Record</A |
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398 ></H2 |
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399 ><P |
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400 >This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII |
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401 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character |
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402 "S", an ASCII record type digit (0-9), a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a |
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403 four-digit ASCII hex address, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data |
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404 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only S0, |
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405 S1, S5 and S9 record types. S1 records are limited to maximum of 16 data bytes |
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406 in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The address |
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407 sequence of the S-Records directly follows that of the source file; multiple |
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408 ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence addresses in |
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409 the S-Record output. </P |
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410 ><P |
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411 >Motorola S-Record format is a standard ASCII format accepted by most memory |
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412 device programming equipment. It is particularly useful when the assembled |
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413 code output is destined to reside within an EPROM or Flash memory device, |
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414 for example.</P |
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415 ><P |
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416 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10. LWLINK can output this format |
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417 since version 4.11.</P |
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418 ></DIV |
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419 ><DIV |
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420 CLASS="SECTION" |
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421 ><HR><H2 |
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422 CLASS="SECTION" |
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423 ><A |
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424 NAME="AEN41" |
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425 >2.5. Intel Hex</A |
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426 ></H2 |
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427 ><P |
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428 >This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII |
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429 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character |
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430 ":", a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a four-digit ASCII hex address, a two- |
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431 digit ASCII hex record type, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data |
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432 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only 00, |
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433 and 01 Intel Hex record types. Data records are limited to maximum of 16 |
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434 data bytes in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The |
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435 address sequence of the Intel hex records directly follows that of the source |
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436 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence |
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437 addresses in the Intel Hex output. </P |
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438 ><P |
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439 >Intel Hex format is the other standard ASCII format accepted by most memory |
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440 device programming equipment, it and the Motorola S-Record format are used for |
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441 similar purposes.</P |
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442 ><P |
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443 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.</P |
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444 ></DIV |
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445 ><DIV |
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446 CLASS="SECTION" |
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447 ><HR><H2 |
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448 CLASS="SECTION" |
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449 ><A |
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450 NAME="AEN46" |
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451 >2.6. OS9 Modules</A |
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452 ></H2 |
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453 ><P |
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454 > Since version 2.5, LWASM is able to generate OS9 modules. The syntax is |
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455 basically the same as for other assemblers. A module starts with the MOD |
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456 directive and ends with the EMOD directive. The OS9 directive is provided |
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457 as a shortcut for writing system calls. </P |
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458 ><P |
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459 > LWASM does NOT provide an OS9Defs file. You must provide your own. Also note |
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460 that the common practice of using "ifp1" around the inclusion of the OS9Defs |
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461 file is discouraged as it is pointless and can lead to unintentional |
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462 problems and phasing errors. Because LWASM reads each file exactly once, |
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463 there is no benefit to restricting the inclusion to the first assembly pass. </P |
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464 ><P |
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465 > As of version 4.5, LWASM also implements the standard data/code address |
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466 streams for OS9 modules. That means that between MOD and EMOD, any RMB, |
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467 RMD, RMQ, or equivalent directives will move the data address ahead and |
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468 leave the code address unmodified. Outside of an actual module, both the |
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469 code and data addresses are moved ahead equally. That last bit is critical |
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470 to understand because it means any directives that follow an EMOD directive |
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471 may have different results than other assemblers. </P |
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472 ><P |
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473 > Additionally, within a module body, the ORG directive sets only the data |
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474 address, not the code address. However, outside a module body, ORG sets both |
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475 addresses. </P |
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476 ><P |
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477 >Both code and data addresses are reset to 0 by the MOD directive.</P |
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478 ><P |
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479 > As of version 4.5, LWLINK also supports creation of OS9 modules. </P |
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480 ></DIV |
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481 ><DIV |
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482 CLASS="SECTION" |
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483 ><HR><H2 |
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484 CLASS="SECTION" |
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485 ><A |
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486 NAME="AEN54" |
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487 >2.7. Object Files</A |
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488 ></H2 |
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489 ><P |
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490 >LWASM supports generating a proprietary object file format which is |
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491 described in <A |
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492 HREF="#OBJCHAP" |
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493 >Chapter 6</A |
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494 >. LWLINK is then used to link these |
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495 object files into a final binary in any of LWLINK's supported binary |
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496 formats.</P |
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497 ><P |
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498 >Object files also support the concept of sections which are not valid |
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499 for other output types. This allows related code from each object file |
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500 linked to be collapsed together in the final binary.</P |
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501 ><P |
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502 >Object files are very flexible in that they allow references that are not |
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503 known at assembly time to be resolved at link time. However, because the |
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504 addresses of such references are not known at assembly time, there is no way |
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505 for the assembler to deduce that an eight bit addressing mode is possible. |
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506 That means the assember will default to using sixteen bit addressing |
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507 whenever an external or cross-section reference is used.</P |
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508 ><P |
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509 >As of LWASM 2.4, it is possible to force direct page addressing for an |
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510 external reference. Care must be taken to ensure the resulting addresses |
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511 are really in the direct page since the linker does not know what the direct |
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512 page is supposed to be and does not emit errors for byte overflows.</P |
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513 ><P |
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514 >It is also possible to use external references in an eight bit immediate |
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515 mode instruction. In this case, only the low order eight bits will be used. |
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516 Again, no byte overflows will be flagged.</P |
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517 ></DIV |
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518 ></DIV |
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519 ><DIV |
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520 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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521 ><HR><H1 |
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522 ><A |
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523 NAME="AEN62" |
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524 ></A |
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525 >Chapter 3. LWASM</H1 |
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526 ><P |
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527 >The LWTOOLS assembler is called LWASM. This chapter documents the various |
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528 features of the assembler. It is not, however, a tutorial on 6x09 assembly |
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529 language programming.</P |
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530 ><DIV |
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531 CLASS="SECTION" |
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532 ><HR><H2 |
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533 CLASS="SECTION" |
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534 ><A |
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535 NAME="AEN65" |
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536 >3.1. Command Line Options</A |
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537 ></H2 |
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538 ><P |
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539 >The binary for LWASM is called "lwasm". Note that the binary is in lower |
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540 case. lwasm takes the following command line arguments.</P |
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541 ><P |
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542 ></P |
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543 ><DIV |
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544 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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545 ><DL |
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546 ><DT |
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547 ><CODE |
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548 CLASS="OPTION" |
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549 >--6309</CODE |
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550 >, <CODE |
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551 CLASS="OPTION" |
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552 >-3</CODE |
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553 ></DT |
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554 ><DD |
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555 ><P |
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556 >This will cause the assembler to accept the additional instructions available |
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557 on the 6309 processor. This is the default mode; this option is provided for |
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558 completeness and to override preset command arguments.</P |
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559 ></DD |
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560 ><DT |
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561 ><CODE |
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562 CLASS="OPTION" |
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563 >--6800compat</CODE |
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564 ></DT |
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565 ><DD |
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566 ><P |
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567 >This is equivalent to <CODE |
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568 CLASS="OPTION" |
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569 >--pragma=6800compat</CODE |
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570 >.</P |
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571 ><P |
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572 >This will enable recognition of 6800 compatibility instructions.</P |
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573 ></DD |
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574 ><DT |
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575 ><CODE |
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576 CLASS="OPTION" |
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577 >--6809</CODE |
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578 >, <CODE |
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579 CLASS="OPTION" |
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580 >-9</CODE |
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581 ></DT |
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582 ><DD |
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583 ><P |
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584 >This will cause the assembler to reject instructions that are only available |
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585 on the 6309 processor.</P |
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586 ></DD |
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587 ><DT |
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588 ><CODE |
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589 CLASS="OPTION" |
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590 >--decb</CODE |
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591 >, <CODE |
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592 CLASS="OPTION" |
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593 >-b</CODE |
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594 ></DT |
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595 ><DD |
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596 ><P |
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597 >Select the DECB output format target. Equivalent to <CODE |
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598 CLASS="OPTION" |
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599 >--format=decb</CODE |
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600 >.</P |
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601 ><P |
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602 >While this is the default output format currently, it is not safe to rely |
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603 on that fact. Future versions may have different defaults. It is also trivial |
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604 to modify the source code to change the default. Thus, it is recommended to specify |
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605 this option if you need DECB output.</P |
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606 ></DD |
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607 ><DT |
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608 ><CODE |
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609 CLASS="OPTION" |
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610 >--format=type</CODE |
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611 >, <CODE |
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612 CLASS="OPTION" |
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613 >-f type</CODE |
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614 ></DT |
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615 ><DD |
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616 ><P |
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617 >Select the output format. Valid values are <CODE |
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618 CLASS="OPTION" |
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619 >obj</CODE |
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620 > for the |
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621 object file target, <CODE |
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622 CLASS="OPTION" |
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623 >decb</CODE |
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624 > for the DECB LOADM format, |
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625 <CODE |
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626 CLASS="OPTION" |
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627 >os9</CODE |
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628 > for creating OS9 modules, <CODE |
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629 CLASS="OPTION" |
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630 >raw</CODE |
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631 > for |
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632 a raw binary, <CODE |
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633 CLASS="OPTION" |
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634 >hex</CODE |
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635 > for ASCII hexadecminal format, |
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636 <CODE |
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637 CLASS="OPTION" |
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638 >srec</CODE |
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639 > for Motorola S-Record format, and <CODE |
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640 CLASS="OPTION" |
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641 >ihex</CODE |
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642 > |
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643 for Intel Hex format.</P |
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644 ></DD |
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645 ><DT |
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646 ><CODE |
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647 CLASS="OPTION" |
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648 >--list[=file]</CODE |
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649 >, <CODE |
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650 CLASS="OPTION" |
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651 >-l[file]</CODE |
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652 ></DT |
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653 ><DD |
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654 ><P |
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655 >Cause LWASM to generate a listing. If <CODE |
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656 CLASS="OPTION" |
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657 >file</CODE |
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658 > is specified, |
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659 the listing will go to that file. Otherwise it will go to the standard output |
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660 stream. By default, no listing is generated. Unless <CODE |
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661 CLASS="OPTION" |
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662 >--symbols</CODE |
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663 > |
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664 is specified, the list will not include the symbol table.</P |
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665 ></DD |
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666 ><DT |
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667 ><CODE |
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668 CLASS="OPTION" |
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669 >--symbols</CODE |
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670 >, <CODE |
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671 CLASS="OPTION" |
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672 >-s</CODE |
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673 ></DT |
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674 ><DD |
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675 ><P |
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676 >Causes LWASM to generate a list of symbols when generating a listing. |
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677 It has no effect unless a listing is being generated.</P |
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678 ></DD |
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679 ><DT |
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680 ><CODE |
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681 CLASS="OPTION" |
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682 >--symbols-nolocals</CODE |
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683 ></DT |
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684 ><DD |
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685 ><P |
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686 >Behaves just like <CODE |
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687 CLASS="OPTION" |
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688 >--symbols</CODE |
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689 > but with local labels omitted.</P |
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690 ></DD |
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691 ><DT |
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692 ><CODE |
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693 CLASS="OPTION" |
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694 >--map=FILE</CODE |
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695 ></DT |
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696 ><DD |
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697 ><P |
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698 > This option generates a map file which can be used by debuggers and monitors to provide symbol information. A map file may be created independent of a listing file. (Patches are pending for MAME and exec09.) </P |
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699 ></DD |
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700 ><DT |
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701 ><CODE |
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702 CLASS="OPTION" |
153
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703 >--obj</CODE |
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|
704 ></DT |
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|
705 ><DD |
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|
706 ><P |
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|
707 >Select the proprietary object file format as the output target.</P |
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|
708 ></DD |
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|
709 ><DT |
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|
710 ><CODE |
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|
711 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
712 >--output=FILE</CODE |
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|
713 >, <CODE |
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|
714 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
715 >-o FILE</CODE |
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|
716 ></DT |
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|
717 ><DD |
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718 ><P |
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719 >This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the |
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|
720 default is <CODE |
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|
721 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
722 >a.out</CODE |
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|
723 >.</P |
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|
724 ></DD |
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|
725 ><DT |
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|
726 ><CODE |
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|
727 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
728 >--pragma=pragma</CODE |
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|
729 >, <CODE |
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|
730 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
731 >-p pragma</CODE |
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|
732 ></DT |
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|
733 ><DD |
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|
734 ><P |
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735 >Specify assembler pragmas. Multiple pragmas are separated by commas. The |
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|
736 pragmas accepted are the same as for the PRAGMA assembler directive described |
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|
737 below.</P |
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|
738 ></DD |
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|
739 ><DT |
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|
740 ><CODE |
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|
741 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
742 >--raw</CODE |
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|
743 >, <CODE |
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|
744 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
745 >-r</CODE |
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|
746 ></DT |
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|
747 ><DD |
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|
748 ><P |
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|
749 >Select raw binary as the output target.</P |
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|
750 ></DD |
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|
751 ><DT |
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|
752 ><CODE |
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|
753 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
754 >--includedir=path</CODE |
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|
755 >, <CODE |
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|
756 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
757 >-I path</CODE |
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|
758 ></DT |
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|
759 ><DD |
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|
760 ><P |
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|
761 >Add <CODE |
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|
762 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
763 >path</CODE |
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|
764 > to the end of the include path.</P |
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765 ></DD |
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|
766 ><DT |
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767 ><CODE |
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|
768 CLASS="OPTION" |
231
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|
769 >--define=SYM[=VAL]</CODE |
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|
770 >, <CODE |
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771 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
772 >-D SYM[=VAL]</CODE |
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773 ></DT |
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774 ><DD |
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775 ><P |
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|
776 >Pre-defines the symbol SYM as either the specified VAL. If VAL is omitted, |
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777 the symbol is defined as 1. The symbol will be defined as though it were |
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778 defined using the SET directive in the assembly source. That means it can |
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779 be overridden by a SET directive within the source code. Attempting to |
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780 redefine SYM using EQU will result in a multiply defined symbol error.</P |
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781 ></DD |
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782 ><DT |
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783 ><CODE |
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|
784 CLASS="OPTION" |
153
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|
785 >--help</CODE |
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|
786 >, <CODE |
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|
787 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
788 >-?</CODE |
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|
789 ></DT |
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|
790 ><DD |
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|
791 ><P |
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792 >Present a help screen describing the command line options.</P |
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793 ></DD |
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794 ><DT |
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795 ><CODE |
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796 CLASS="OPTION" |
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797 >--usage</CODE |
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798 ></DT |
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799 ><DD |
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800 ><P |
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801 >Provide a summary of the command line options.</P |
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802 ></DD |
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803 ><DT |
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804 ><CODE |
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805 CLASS="OPTION" |
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806 >--version</CODE |
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807 >, <CODE |
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808 CLASS="OPTION" |
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809 >-V</CODE |
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|
810 ></DT |
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|
811 ><DD |
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812 ><P |
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|
813 >Display the software version.</P |
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814 ></DD |
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815 ><DT |
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816 ><CODE |
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817 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
818 >--debug</CODE |
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|
819 >, <CODE |
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|
820 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
821 >-d</CODE |
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|
822 ></DT |
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823 ><DD |
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824 ><P |
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825 >Increase the debugging level. Only really useful to people hacking on the |
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|
826 LWASM source code itself.</P |
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|
827 ></DD |
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828 ></DL |
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829 ></DIV |
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830 ></DIV |
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|
831 ><DIV |
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|
832 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
833 ><HR><H2 |
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|
834 CLASS="SECTION" |
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835 ><A |
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836 NAME="AEN208" |
153
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837 >3.2. Dialects</A |
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838 ></H2 |
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839 ><P |
333
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840 > LWASM supports all documented MC6809 instructions as defined by |
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841 Motorola. By default, this does not include any MC6800 compatibility |
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842 instructions. As of LWASM 4.11, those compatibility instructions can be |
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843 enabled using the <CODE |
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844 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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845 >--6800compat</CODE |
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846 > option or the |
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847 <CODE |
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848 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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849 >6800compat</CODE |
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850 > pragma. It also supports all known HD6309 |
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851 instructions. While there is general agreement on the pneumonics for most |
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852 of the 6309 instructions, there is some variance with the block transfer |
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853 instructions. TFM for all four variations seems to have gained the most |
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854 traction and, thus, this is the form that is recommended for LWASM. |
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855 However, it also supports COPY, COPY-, IMP, EXP, TFRP, TFRM, TFRS, and TFRR. |
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856 It further adds COPY+ as a synomym for COPY, IMPLODE for IMP, and EXPAND for |
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857 EXP. </P |
153
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858 ><P |
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859 >By default, LWASM accepts 6309 instructions. However, using the |
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|
860 <CODE |
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|
861 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
862 >--6809</CODE |
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863 > parameter, you can cause it to throw errors on |
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|
864 6309 instructions instead.</P |
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865 ><P |
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866 >The standard addressing mode specifiers are supported. These are the |
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|
867 hash sign ("#") for immediate mode, the less than sign ("<") for forced |
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868 eight bit modes, and the greater than sign (">") for forced sixteen bit modes.</P |
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869 ><P |
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870 >Additionally, LWASM supports using the asterisk ("*") to indicate |
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871 base page addressing. This should not be used in hand-written source code, |
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872 however, because it is non-standard and may or may not be present in future |
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|
873 versions of LWASM.</P |
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874 ></DIV |
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|
875 ><DIV |
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|
876 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
877 ><HR><H2 |
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878 CLASS="SECTION" |
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879 ><A |
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880 NAME="AEN217" |
153
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881 >3.3. Source Format</A |
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882 ></H2 |
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883 ><P |
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884 >LWASM accepts plain text files in a relatively free form. It can handle |
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885 lines terminated with CR, LF, CRLF, or LFCR which means it should be able |
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886 to assemble files on any platform on which it compiles.</P |
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|
887 ><P |
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888 >Each line may start with a symbol. If a symbol is present, there must not |
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889 be any whitespace preceding it. It is legal for a line to contain nothing |
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|
890 but a symbol.</P |
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891 ><P |
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892 >The op code is separated from the symbol by whitespace. If there is |
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893 no symbol, there must be at least one white space character preceding it. |
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894 If applicable, the operand follows separated by whitespace. Following the |
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895 opcode and operand is an optional comment.</P |
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896 ><P |
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897 > It is important to note that operands cannot contain any whitespace |
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898 except in the case of delimited strings. This is because the first |
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899 whitespace character will be interpreted as the separator between the |
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900 operand column and the comment. This behaviour is required for approximate |
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901 source compatibility with other 6x09 assemblers. </P |
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902 ><P |
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903 >A comment can also be introduced with a * or a ;. The comment character is |
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904 optional for end of statement comments. However, if a symbol is the only |
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905 thing present on the line other than the comment, the comment character is |
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906 mandatory to prevent the assembler from interpreting the comment as an opcode.</P |
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907 ><P |
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908 >For compatibility with the output generated by some C preprocessors, LWASM |
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909 will also ignore lines that begin with a #. This should not be used as a general |
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910 comment character, however.</P |
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911 ><P |
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912 >The opcode is not treated case sensitively. Neither are register names in |
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913 the operand fields. Symbols, however, are case sensitive.</P |
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914 ><P |
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915 > As of version 2.6, LWASM supports files with line numbers. If line |
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916 numbers are present, the line must start with a digit. The line number |
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917 itself must consist only of digits. The line number must then be followed |
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918 by either the end of the line or exactly one white space character. After |
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919 that white space character, the lines are interpreted exactly as above. </P |
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920 ></DIV |
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921 ><DIV |
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922 CLASS="SECTION" |
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923 ><HR><H2 |
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924 CLASS="SECTION" |
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925 ><A |
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926 NAME="AEN227" |
153
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927 >3.4. Symbols</A |
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|
928 ></H2 |
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|
929 ><P |
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930 >Symbols have no length restriction. They may contain letters, numbers, dots, |
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931 dollar signs, and underscores. They must start with a letter, dot, or |
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932 underscore.</P |
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933 ><P |
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934 >LWASM also supports the concept of a local symbol. A local symbol is one |
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935 which contains either a "?" or a "@", which can appear anywhere in the symbol. |
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|
936 The scope of a local symbol is determined by a number of factors. First, |
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|
937 each included file gets its own local symbol scope. A blank line will also |
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|
938 be considered a local scope barrier. Macros each have their own local symbol |
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|
939 scope as well (which has a side effect that you cannot use a local symbol |
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940 as an argument to a macro). There are other factors as well. In general, |
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|
941 a local symbol is restricted to the block of code it is defined within.</P |
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|
942 ><P |
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943 >By default, unless assembling to the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will |
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944 also make it local. This can be controlled by the "dollarlocal" and |
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945 "nodollarlocal" pragmas. In the absence of a pragma to the contrary, for |
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946 the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will not make it considered local while |
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|
947 for all other targets it will.</P |
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|
948 ></DIV |
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949 ><DIV |
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|
950 CLASS="SECTION" |
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951 ><HR><H2 |
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|
952 CLASS="SECTION" |
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953 ><A |
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954 NAME="AEN232" |
153
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955 >3.5. Numbers and Expressions</A |
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956 ></H2 |
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957 ><P |
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958 > Numbers can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal. Binary |
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959 numbers may be prefixed with a "%" symbol or suffixed with a "b" or "B". |
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960 Octal numbers may be prefixed with "@" or suffixed with "Q", "q", "O", or |
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961 "o". Hexadecimal numbers may be prefixed with "$", "0x" or "0X", or suffixed |
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962 with "H". No prefix or suffix is required for decimal numbers but they can |
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963 be prefixed with "&" if desired. Any constant which begins with a letter |
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|
964 must be expressed with the correct prefix base identifier or be prefixed |
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965 with a 0. Thus hexadecimal FF would have to be written either 0FFH or $FF. |
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|
966 Numbers are not case sensitive. </P |
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|
967 ><P |
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968 > A symbol may appear at any point where a number is acceptable. The |
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969 special symbol "*" can be used to represent the starting address of the |
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|
970 current source line within expressions. </P |
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|
971 ><P |
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972 >The ASCII value of a character can be included by prefixing it with a |
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973 single quote ('). The ASCII values of two characters can be included by |
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974 prefixing the characters with a quote (").</P |
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|
975 ><P |
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976 > LWASM supports the following basic binary operators: +, -, *, /, and %. |
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977 These represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and |
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978 modulus. It also supports unary negation and unary 1's complement (- and ^ |
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979 respectively). It is also possible to use ~ for the unary 1's complement |
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980 operator. For completeness, a unary positive (+) is supported though it is |
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981 a no-op. LWASM also supports using |, &, and ^ for bitwise or, bitwise and, |
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982 and bitwise exclusive or respectively. </P |
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|
983 ><P |
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984 > Operator precedence follows the usual rules. Multiplication, division, and |
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985 modulus take precedence over addition and subtraction. Unary operators take |
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986 precedence over binary operators. Bitwise operators are lower precdence |
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987 than addition and subtraction. To force a specific order of evaluation, |
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988 parentheses can be used in the usual manner. </P |
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989 ><P |
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990 > As of LWASM 2.5, the operators && and || are recognized for boolean and and |
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991 boolean or respectively. They will return either 0 or 1 (false or true). |
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992 They have the lowest precedence of all the binary operators. </P |
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993 ></DIV |
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|
994 ><DIV |
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|
995 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
996 ><HR><H2 |
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|
997 CLASS="SECTION" |
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998 ><A |
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999 NAME="AEN240" |
153
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1000 >3.6. Assembler Directives</A |
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1001 ></H2 |
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1002 ><P |
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1003 >Various directives can be used to control the behaviour of the |
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1004 assembler or to include non-code/data in the resulting output. Those directives |
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1005 that are not described in detail in other sections of this document are |
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|
1006 described below.</P |
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1007 ><DIV |
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1008 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1009 ><HR><H3 |
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1010 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1011 ><A |
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|
1012 NAME="AEN243" |
153
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1013 >3.6.1. Data Directives</A |
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1014 ></H3 |
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1015 ><P |
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1016 ></P |
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1017 ><DIV |
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|
1018 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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1019 ><DL |
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1020 ><DT |
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1021 >FCB <CODE |
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1022 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1023 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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1024 >, .DB <CODE |
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1025 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1026 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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1027 >, .BYTE <CODE |
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|
1028 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1029 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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1030 ></DT |
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1031 ><DD |
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1032 ><P |
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1033 >Include one or more constant bytes (separated by commas) in the output.</P |
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1034 ></DD |
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1035 ><DT |
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|
1036 >FDB <CODE |
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|
1037 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1038 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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|
1039 >, .DW <CODE |
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|
1040 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1041 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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1042 >, .WORD <CODE |
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1043 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1044 >expr[,...]</CODE |
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1045 ></DT |
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1046 ><DD |
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1047 ><P |
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1048 >Include one or more words (separated by commas) in the output.</P |
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1049 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1050 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1051 >FQB <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1052 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1053 >expr[,...]</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1054 >, .QUAD <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1055 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1056 >expr[,...]</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1057 >, .4BYTE <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1058 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1059 >expr[,...]</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1060 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1061 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1062 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1063 >Include one or more double words (separated by commas) in the output.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1064 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1065 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1066 >FCC <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1067 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1068 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1069 >, .ASCII <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1070 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1071 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1072 >, .STR <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1073 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1074 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1075 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1076 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1077 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1078 >Include a string of text in the output. The first character of the operand |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1079 is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and cannot appear |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1080 within the string. The string is included with no modifications></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1081 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1082 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1083 >FCN <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1084 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1085 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1086 >, .ASCIZ <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1087 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1088 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1089 >, .STRZ <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1090 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1091 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1092 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1093 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1094 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1095 >Include a NUL terminated string of text in the output. The first character of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1096 the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1097 cannot appear within the string. A NUL byte is automatically appended to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1098 the string.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1099 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1100 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1101 >FCS <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1102 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1103 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1104 >, .ASCIS <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1105 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1106 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1107 >, .STRS <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1108 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1109 >string</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1110 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1111 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1112 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1113 >Include a string of text in the output with bit 7 of the final byte set. The |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1114 first character of the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1115 character and cannot appear within the string.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1116 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1117 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1118 >ZMB <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1119 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1120 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1121 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1122 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1123 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1124 >Include a number of NUL bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1125 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1126 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1127 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1128 >ZMD <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1129 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1130 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1131 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1132 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1133 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1134 >Include a number of zero words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1135 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1136 permitted.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1137 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1138 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1139 >ZMQ <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1140 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1141 >expr<CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1142 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1143 ></CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1144 ></CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1145 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1146 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1147 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1148 >Include a number of zero double-words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1149 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1150 permitted.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1151 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1152 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1153 >RMB <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1154 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1155 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1156 >, .BLKB <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1157 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1158 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1159 >, .DS <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1160 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1161 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1162 >, .RS <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1163 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1164 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1165 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1166 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1167 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1168 >Reserve a number of bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1169 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1170 The value of the bytes is undefined.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1171 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1172 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1173 >RMD <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1174 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1175 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1176 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1177 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1178 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1179 >Reserve a number of words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1180 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1181 permitted. The value of the words is undefined.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1182 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1183 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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1184 >RMQ <CODE |
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parents:
diff
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|
1185 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1186 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1187 ></DT |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1188 ><DD |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1189 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1190 >Reserve a number of double-words in the output. The number must be fully |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1191 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1192 permitted. The value of the double-words is undefined.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1193 ></DD |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1194 ><DT |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1195 >INCLUDEBIN <CODE |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1196 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1197 >filename</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1198 ></DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1199 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1200 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1201 >Treat the contents of <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1202 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1203 >filename</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1204 > as a string of bytes to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1205 be included literally at the current assembly point. This has the same effect |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1206 as converting the file contents to a series of FCB statements and including |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1207 those at the current assembly point.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1208 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1209 > If <CODE |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1210 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1211 >filename</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1212 > beings with a /, the file name |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1213 will be taken as absolute. Otherwise, the current directory will be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1214 searched followed by the search path in the order specified.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1215 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1216 > Please note that absolute path detection including drive letters will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1217 not function correctly on Windows platforms. Non-absolute inclusion will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1218 work, however.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
1219 ></DD |
254
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Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1220 ><DT |
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|
1221 >FILL <CODE |
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|
1222 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
155799f6cfa5
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1223 >size</CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1224 >,<CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1225 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1226 >byte</CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1227 ></DT |
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Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
diff
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|
1228 ><DD |
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Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
diff
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|
1229 ><P |
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253
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|
1230 >Insert <CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
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|
1231 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
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|
1232 >size</CODE |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
diff
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|
1233 > bytes of <CODE |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
diff
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|
1234 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
155799f6cfa5
Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
diff
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|
1235 >byte</CODE |
155799f6cfa5
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
diff
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|
1236 >.</P |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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253
diff
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|
1237 ></DD |
153
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|
1238 ></DL |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1239 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1240 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1241 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1242 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1243 ><HR><H3 |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1244 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1245 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
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|
1246 NAME="AEN354" |
153
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parents:
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|
1247 >3.6.2. Address Definition</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1248 ></H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1249 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1250 >The directives in this section all control the addresses of symbols |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1251 or the assembly process itself.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1252 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1253 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1254 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1255 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1256 ><DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1257 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1258 >ORG <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1259 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1260 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1261 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1262 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1263 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1264 >Set the assembly address. The address must be fully resolvable on the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1265 first pass so no external or forward references are permitted. ORG is not |
324
b30091890d62
Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
316
diff
changeset
|
1266 permitted within sections when outputting to object files. For target formats |
b30091890d62
Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
316
diff
changeset
|
1267 that include address information (decb, hex, srec, and ihex), an ORG |
b30091890d62
Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
316
diff
changeset
|
1268 directive will re-start the address sequence within the output. When using |
b30091890d62
Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
316
diff
changeset
|
1269 the raw target format, ORG is used only to determine the addresses of symbols.</P |
153
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parents:
diff
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|
1270 ></DD |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1271 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1272 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1273 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1274 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1275 > EQU <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1276 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1277 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1278 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1279 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1280 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1281 > = <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1282 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1283 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1284 ></DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1285 ><DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1286 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1287 >Define the value of <CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1288 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1289 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1290 > to be <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1291 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1292 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1293 >.</P |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1294 ></DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1295 ><DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1296 ><CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1297 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1298 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1299 > SET <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1300 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1301 >expr</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1302 ></DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1303 ><DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1304 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1305 >Define the value of <CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1306 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1307 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1308 > to be <CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1309 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1310 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1311 >. |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1312 Unlike EQU, SET permits symbols to be defined multiple times as long as SET |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1313 is used for all instances. Use of the symbol before the first SET statement |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1314 that sets its value is undefined.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1315 ></DD |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1316 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
1317 >SETDP <CODE |
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1318 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1319 >expr</CODE |
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1320 ></DT |
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|
1321 ><DD |
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1322 ><P |
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1323 >Inform the assembler that it can assume the DP register contains |
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1324 <CODE |
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1325 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1326 >expr</CODE |
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1327 >. This directive is only advice to the assembler |
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1328 to determine whether an address is in the direct page and has no effect |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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1329 on the contents of the DP register. The value must be fully resolved during |
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|
1330 the first assembly pass because it affects the sizes of subsequent instructions.</P |
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|
1331 ><P |
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|
1332 >This directive has no effect in the object file target.</P |
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|
1333 ></DD |
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|
1334 ><DT |
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|
1335 >ALIGN <CODE |
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|
1336 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1337 >expr</CODE |
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1338 >[,<CODE |
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1339 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1340 >value</CODE |
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1341 >]</DT |
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1342 ><DD |
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1343 ><P |
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1344 >Force the current assembly address to be a multiple of |
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1345 <CODE |
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1346 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1347 >expr</CODE |
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1348 >. If <CODE |
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|
1349 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1350 >value</CODE |
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1351 > is not |
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1352 specified, a series of NUL bytes is output to force the alignment, if |
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1353 required. Otherwise, the low order 8 bits of <CODE |
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1354 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1355 >value</CODE |
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1356 > |
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|
1357 will be used as the fill. The alignment value must be fully resolved on the |
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parents:
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1358 first pass because it affects the addresses of subsquent instructions. |
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1359 However, <CODE |
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|
1360 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1361 >value</CODE |
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|
1362 > may include forward references; as |
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|
1363 long as it resolves to a constant for the second pass, the value will be |
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|
1364 accepted.</P |
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|
1365 ><P |
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1366 >Unless <CODE |
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|
1367 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1368 >value</CODE |
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|
1369 > is specified as something like $12, |
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|
1370 this directive is not suitable for inclusion in the middle of actual code. |
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1371 The default padding value is $00 which is intended to be used within data |
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|
1372 blocks. </P |
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|
1373 ></DD |
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|
1374 ></DL |
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|
1375 ></DIV |
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|
1376 ></DIV |
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|
1377 ><DIV |
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|
1378 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1379 ><HR><H3 |
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1380 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1381 ><A |
369
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|
1382 NAME="AEN401" |
153
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1383 >3.6.3. Conditional Assembly</A |
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1384 ></H3 |
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1385 ><P |
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1386 >Portions of the source code can be excluded or included based on conditions |
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1387 known at assembly time. Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily deeply. The |
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1388 directives associated with conditional assembly are described in this section.</P |
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1389 ><P |
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1390 >All conditionals must be fully bracketed. That is, every conditional |
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1391 statement must eventually be followed by an ENDC at the same level of nesting.</P |
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1392 ><P |
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1393 >Conditional expressions are only evaluated on the first assembly pass. |
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|
1394 It is not possible to game the assembly process by having a conditional |
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1395 change its value between assembly passes. Due to the underlying architecture |
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1396 of LWASM, there is no possible utility to IFP1 and IFP2, nor can they, as of LWASM 3.0, actually |
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|
1397 be implemented meaningfully. Thus there is not and never will |
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|
1398 be any equivalent of IFP1 or IFP2 as provided by other assemblers. Use of those opcodes |
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1399 will throw a warning and be ignored.</P |
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1400 ><P |
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1401 >It is important to note that if a conditional does not resolve to a constant |
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1402 during the first parsing pass, an error will be thrown. This is unavoidable because the assembler |
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1403 must make a decision about which source to include and which source to exclude at this stage. |
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1404 Thus, expressions that work normally elsewhere will not work for conditions.</P |
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1405 ><P |
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1406 ></P |
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|
1407 ><DIV |
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|
1408 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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1409 ><DL |
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1410 ><DT |
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|
1411 >IFEQ <CODE |
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|
1412 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1413 >expr</CODE |
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|
1414 ></DT |
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|
1415 ><DD |
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|
1416 ><P |
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|
1417 >If <CODE |
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|
1418 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1419 >expr</CODE |
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|
1420 > evaluates to zero, the conditional |
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|
1421 will be considered true.</P |
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|
1422 ></DD |
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|
1423 ><DT |
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|
1424 >IFNE <CODE |
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|
1425 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1426 >expr</CODE |
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|
1427 >, IF <CODE |
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|
1428 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1429 >expr</CODE |
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|
1430 ></DT |
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|
1431 ><DD |
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|
1432 ><P |
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|
1433 >If <CODE |
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|
1434 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1435 >expr</CODE |
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|
1436 > evaluates to a non-zero value, the conditional |
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|
1437 will be considered true.</P |
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|
1438 ></DD |
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|
1439 ><DT |
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|
1440 >IFGT <CODE |
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|
1441 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1442 >expr</CODE |
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1443 ></DT |
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1444 ><DD |
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|
1445 ><P |
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|
1446 >If <CODE |
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|
1447 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1448 >expr</CODE |
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|
1449 > evaluates to a value greater than zero, the conditional |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1450 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1451 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1452 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1453 >IFGE <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1454 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1455 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1456 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1457 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1458 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1459 >If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1460 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1461 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1462 > evaluates to a value greater than or equal to zero, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1463 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1464 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1465 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1466 >IFLT <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1467 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1468 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1469 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1470 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1471 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1472 >If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1473 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1474 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1475 > evaluates to a value less than zero, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1476 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1477 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1478 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1479 >IFLE <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1480 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1481 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1482 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1483 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1484 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1485 >If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1486 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1487 >expr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1488 > evaluates to a value less than or equal to zero , the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1489 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1490 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1491 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1492 >IFDEF <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1493 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1494 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1495 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1496 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1497 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1498 >If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1499 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1500 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1501 > is defined at this point in the assembly |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1502 process, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1503 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1504 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1505 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1506 >IFNDEF <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1507 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1508 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1509 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1510 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1511 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1512 >If <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1513 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1514 >sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1515 > is not defined at this point in the assembly |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1516 process, the conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1517 will be considered true.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1518 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1519 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1520 >ELSE</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1521 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1522 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1523 >If the preceding conditional at the same level of nesting was false, the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1524 statements following will be assembled. If the preceding conditional at |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1525 the same level was true, the statements following will not be assembled. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1526 Note that the preceding conditional might have been another ELSE statement |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1527 although this behaviour is not guaranteed to be supported in future versions |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1528 of LWASM.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1529 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1530 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1531 >ENDC</DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1532 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1533 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1534 >This directive marks the end of a conditional construct. Every conditional |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1535 construct must end with an ENDC directive.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1536 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1537 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1538 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1539 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1540 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1541 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1542 ><HR><H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1543 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1544 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
changeset
|
1545 NAME="AEN466" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1546 >3.6.4. OS9 Target Directives</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1547 ></H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1548 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1549 >This section includes directives that apply solely to the OS9 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1550 target.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1551 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1552 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1553 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1554 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1555 ><DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1556 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1557 >OS9 <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1558 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1559 >syscall</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1560 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1561 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1562 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1563 > This directive generates a call to the specified system call. <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1564 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1565 >syscall</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1566 > may be an arbitrary expression. </P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1567 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1568 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1569 >MOD <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1570 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1571 >size</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1572 >,<CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1573 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1574 >name</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1575 >,<CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1576 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1577 >type</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1578 >,<CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1579 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1580 >flags</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1581 >,<CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1582 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1583 >execoff</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1584 >,<CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1585 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1586 >datasize</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1587 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
1588 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
1589 ><P |
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parents:
diff
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|
1590 > This tells LWASM that the beginning of the actual module is here. It will |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1591 generate a module header based on the parameters specified. It will also |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1592 begin calcuating the module CRC. </P |
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parents:
diff
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|
1593 ><P |
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parents:
diff
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|
1594 > The precise meaning of the various parameters is beyond the scope of this |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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diff
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|
1595 document since it is not a tutorial on OS9 module programming. </P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
1596 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
1597 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
1598 >EMOD</DT |
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|
1599 ><DD |
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|
1600 ><P |
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1601 > This marks the end of a module and causes LWASM to emit the calculated CRC |
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|
1602 for the module. </P |
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|
1603 ></DD |
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|
1604 ></DL |
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1605 ></DIV |
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1606 ></DIV |
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|
1607 ><DIV |
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1608 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1609 ><HR><H3 |
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1610 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1611 ><A |
369
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Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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1612 NAME="AEN491" |
153
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1613 >3.6.5. Miscelaneous Directives</A |
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1614 ></H3 |
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1615 ><P |
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1616 >This section includes directives that do not fit into the other |
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1617 categories.</P |
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1618 ><P |
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1619 ></P |
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|
1620 ><DIV |
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|
1621 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
1622 ><DL |
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1623 ><DT |
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|
1624 >INCLUDE <CODE |
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|
1625 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1626 >filename</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1627 >, USE <CODE |
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|
1628 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
1629 >filename</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1630 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
1631 ><DD |
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|
1632 ><P |
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parents:
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|
1633 > Include the contents of <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1634 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1635 >filename</CODE |
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|
1636 > at |
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parents:
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|
1637 this point in the assembly as though it were a part of the file currently |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
1638 being processed. Note that if whitespace appears in the name of the file, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
1639 you must enclose <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1640 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1641 >filename</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1642 > in quotes.</P |
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|
1643 ><P |
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1644 >Note that the USE variation is provided only for compatibility with other |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
1645 assemblers. It is recommended to use the INCLUDE variation.</P |
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parents:
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|
1646 ><P |
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|
1647 >If <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1648 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1649 >filename</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1650 > begins with a "/", it is |
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diff
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|
1651 interpreted as an absolute path. If it does not, the search path will be used |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
1652 to find the file. First, the directory containing the file that contains this |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
1653 directive. (Includes within an included file are relative to the included file, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
1654 not the file that included it.) If the file is not found there, the include path |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
1655 is searched. If it is still not found, an error will be thrown. Note that the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
1656 current directory as understood by your shell or operating system is not searched.</P |
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parents:
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|
1657 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
1658 ><DT |
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|
1659 >END <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1660 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
1661 >[expr]</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1662 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
1663 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
1664 ><P |
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parents:
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|
1665 >This directive causes the assembler to stop assembling immediately as though |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1666 it ran out of input. For the DECB target only, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
1667 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1668 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1669 > |
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parents:
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|
1670 can be used to set the execution address of the resulting binary. For all |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
1671 other targets, specifying <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1672 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
1673 >expr</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1674 > will cause an error.</P |
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parents:
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|
1675 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
1676 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
1677 >ERROR <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1678 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
1679 >string</CODE |
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parents:
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|
1680 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
1681 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
1682 ><P |
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parents:
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|
1683 >Causes a custom error message to be printed at this line. This will cause |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
1684 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
1685 to cause assembly to fail if some condition that is known bad happens. Everything |
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parents:
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|
1686 from the directive to the end of the line is considered the error message.</P |
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parents:
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|
1687 ></DD |
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|
1688 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
1689 >WARNING <CODE |
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parents:
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|
1690 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1691 >string</CODE |
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|
1692 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
1693 ><DD |
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|
1694 ><P |
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parents:
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|
1695 >Causes a custom warning message to be printed at this line. This will not cause |
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diff
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|
1696 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs |
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|
1697 or include files to alert the programmer to a deprecated feature being used |
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|
1698 or some other condition that may cause trouble later, but which may, in fact, |
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|
1699 not cause any trouble.</P |
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|
1700 ></DD |
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|
1701 ><DT |
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|
1702 >.MODULE <CODE |
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|
1703 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1704 >string</CODE |
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|
1705 ></DT |
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|
1706 ><DD |
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|
1707 ><P |
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|
1708 >This directive is ignored for most output targets. If the output target |
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|
1709 supports encoding a module name into it, <CODE |
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|
1710 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1711 >string</CODE |
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|
1712 > |
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|
1713 will be used as the module name.</P |
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|
1714 ><P |
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|
1715 >As of version 3.0, no supported output targets support this directive.</P |
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|
1716 ></DD |
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|
1717 ></DL |
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1718 ></DIV |
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1719 ></DIV |
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|
1720 ></DIV |
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|
1721 ><DIV |
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|
1722 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1723 ><HR><H2 |
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|
1724 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1725 ><A |
369
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1726 NAME="AEN531" |
153
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1727 >3.7. Macros</A |
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|
1728 ></H2 |
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|
1729 ><P |
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1730 >LWASM is a macro assembler. A macro is simply a name that stands in for a |
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|
1731 series of instructions. Once a macro is defined, it is used like any other |
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|
1732 assembler directive. Defining a macro can be considered equivalent to adding |
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|
1733 additional assembler directives.</P |
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|
1734 ><P |
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1735 >Macros may accept parameters. These parameters are referenced within a |
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|
1736 macro by the a backslash ("\") followed by a digit 1 through 9 for the first |
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1737 through ninth parameters. They may also be referenced by enclosing the |
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1738 decimal parameter number in braces ("{num}"). The special expansion "\*" |
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1739 translates to the exact parameter string, including all parameters, passed |
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|
1740 to the macro. These parameter references are replaced with the verbatim text |
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1741 of the parameter passed to the macro. A reference to a non-existent |
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1742 parameter will be replaced by an empty string. Macro parameters are expanded |
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|
1743 everywhere on each source line. That means the parameter to a macro could be |
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|
1744 used as a symbol or it could even appear in a comment or could cause an |
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1745 entire source line to be commented out when the macro is expanded. </P |
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|
1746 ><P |
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1747 >Parameters passed to a macro are separated by commas and the parameter list |
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1748 is terminated by any whitespace. This means that neither a comma nor whitespace |
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1749 may be included in a macro parameter.</P |
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|
1750 ><P |
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1751 >Macro expansion is done recursively. That is, within a macro, macros are |
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|
1752 expanded. This can lead to infinite loops in macro expansion. If the assembler |
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|
1753 hangs for a long time while assembling a file that uses macros, this may be |
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|
1754 the reason.</P |
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|
1755 ><P |
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1756 >Each macro expansion receives its own local symbol context which is not |
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|
1757 inherited by any macros called by it nor is it inherited from the context |
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1758 the macro was instantiated in. That means it is possible to use local symbols |
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|
1759 within macros without having them collide with symbols in other macros or |
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1760 outside the macro itself. However, this also means that using a local symbol |
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|
1761 as a parameter to a macro, while legal, will not do what it would seem to do |
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1762 as it will result in looking up the local symbol in the macro's symbol context |
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|
1763 rather than the enclosing context where it came from, likely yielding either |
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|
1764 an undefined symbol error or bizarre assembly results.</P |
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|
1765 ><P |
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1766 >Note that there is no way to define a macro as local to a symbol context. All |
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|
1767 macros are part of the global macro namespace. However, macros have a separate |
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1768 namespace from symbols so it is possible to have a symbol with the same name |
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1769 as a macro.</P |
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|
1770 ><P |
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1771 >Macros are defined only during the first pass. Macro expansion also |
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1772 only occurs during the first pass. On the second pass, the macro |
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|
1773 definition is simply ignored. Macros must be defined before they are used.</P |
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|
1774 ><P |
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1775 >The following directives are used when defining macros.</P |
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|
1776 ><P |
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1777 ></P |
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|
1778 ><DIV |
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|
1779 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
1780 ><DL |
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|
1781 ><DT |
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|
1782 ><CODE |
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|
1783 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1784 >macroname</CODE |
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|
1785 > MACRO [NOEXPAND]</DT |
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|
1786 ><DD |
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|
1787 ><P |
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1788 >This directive is used to being the definition of a macro called |
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|
1789 <CODE |
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|
1790 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1791 >macroname</CODE |
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|
1792 >. If <CODE |
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|
1793 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1794 >macroname</CODE |
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|
1795 > already |
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|
1796 exists, it is considered an error. Attempting to define a macro within a |
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1797 macro is undefined. It may work and it may not so the behaviour should not |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
1798 be relied upon.</P |
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|
1799 ><P |
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|
1800 >If NOEXPAND is specified, the macro will not be expanded in a program |
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|
1801 listing. Instead, all bytes emitted by all instructions within the macro |
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|
1802 will appear to be emitted on the line where the macro is invoked, starting |
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|
1803 at the address of the line of the invokation. If the macro uses ORG or other |
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|
1804 directives that define symbols or change the assembly address, these things |
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|
1805 will also be hidden (except in the symbol table) and the output bytes will |
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|
1806 appear with incorrect address attribution. Thus, NOEXPAND should only be |
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|
1807 used for macros that do not mess with the assembly address or otherwise |
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|
1808 define symbols that should be visible.</P |
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|
1809 ></DD |
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|
1810 ><DT |
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|
1811 >ENDM</DT |
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|
1812 ><DD |
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|
1813 ><P |
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1814 >This directive indicates the end of the macro currently being defined. It |
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|
1815 causes the assembler to resume interpreting source lines as normal.</P |
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|
1816 ></DD |
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|
1817 ></DL |
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|
1818 ></DIV |
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|
1819 ></DIV |
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|
1820 ><DIV |
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|
1821 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1822 ><HR><H2 |
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|
1823 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
1824 ><A |
369
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
1825 NAME="AEN554" |
153
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|
1826 >3.8. Structures</A |
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|
1827 ></H2 |
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|
1828 ><P |
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|
1829 > Structures are used to group related data in a fixed structure. A structure |
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1830 consists a number of fields, defined in sequential order and which take up |
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1831 specified size. The assembler does not enforce any means of access within a |
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|
1832 structure; it assumes that whatever you are doing, you intended to do. |
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1833 There are two pseudo ops that are used for defining structures. </P |
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|
1834 ><P |
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|
1835 ></P |
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|
1836 ><DIV |
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|
1837 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
1838 ><DL |
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|
1839 ><DT |
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|
1840 ><CODE |
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|
1841 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
1842 >structname</CODE |
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|
1843 > STRUCT</DT |
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|
1844 ><DD |
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1845 ><P |
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1846 > This directive is used to begin the definition of a structure with name |
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1847 <CODE |
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1848 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1849 >structname</CODE |
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1850 >. Subsequent statements all form part of |
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1851 the structure definition until the end of the structure is declared. </P |
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1852 ></DD |
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1853 ><DT |
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1854 >ENDSTRUCT, ENDS</DT |
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1855 ><DD |
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1856 ><P |
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1857 >This directive ends the definition of the structure. ENDSTRUCT is the |
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1858 preferred form. Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS was used to end a |
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1859 section instead of a structure.</P |
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1860 ></DD |
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1861 ></DL |
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1862 ></DIV |
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1863 ><P |
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1864 > Within a structure definition, only reservation pseudo ops are permitted. |
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1865 Anything else will cause an assembly error.</P |
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1866 ><P |
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1867 > Once a structure is defined, you can reserve an area of memory in the |
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1868 same structure by using the structure name as the opcode. Structures can |
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1869 also contain fields that are themselves structures. See the example |
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1870 below.</P |
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1871 ><PRE |
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1872 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
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1873 >tstruct2 STRUCT |
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1874 f1 rmb 1 |
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1875 f2 rmb 1 |
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1876 ENDSTRUCT |
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1877 |
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1878 tstruct STRUCT |
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1879 field1 rmb 2 |
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1880 field2 rmb 3 |
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1881 field3 tstruct2 |
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1882 ENDSTRUCT |
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1883 |
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1884 ORG $2000 |
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1885 var1 tstruct |
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1886 var2 tstruct2</PRE |
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1887 ><P |
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1888 >Fields are referenced using a dot (.) as a separator. To refer to the |
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1889 generic offset within a structure, use the structure name to the left of the |
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1890 dot. If referring to a field within an actual variable, use the variable's |
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1891 symbol name to the left of the dot.</P |
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1892 ><P |
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1893 >You can also refer to the actual size of a structure (or a variable |
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1894 declared as a structure) using the special symbol sizeof{structname} where |
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1895 structname will be the name of the structure or the name of the |
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1896 variable.</P |
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1897 ><P |
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1898 >Essentially, structures are a shortcut for defining a vast number of |
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1899 symbols. When a structure is defined, the assembler creates symbols for the |
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1900 various fields in the form structname.fieldname as well as the appropriate |
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1901 sizeof{structname} symbol. When a variable is declared as a structure, the |
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1902 assembler does the same thing using the name of the variable. You will see |
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1903 these symbols in the symbol table when the assembler is instructed to |
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1904 provide a listing. For instance, the above listing will create the |
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1905 following symbols (symbol values in parentheses): tstruct2.f1 (0), |
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1906 tstruct2.f2 (1), sizeof{tstruct2} (2), tstruct.field1 (0), tstruct.field2 |
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1907 (2), tstruct.field3 (5), tstruct.field3.f1 (5), tstruct.field3.f2 (6), |
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1908 sizeof{tstruct.field3} (2), sizeof{tstruct} (7), var1 {$2000}, var1.field1 |
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1909 {$2000}, var1.field2 {$2002}, var1.field3 {$2005}, var1.field3.f1 {$2005}, |
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1910 var1.field3.f2 {$2006}, sizeof(var1.field3} (2), sizeof{var1} (7), var2 |
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1911 ($2007), var2.f1 ($2007), var2.f2 ($2008), sizeof{var2} (2). </P |
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1912 ></DIV |
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1913 ><DIV |
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1914 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1915 ><HR><H2 |
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1916 CLASS="SECTION" |
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1917 ><A |
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1918 NAME="AEN575" |
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1919 >3.9. Object Files and Sections</A |
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1920 ></H2 |
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1921 ><P |
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1922 >The object file target is very useful for large project because it allows |
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1923 multiple files to be assembled independently and then linked into the final |
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1924 binary at a later time. It allows only the small portion of the project |
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1925 that was modified to be re-assembled rather than requiring the entire set |
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1926 of source code to be available to the assembler in a single assembly process. |
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1927 This can be particularly important if there are a large number of macros, |
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1928 symbol definitions, or other metadata that uses resources at assembly time. |
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1929 By far the largest benefit, however, is keeping the source files small enough |
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1930 for a mere mortal to find things in them.</P |
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1931 ><P |
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1932 >With multi-file projects, there needs to be a means of resolving references to |
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1933 symbols in other source files. These are known as external references. The |
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1934 addresses of these symbols cannot be known until the linker joins all the |
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1935 object files into a single binary. This means that the assembler must be |
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1936 able to output the object code without knowing the value of the symbol. This |
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1937 places some restrictions on the code generated by the assembler. For |
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1938 example, the assembler cannot generate direct page addressing for instructions |
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1939 that reference external symbols because the address of the symbol may not |
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1940 be in the direct page. Similarly, relative branches and PC relative addressing |
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1941 cannot be used in their eight bit forms. Everything that must be resolved |
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1942 by the linker must be assembled to use the largest address size possible to |
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1943 allow the linker to fill in the correct value at link time. Note that the |
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1944 same problem applies to absolute address references as well, even those in |
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1945 the same source file, because the address is not known until link time.</P |
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1946 ><P |
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1947 >It is often desired in multi-file projects to have code of various types grouped |
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1948 together in the final binary generated by the linker as well. The same applies |
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1949 to data. In order for the linker to do that, the bits that are to be grouped |
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1950 must be tagged in some manner. This is where the concept of sections comes in. |
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1951 Each chunk of code or data is part of a section in the object file. Then, |
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1952 when the linker reads all the object files, it coalesces all sections of the |
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1953 same name into a single section and then considers it as a unit.</P |
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1954 ><P |
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1955 >The existence of sections, however, raises a problem for symbols even |
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1956 within the same source file. Thus, the assembler must treat symbols from |
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1957 different sections within the same source file in the same manner as external |
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1958 symbols. That is, it must leave them for the linker to resolve at link time, |
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1959 with all the limitations that entails.</P |
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1960 ><P |
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1961 >In the object file target mode, LWASM requires all source lines that |
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1962 cause bytes to be output to be inside a section. Any directives that do |
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1963 not cause any bytes to be output can appear outside of a section. This includes |
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1964 such things as EQU or RMB. Even ORG can appear outside a section. ORG, however, |
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1965 makes no sense within a section because it is the linker that determines |
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1966 the starting address of the section's code, not the assembler.</P |
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1967 ><P |
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1968 >All symbols defined globally in the assembly process are local to the |
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1969 source file and cannot be exported. All symbols defined within a section are |
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1970 considered local to the source file unless otherwise explicitly exported. |
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1971 Symbols referenced from external source files must be declared external, |
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1972 either explicitly or by asking the assembler to assume that all undefined |
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1973 symbols are external.</P |
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1974 ><P |
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1975 >It is often handy to define a number of memory addresses that will be |
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1976 used for data at run-time but which need not be included in the binary file. |
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1977 These memory addresses are not initialized until run-time, either by the |
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1978 program itself or by the program loader, depending on the operating environment. |
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1979 Such sections are often known as BSS sections. LWASM supports generating |
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1980 sections with a BSS attribute set which causes the section definition including |
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1981 symbols exported from that section and those symbols required to resolve |
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1982 references from the local file, but with no actual code in the object file. |
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1983 It is illegal for any source lines within a BSS flagged section to cause any |
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1984 bytes to be output.</P |
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1985 ><P |
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1986 >The following directives apply to section handling.</P |
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1987 ><P |
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1988 ></P |
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1989 ><DIV |
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1990 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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1991 ><DL |
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1992 ><DT |
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1993 >SECTION <CODE |
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1994 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1995 >name[,flags]</CODE |
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1996 >, SECT <CODE |
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1997 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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1998 >name[,flags]</CODE |
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1999 >, .AREA <CODE |
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2000 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2001 >name[,flags]</CODE |
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2002 ></DT |
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2003 ><DD |
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2004 ><P |
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2005 >Instructs the assembler that the code following this directive is to be |
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2006 considered part of the section <CODE |
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2007 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2008 >name</CODE |
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2009 >. A section name |
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2010 may appear multiple times in which case it is as though all the code from |
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2011 all the instances of that section appeared adjacent within the source file. |
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2012 However, <CODE |
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2013 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2014 >flags</CODE |
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2015 > may only be specified on the first |
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2016 instance of the section.</P |
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2017 ><P |
168 | 2018 ><CODE |
153
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2019 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2020 >flags</CODE |
168 | 2021 > is a comma separated list of flags. If a |
2022 flag is "bss", the section will be treated as a BSS section and no | |
2023 statements that generate output are permitted.</P | |
2024 ><P | |
2025 >If the flag is "constant", | |
2026 the same restrictions apply as for BSS sections. Additionally, all symbols | |
2027 defined in a constant section define absolute values and will not be | |
2028 adjusted by the linker at link time. Constant sections cannot define | |
2029 complex expressions for symbols; the value must be fully defined at assembly | |
2030 time. Additionally, multiple instances of a constant section do not | |
2031 coalesce into a single addressing unit; each instance starts again at offset | |
2032 0.</P | |
153
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2033 ><P |
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2034 >If the section name is "bss" or ".bss" in any combination of upper and |
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2035 lower case, the section is assumed to be a BSS section. In that case, |
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2036 the flag <CODE |
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2037 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2038 >!bss</CODE |
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2039 > can be used to override this assumption.</P |
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2040 ><P |
168 | 2041 > If the section name is "_constants" or "_constant", in any |
2042 combination of upper and lower case, the section is assumed to be a constant | |
2043 section. This assumption can be overridden with the "!constant" | |
2044 flag.</P | |
2045 ><P | |
153
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2046 >If assembly is already happening within a section, the section is implicitly |
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2047 ended and the new section started. This is not considered an error although |
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2048 it is recommended that all sections be explicitly closed.</P |
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2049 ></DD |
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2050 ><DT |
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2051 >ENDSECTION, ENDSECT</DT |
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2052 ><DD |
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2053 ><P |
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2054 >This directive ends the current section. This puts assembly outside of any |
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2055 sections until the next SECTION directive. ENDSECTION is the preferred form. |
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2056 Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS could also be used to end a section but |
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2057 as of version 3.0, it is now an alias for ENDSTRUCT instead.</P |
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2058 ></DD |
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2059 ><DT |
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2060 ><CODE |
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2061 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2062 >sym</CODE |
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2063 > EXTERN, <CODE |
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2064 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2065 >sym</CODE |
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2066 > EXTERNAL, <CODE |
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2067 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2068 >sym</CODE |
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2069 > IMPORT</DT |
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2070 ><DD |
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2071 ><P |
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2072 >This directive defines <CODE |
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2073 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2074 >sym</CODE |
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2075 > as an external symbol. |
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2076 This directive may occur at any point in the source code. EXTERN definitions |
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2077 are resolved on the first pass so an EXTERN definition anywhere in the |
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2078 source file is valid for the entire file. The use of this directive is |
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2079 optional when the assembler is instructed to assume that all undefined |
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2080 symbols are external. In fact, in that mode, if the symbol is referenced |
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2081 before the EXTERN directive, an error will occur.</P |
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2082 ></DD |
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2083 ><DT |
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2084 ><CODE |
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2085 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2086 >sym</CODE |
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2087 > EXPORT, <CODE |
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2088 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2089 >sym</CODE |
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2090 > .GLOBL, EXPORT <CODE |
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2091 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2092 >sym</CODE |
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2093 >, .GLOBL <CODE |
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|
2094 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2095 >sym</CODE |
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2096 ></DT |
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2097 ><DD |
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2098 ><P |
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2099 >This directive defines <CODE |
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2100 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2101 >sym</CODE |
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2102 > as an exported symbol. |
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2103 This directive may occur at any point in the source code, even before the |
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2104 definition of the exported symbol.</P |
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2105 ><P |
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2106 >Note that <CODE |
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2107 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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2108 >sym</CODE |
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2109 > may appear as the operand or as the |
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2110 statement's symbol. If there is a symbol on the statement, that will |
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2111 take precedence over any operand that is present.</P |
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2112 ></DD |
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2113 ><DT |
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|
2114 ><CODE |
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|
2115 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
2116 >sym</CODE |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2117 > EXTDEP</DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
2118 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2119 ><P |
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parents:
diff
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|
2120 >This directive forces an external dependency on |
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parents:
diff
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|
2121 <CODE |
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parents:
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|
2122 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
diff
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|
2123 >sym</CODE |
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parents:
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|
2124 >, even if it is never referenced anywhere else in |
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parents:
diff
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|
2125 this file.</P |
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parents:
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|
2126 ></DD |
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|
2127 ></DL |
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parents:
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|
2128 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
2129 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
2130 ><DIV |
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parents:
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|
2131 CLASS="SECTION" |
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parents:
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|
2132 ><HR><H2 |
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parents:
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|
2133 CLASS="SECTION" |
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2134 ><A |
369
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Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
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2135 NAME="AEN639" |
153
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2136 >3.10. Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A |
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|
2137 ></H2 |
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|
2138 ><P |
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|
2139 >There are a number of options that affect the way assembly is performed. |
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|
2140 Some of these options can only be specified on the command line because |
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diff
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|
2141 they determine something absolute about the assembly process. These include |
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|
2142 such things as the output target. Other things may be switchable during |
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|
2143 the assembly process. These are known as pragmas and are, by definition, |
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|
2144 not portable between assemblers.</P |
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|
2145 ><P |
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|
2146 >LWASM supports a number of pragmas that affect code generation or |
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parents:
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|
2147 otherwise affect the behaviour of the assembler. These may be specified by |
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parents:
diff
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|
2148 way of a command line option or by assembler directives. The directives |
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parents:
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|
2149 are as follows.</P |
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parents:
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|
2150 ><P |
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|
2151 ></P |
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|
2152 ><DIV |
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|
2153 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
2154 ><DL |
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|
2155 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2156 >PRAGMA <CODE |
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parents:
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|
2157 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
2158 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
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parents:
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|
2159 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
2160 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2161 ><P |
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|
2162 >Specifies that the assembler should bring into force all <CODE |
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parents:
diff
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|
2163 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
2164 >pragma</CODE |
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parents:
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|
2165 >s |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
2166 specified. Any unrecognized pragma will cause an assembly error. The new |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2167 pragmas will take effect immediately. This directive should be used when |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
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|
2168 the program will assemble incorrectly if the pragma is ignored or not supported.</P |
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parents:
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|
2169 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
2170 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2171 >*PRAGMA <CODE |
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|
2172 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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|
2173 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
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|
2174 ></DT |
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|
2175 ><DD |
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|
2176 ><P |
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|
2177 >This is identical to the PRAGMA directive except no error will occur with |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
2178 unrecognized or unsupported pragmas. This directive, by virtue of starting |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2179 with a comment character, will also be ignored by assemblers that do not |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2180 support this directive. Use this variation if the pragma is not required |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
2181 for correct functioning of the code.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
2182 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
2183 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2184 >*PRAGMAPUSH <CODE |
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parents:
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|
2185 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
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parents:
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|
2186 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
2187 ></DT |
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parents:
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|
2188 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2189 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2190 >This directive saves the current state of the specified pragma(s) for later retrieval. See discussion below for more information.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
2191 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2192 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
2193 ></DD |
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parents:
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|
2194 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2195 >*PRAGMAPOP <CODE |
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parents:
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|
2196 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
2197 >pragma[,...]</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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|
2198 ></DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
2199 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2200 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2201 >This directive restores the previously saved state of the specified pragma(s). See discussion below for more information.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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|
2202 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2203 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P |
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parents:
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|
2204 ></DD |
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|
2205 ></DL |
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parents:
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|
2206 ></DIV |
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|
2207 ><P |
231
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168
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|
2208 >Each pragma supported has a positive version and a negative version. |
153
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|
2209 The positive version enables the pragma while the negative version disables |
231
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Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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168
diff
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|
2210 it. The negatitve version is simply the positive version with "no" prefixed |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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168
diff
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|
2211 to it. For instance, "pragma" vs. "nopragma". When only one version is |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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168
diff
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|
2212 listed below, its opposite can be obtained by prepending "no" if it is not |
2cc599f1bebf
Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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168
diff
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|
2213 present or removing "no" from the beginning if it is present.</P |
153
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|
2214 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2215 >Pragmas are not case sensitive.</P |
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parents:
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|
2216 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2217 ></P |
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parents:
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|
2218 ><DIV |
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parents:
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|
2219 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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parents:
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|
2220 ><DL |
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|
2221 ><DT |
333
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324
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|
2222 >6800compat</DT |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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|
2223 ><DD |
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|
2224 ><P |
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|
2225 >When in force, this pragma enables recognition of various |
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diff
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|
2226 compatibility instructions useful when assembling 6800 code. These |
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|
2227 compatibility instructions are assembled into equivalent 6809 instructions. |
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diff
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|
2228 This mode also includes several analogous instructions which are not |
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324
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|
2229 strictly 6800 instructions but allow the similar style to be applied to 6809 |
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|
2230 specific features.</P |
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|
2231 ><P |
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|
2232 >Technically, a compliant 6809 assembler must recognize these |
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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324
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|
2233 instructions by default since Motorola advertised the 6809 as being source |
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324
diff
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|
2234 compatible with the 6800. However, most source code does not require this |
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324
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|
2235 compatibility and LWASM itself did not support these instructions prior to |
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|
2236 version 4.11 so this mode is disabled by default.</P |
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|
2237 ></DD |
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|
2238 ><DT |
153
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|
2239 >index0tonone</DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
2240 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
2241 ><P |
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|
2242 >When in force, this pragma enables an optimization affecting indexed addressing |
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parents:
diff
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|
2243 modes. When the offset expression in an indexed mode evaluates to zero but is |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2244 not explicity written as 0, this will replace the operand with the equivalent |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2245 no offset mode, thus creating slightly faster code. Because of the advantages |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2246 of this optimization, it is enabled by default.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2247 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2248 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
2249 >cescapes</DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
2250 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
2251 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2252 >This pragma will cause strings in the FCC, FCS, and FCN pseudo operations to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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changeset
|
2253 have C-style escape sequences interpreted. The one departure from the official |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2254 spec is that unrecognized escape sequences will return either the character |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2255 immediately following the backslash or some undefined value. Do not rely |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2256 on the behaviour of undefined escape sequences.</P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2257 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
2258 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2259 >importundefexport</DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2260 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2261 ><P |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2262 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2263 in force, it will cause the EXPORT directive to act as IMPORT if the symbol |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2264 to be exported is not defined. This is provided for compatibility with the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2265 output of gcc6809 and should not be used in hand written code. Because of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2266 the confusion this pragma can cause, it is disabled by default.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2267 ></DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
2268 ><DT |
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parents:
diff
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|
2269 >undefextern</DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2270 ><DD |
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parents:
diff
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|
2271 ><P |
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parents:
diff
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|
2272 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When in |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2273 force, if the assembler sees an undefined symbol on the second pass, it will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2274 automatically define it as an external symbol. This automatic definition will |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2275 apply for the remainder of the assembly process, even if the pragma is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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diff
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|
2276 subsequently turned off. Because this behaviour would be potentially surprising, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2277 this pragma defaults to off.</P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
2278 ><P |
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|
2279 >The primary use for this pragma is for projects that share a large number of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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2280 symbols between source files. In such cases, it is impractical to enumerate |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
2281 all the external references in every source file. This allows the assembler |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2282 and linker to do the heavy lifting while not preventing a particular source |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2283 module from defining a local symbol of the same name as an external symbol |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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2284 if it does not need the external symbol. (This pragma will not cause an |
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parents:
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2285 automatic external definition if there is already a locally defined symbol.)</P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2286 ><P |
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2287 >This pragma will often be specified on the command line for large projects. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2288 However, depending on the specific dynamics of the project, it may be sufficient |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2289 for one or two files to use this pragma internally.</P |
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|
2290 ></DD |
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|
2291 ><DT |
253 | 2292 >export</DT |
2293 ><DD | |
2294 ><P | |
2295 >This pragma causes all symbols to be added to the export list | |
2296 automatically. This is useful when a large number of symbols need to be | |
2297 exported but you do not wish to include an EXPORT directive for all of them. | |
2298 This is often useful on the command line but might be useful even inline | |
2299 with the PRAGMA directive if a large number of symbols in a row are to be | |
2300 exported.</P | |
2301 ></DD | |
2302 ><DT | |
153
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|
2303 >dollarlocal</DT |
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diff
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|
2304 ><DD |
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|
2305 ><P |
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|
2306 >When set, a "$" in a symbol makes it local. When not set, "$" does not |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
2307 cause a symbol to be local. It is set by default except when using the OS9 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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2308 target.</P |
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parents:
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2309 ></DD |
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|
2310 ><DT |
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2311 >dollarnotlocal</DT |
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff
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|
2312 ><DD |
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|
2313 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2314 > This is the same as the "dollarlocal" pragma except its sense is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2315 reversed. That is, "dollarlocal" and "nodollarnotlocal" are equivalent and |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
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|
2316 "nodollarlocal" and "dollarnotlocal" are equivalent. </P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
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2317 ></DD |
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|
2318 ><DT |
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|
2319 >pcaspcr</DT |
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|
2320 ><DD |
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|
2321 ><P |
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|
2322 > Normally, LWASM makes a distinction between PC and PCR in program |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
2323 counter relative addressing. In particular, the use of PC means an absolute |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2324 offset from PC while PCR causes the assembler to calculate the offset to the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
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|
2325 specified operand and use that as the offset from PC. By setting this |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2326 pragma, you can have PC treated the same as PCR. </P |
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|
2327 ></DD |
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|
2328 ><DT |
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|
2329 >shadow</DT |
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|
2330 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2331 ><P |
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|
2332 >When this pragma is in effect, it becomes possible to define a macro |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
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|
2333 that matches an internal operation code. Thus, it makes it possible to |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2334 redefine either CPU instructions or pseudo operations. Because this feature |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2335 is of dubious utility, it is disabled by default.</P |
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2336 ></DD |
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|
2337 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2338 >nolist</DT |
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|
2339 ><DD |
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|
2340 ><P |
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|
2341 >Lines where this pragma is in effect will not appear in the assembly |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2342 listing. Also, any symbols defined under this pragma will not show up in |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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diff
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|
2343 the symbol list. This is most useful in include files to avoid spamming the |
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|
2344 assembly listing with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of irrelevant |
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|
2345 symbols.</P |
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parents:
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|
2346 ></DD |
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|
2347 ><DT |
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parents:
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|
2348 >autobranchlength</DT |
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parents:
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|
2349 ><DD |
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parents:
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|
2350 ><P |
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|
2351 >One of the perennial annoyances for 6809 programmers is that the |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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diff
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|
2352 mneumonics for the short and long branch instructions are different (bxx vs. |
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|
2353 lbxx), which is at odds with the rest of the instruction set. This pragma |
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|
2354 is a solution to those annoying byte overflow errors that short branch |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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|
2355 instructions tend to aquire.</P |
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parents:
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|
2356 ><P |
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|
2357 >When this pragma is in effect, which is not the default, whenever any |
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|
2358 relative branch instruction is used, its size will be automatically |
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|
2359 determined based on the actual distance to the destination. In other words, |
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|
2360 one can write code with long or short branches everywhere and the assembler |
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|
2361 will choose a size for the branch.</P |
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|
2362 ><P |
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|
2363 >Also, while this pragma is in effect, the > and < symbols can be used |
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|
2364 to force the branch size, analogous to their use for other instructions with |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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|
2365 < forcing 8 bit offsets and > forcing 16 bit offets.</P |
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|
2366 ><P |
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2367 >Because this pragma leads to source that is incompatible with other |
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|
2368 assemblers, it is strongly recommended that it be invoked using the PRAGMA |
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2369 directive within the source code rather than on the command line or via the |
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2370 *PRAGMA directive. This way, an error will be raised if someone tries to |
231
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|
2371 assemble the code under a different assembler.</P |
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diff
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|
2372 ></DD |
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2373 ><DT |
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2374 >nosymbolcase, symbolnocase</DT |
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|
2375 ><DD |
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2376 ><P |
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2377 >Any symbol defined while this pragma is in force will be treated as |
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2378 case insensitive, regardless whether the pragma is in force when the symbol |
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|
2379 is referenced.</P |
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2380 ><P |
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2381 >It is important to note that this pragma will not work as expected in |
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2382 all cases when using the object file assembly target. It is intended for |
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2383 use only when the assembler will be producing the final binary.</P |
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2384 ></DD |
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|
2385 ><DT |
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|
2386 >condundefzero</DT |
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|
2387 ><DD |
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|
2388 ><P |
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|
2389 >This pragma will cause the assembler to change the way it handles |
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2390 symbols in conditional expressions. Ordinarily, any symbol that is not |
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|
2391 defined prior to the conditional will throw an undefined symbol error. With |
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|
2392 this pragma in effect, symbols that are not yet defined at the point the |
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|
2393 conditional is encountered will be treated as zero.</P |
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|
2394 ><P |
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|
2395 >This is not the default because it encourages poor code design. One |
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Added --define to lwasm documentation.
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|
2396 should use the "IFDEF" or "IFNDEF" conditionals to test for the presence of |
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|
2397 a symbol.</P |
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|
2398 ><P |
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|
2399 >It is important to note that if a symbol is defined but it does not |
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2400 yet evaluate to a constant value at the point where the conditional appears, |
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2401 the assembler will still complain about a non constant condition.</P |
153
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|
2402 ></DD |
347
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2403 ><DT |
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2404 >forwardrefmax</DT |
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2405 ><DD |
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2406 ><P |
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2407 >This pragma will disable forward reference optimization completely. |
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2408 Ordinarily, LWASM will attempt to select the shortest possible addressing |
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|
2409 mode for forward references. However, in many source files, especially |
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|
2410 those not using the PCR relative addressing modes, this optimization is |
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|
2411 pointless since the assembler will almost certainly settle on a 16 bit |
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|
2412 offset or address. If all variables in the direct page are defined before |
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|
2413 the main body of the code, the benefit of forward reference optimization |
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|
2414 almost certainly vanishes completely. However, the cost of doing that |
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|
2415 optimization remains and can result in a very long assembly time.</P |
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|
2416 ><P |
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|
2417 >Enabling this pragma will cause all forward references to use the |
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|
2418 maximum offset or address size, much the same has EDTASM and other pure |
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diff
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|
2419 two pass assemblers do. The side effect is that all line lengths and |
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diff
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|
2420 symbol values are fully resolved after the initial parsing pass and the |
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|
2421 amount of work to resolve everything becomes almost nil.</P |
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|
2422 ><P |
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|
2423 >While this pragma can be applied selectively to sections of source |
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|
2424 code (use *PRAGMA if doing so and compatibility with other assemblers |
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|
2425 is desired), it is likely more useful when provided as a command line |
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|
2426 pragma.</P |
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|
2427 ><P |
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|
2428 >It should be noted that the presence or absence of this pragma |
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|
2429 will not change the correctness of the generated code unless cycle counts |
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|
2430 or byte counts are critical (which they usually are not). It also will |
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|
2431 not override the operand size override prefixes (< and >). It only |
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|
2432 applies when the assembler is left to guess what the operand size is.</P |
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|
2433 ></DD |
153
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2434 ></DL |
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|
2435 ></DIV |
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|
2436 ><P |
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|
2437 >As a convenience, each input file has a pragma state stack. This |
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changeset
|
2438 allows, through the use of *PRAGMAPUSH and *PRAGMAPOP, a file to change a |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2439 pragma state and then restore it to the precise state it had previously. |
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diff
changeset
|
2440 If, at the end of an input file, all pragma states have not been popped, |
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diff
changeset
|
2441 they will be removed from the stack. Thus, it is critical to employ |
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diff
changeset
|
2442 *PRAGMAPOP correctly. Because each input file has its own pragma stack, |
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parents:
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|
2443 using *PRAGMAPUSH in one file and *PRAGMAPOP in another file will not |
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|
2444 work.</P |
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parents:
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|
2445 ><P |
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parents:
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|
2446 >Pragma stacks are more useful in include files, in particular in |
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diff
changeset
|
2447 conjunction with the nolist pragma. One can push the state of the nolist |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2448 pragma, engage the nolist pragma, and then pop the state of the nolist |
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|
2449 pragma at the end of the include file. This will cause the entire include |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2450 file to operate under the nolist pragma. However, if the file is included |
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changeset
|
2451 while nolist is already engaged, it will not undo that state.</P |
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parents:
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|
2452 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
2453 ></DIV |
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parents:
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|
2454 ><DIV |
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parents:
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|
2455 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
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parents:
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|
2456 ><HR><H1 |
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|
2457 ><A |
369
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|
2458 NAME="AEN745" |
153
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|
2459 ></A |
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|
2460 >Chapter 4. LWLINK</H1 |
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|
2461 ><P |
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|
2462 >The LWTOOLS linker is called LWLINK. This chapter documents the various features |
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|
2463 of the linker.</P |
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parents:
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|
2464 ><DIV |
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parents:
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|
2465 CLASS="SECTION" |
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parents:
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|
2466 ><HR><H2 |
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parents:
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|
2467 CLASS="SECTION" |
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|
2468 ><A |
369
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|
2469 NAME="AEN748" |
153
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|
2470 >4.1. Command Line Options</A |
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|
2471 ></H2 |
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|
2472 ><P |
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|
2473 >The binary for LWLINK is called "lwlink". Note that the binary is in lower |
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|
2474 case. lwlink takes the following command line arguments.</P |
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|
2475 ><P |
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|
2476 ></P |
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|
2477 ><DIV |
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parents:
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|
2478 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
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|
2479 ><DL |
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|
2480 ><DT |
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|
2481 ><CODE |
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|
2482 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2483 >--decb</CODE |
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|
2484 >, <CODE |
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|
2485 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2486 >-b</CODE |
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|
2487 ></DT |
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|
2488 ><DD |
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|
2489 ><P |
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|
2490 >Selects the DECB output format target. This is equivalent to <CODE |
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|
2491 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2492 >--format=decb</CODE |
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|
2493 ></P |
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|
2494 ></DD |
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|
2495 ><DT |
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|
2496 ><CODE |
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|
2497 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2498 >--output=FILE</CODE |
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|
2499 >, <CODE |
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|
2500 CLASS="OPTION" |
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|
2501 >-o FILE</CODE |
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|
2502 ></DT |
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|
2503 ><DD |
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|
2504 ><P |
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|
2505 >This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the |
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|
2506 default is <CODE |
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changeset
|
2507 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2508 >a.out</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2509 >.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2510 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2511 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2512 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2513 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2514 >--format=TYPE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2515 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2516 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2517 >-f TYPE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2518 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2519 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2520 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2521 >This option specifies the output format. Valid values are <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2522 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2523 >decb</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2524 > |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2525 and <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2526 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2527 >raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2528 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2529 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2530 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2531 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2532 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2533 >--raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2534 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2535 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2536 >-r</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2537 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2538 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2539 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2540 >This option specifies the raw output format. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2541 It is equivalent to <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2542 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2543 >--format=raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2544 > |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2545 and <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2546 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2547 >-f raw</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2548 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2549 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2550 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2551 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2552 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2553 >--script=FILE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2554 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2555 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2556 >-s</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2557 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2558 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2559 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2560 >This option allows specifying a linking script to override the linker's |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2561 built in defaults.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2562 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2563 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2564 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2565 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2566 >--section-base=SECT=BASE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2567 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2568 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2569 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2570 >Cause section SECT to load at base address BASE. This will be prepended |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2571 to the built-in link script. It is ignored if a link script is provided.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2572 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2573 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2574 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2575 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2576 >--map=FILE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2577 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2578 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2579 >-m FILE</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2580 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2581 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2582 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2583 >This will output a description of the link result to FILE.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2584 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2585 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2586 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2587 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2588 >--library=LIBSPEC</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2589 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2590 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2591 >-l LIBSPEC</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2592 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2593 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2594 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2595 >Load a library using the library search path. LIBSPEC will have "lib" prepended |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2596 and ".a" appended.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2597 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2598 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2599 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2600 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2601 >--library-path=DIR</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2602 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2603 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2604 >-L DIR</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2605 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2606 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2607 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2608 >Add DIR to the library search path.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2609 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2610 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2611 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2612 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2613 >--debug</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2614 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2615 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2616 >-d</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2617 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2618 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2619 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2620 >This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2621 developers.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2622 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2623 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2624 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2625 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2626 >--help</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2627 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2628 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2629 >-?</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2630 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2631 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2632 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2633 >This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2634 of each.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2635 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2636 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2637 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2638 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2639 >--usage</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2640 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2641 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2642 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2643 >This will display a usage summary |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2644 of each command line option.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2645 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2646 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2647 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2648 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2649 >--version</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2650 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2651 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2652 >-V</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2653 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2654 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2655 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2656 >This will display the version of LWLINK.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2657 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2658 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2659 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2660 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2661 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2662 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2663 ><HR><H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2664 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2665 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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348
diff
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|
2666 NAME="AEN845" |
153
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2667 >4.2. Linker Operation</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2668 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2669 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2670 > LWLINK takes one or more files in supported input formats and links them |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2671 into a single binary. Currently supported formats are the LWTOOLS object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2672 file format and the archive format used by LWAR. While the precise method is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2673 slightly different, linking can be conceptualized as the following steps. </P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2674 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2675 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2676 ><OL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2677 TYPE="1" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2678 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2679 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2680 >First, the linker loads a linking script. If no script is specified, it |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2681 loads a built-in default script based on the output format selected. This |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2682 script tells the linker how to lay out the various sections in the final |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2683 binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2684 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2685 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2686 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2687 >Next, the linker reads all the input files into memory. At this time, it |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2688 flags any format errors in those files. It constructs a table of symbols |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2689 for each object at this time.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2690 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2691 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2692 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2693 >The linker then proceeds with organizing the sections loaded from each file |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2694 according to the linking script. As it does so, it is able to assign addresses |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2695 to each symbol defined in each object file. At this time, the linker may |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2696 also collapse different instances of the same section name into a single |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2697 section by appending the data from each subsequent instance of the section |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2698 to the first instance of the section.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2699 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2700 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2701 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2702 >Next, the linker looks through every object file for every incomplete reference. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2703 It then attempts to fully resolve that reference. If it cannot do so, it |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2704 throws an error. Once a reference is resolved, the value is placed into |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2705 the binary code at the specified section. It should be noted that an |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2706 incomplete reference can reference either a symbol internal to the object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2707 file or an external symbol which is in the export list of another object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2708 file.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2709 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2710 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2711 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2712 >If all of the above steps are successful, the linker opens the output file |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2713 and actually constructs the binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2714 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2715 ></OL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2716 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2717 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2718 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2719 ><HR><H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2720 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2721 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
changeset
|
2722 NAME="AEN859" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2723 >4.3. Linking Scripts</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2724 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2725 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2726 >A linker script is used to instruct the linker about how to assemble the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2727 various sections into a completed binary. It consists of a series of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2728 directives which are considered in the order they are encountered.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2729 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2730 >The sections will appear in the resulting binary in the order they are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2731 specified in the script file. If a referenced section is not found, the linker will behave as though the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2732 section did exist but had a zero size, no relocations, and no exports. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2733 A section should only be referenced once. Any subsequent references will have |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2734 an undefined effect.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2735 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2736 >All numbers are in linking scripts are specified in hexadecimal. All directives |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2737 are case sensitive although the hexadecimal numbers are not.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2738 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2739 >A section name can be specified as a "*", then any section not |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2740 already matched by the script will be matched. The "*" can be followed |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2741 by a comma and a flag to narrow the section down slightly, also. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2742 If the flag is "!bss", then any section that is not flagged as a bss section |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2743 will be matched. If the flag is "bss", then any section that is flagged as |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2744 bss will be matched.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2745 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2746 >The following directives are understood in a linker script.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2747 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2748 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2749 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2750 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2751 ><DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2752 ><DT |
236
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2753 >sectopt <CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2754 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2755 >section</CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2756 > padafter <CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2757 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2758 >byte,...</CODE |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2759 ></DT |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2760 ><DD |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2761 ><P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2762 > This will cause the linker to append the specified list of byte values |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2763 (specified in hexadecimal separated by commas) to the end of the named |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2764 section. This is done once all instances of the specified section are |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2765 collected together. This has no effect if the specified section does not |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2766 appear anywhere in any of the objects specified for linking. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2767 ><P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2768 > If code depends on the presence of this padding somewhere, it is sufficient |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2769 to include an empty section of the specified name in the object that depends |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2770 on it. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2771 ></DD |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2772 ><DT |
234
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2773 >define basesympat <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2774 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2775 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2776 ></DT |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2777 ><DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2778 ><P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2779 > This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate base address of |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2780 each section using the pattern specified by <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2781 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2782 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2783 >. |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2784 In the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2785 section name. The base address is calculated after all instances of each |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2786 section have been collapsed together. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2787 ><P |
236
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2788 > It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2789 particular section name, there will be no base symbol defined for it, even |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2790 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2791 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2792 the specified name in the object that depends on it. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2793 ><P |
234
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2794 > If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2795 sections, the results are undefined. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2796 ></DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2797 ><DT |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2798 >define lensympat <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2799 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2800 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2801 ></DT |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2802 ><DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2803 ><P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2804 > This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate length of each |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2805 section using the pattern specified by <CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2806 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2807 >string</CODE |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2808 >. In |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2809 the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the section |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2810 name. The length is calculated after all instances of a section have been |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2811 collapsed together. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2812 ><P |
236
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2813 > It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2814 particular section name, there will be no length symbol defined for it, even |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2815 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2816 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2817 the specified name in the object that depends on it. </P |
ce1fdc8d6568
Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
234
diff
changeset
|
2818 ><P |
234
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2819 >If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2820 sections, the results are undefined. </P |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2821 ></DD |
d389adbcc4ab
Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
232
diff
changeset
|
2822 ><DT |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2823 >section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2824 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2825 >name</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2826 > load <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2827 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2828 >addr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2829 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2830 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2831 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2832 > This causes the section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2833 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2834 >name</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2835 > to load at |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2836 <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2837 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2838 >addr</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2839 >. For the raw target, only one "load at" entry is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2840 allowed for non-bss sections and it must be the first one. For raw targets, |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2841 it affects the addresses the linker assigns to symbols but has no other |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2842 affect on the output. bss sections may all have separate load addresses but |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2843 since they will not appear in the binary anyway, this is okay.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2844 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2845 >For the decb target, each "load" entry will cause a new "block" to be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2846 output to the binary which will contain the load address. It is legal for |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2847 sections to overlap in this manner - the linker assumes the loader will sort |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2848 everything out.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2849 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2850 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2851 >section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2852 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2853 >name</CODE |
316
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2854 > high <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2855 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2856 >addr</CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2857 ></DT |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2858 ><DD |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2859 ><P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2860 > This causes the section <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2861 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2862 >name</CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2863 > to load with its end |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2864 address just below <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2865 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2866 >addr</CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2867 >. Subsequent sections are |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2868 loaded at progressively lower addresses. This may lead to inefficient file |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2869 encoding for some targets. As of this writing, it will also almost |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2870 certainly do the wrong thing for a raw target. </P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2871 ><P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2872 > This is useful for aligning a block of code with high memory. As an |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2873 example, if the total size of a section is $100 bytes and a high address of |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2874 $FE00 is specified, the section will actually load at $FD00. </P |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2875 ></DD |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2876 ><DT |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2877 >section <CODE |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2878 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
c4853a54b4a1
Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
2879 >name</CODE |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2880 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2881 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2882 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2883 > This will cause the section <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2884 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2885 >name</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2886 > to load after the previously listed |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2887 section.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2888 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2889 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2890 >entry <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2891 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2892 >addr or sym</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2893 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2894 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2895 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2896 >This will cause the execution address (entry point) to be the address |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2897 specified (in hex) or the specified symbol name. The symbol name must |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2898 match a symbol that is exported by one of the object files being linked. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2899 This has no effect for targets that do not encode the entry point into the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2900 resulting file. If not specified, the entry point is assumed to be address 0 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2901 which is probably not what you want. The default link scripts for targets |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2902 that support this directive automatically starts at the beginning of the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2903 first section (usually "init" or "code") that is emitted in the binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2904 ></DD |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2905 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2906 >pad <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2907 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2908 >size</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2909 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2910 ><DD |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
2911 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2912 >This will cause the output file to be padded with NUL bytes to be exactly |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2913 <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2914 CLASS="PARAMETER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2915 >size</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2916 > bytes in length. This only makes sense for a raw target.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2917 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2918 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2919 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2920 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2921 ><DIV |
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2922 CLASS="SECTION" |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2923 ><HR><H2 |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2924 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2925 ><A |
369
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Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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348
diff
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|
2926 NAME="AEN925" |
153
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|
2927 >4.4. Format Specific Linking Notes</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
2928 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2929 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2930 >Some formats require special information to be able to generate actual |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2931 binaries. If the specific format you are interested in is not listed in |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2932 this section, then there is nothing special you need to know about to create |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2933 a final binary.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2934 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2935 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2936 ><HR><H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2937 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2938 ><A |
369
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Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
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|
2939 NAME="AEN928" |
153
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|
2940 >4.4.1. OS9 Modules</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2941 ></H3 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2942 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2943 >OS9 modules need to embed several items into the module header. These |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2944 items are the type of module, the langauge of the module, the module |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2945 attributes, the module revision number, the data size (bss), and the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2946 execution offset. These are all either calculated or default to reasonable |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2947 values.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2948 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2949 >The data size is calcuated as the sum of all sections named "bss" or |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2950 ".bss" in all object files that are linked together.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2951 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2952 >The execution offset is calculated from the address of the special |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2953 symbol "__start" which must be an exported (external) symbol in one of the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2954 objects to be linked.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2955 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2956 >The type defaults to "Prgrm" or "Program module". The language |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2957 defaults to "Objct" or "6809 object code". Attributes default to enabling |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2958 the re-entrant flag. And finally, the revision defaults to zero.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2959 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2960 >The embedded module name is the output filename. If the output |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2961 filename includes more than just the filename, this will probably not be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2962 what you want.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2963 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2964 >The type, language, attributes, revision, and module name can all be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2965 overridden by providing a special section in exactly one of the object files |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2966 to be linked. This section is called "__os9" (note the two underscores). |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2967 To override the type, language, attributes, or revision values, define a |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2968 non-exported symbol in this section called "type", "lang", "attr", or "rev" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2969 respectively. Any other symbols defined are ignored. To override the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2970 module name, include as the only actual code in the section a NUL terminated |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2971 string (the FCN directive is useful for this). If there is no code in the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2972 section or it beings with a NUL, the default name will be used. Any of the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2973 preceeding that are not defined in the special section will retain their |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2974 default values.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2975 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2976 >The built-in link script for OS9 modules will place the following |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2977 sections, in order, in the module: "code", ".text", "data", ".data". It |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2978 will merge all sections with the name "bss" or ".bss" into the "data" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2979 section. All other section names are ignored. What this means is that you |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2980 must define your data variables in the a section called "bss" or ".bss" even |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2981 though you will be refencing them all as offsets from U. This does have the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2982 unpleasant side effect that all BSS references will end up being 16 bit |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2983 offsets because the assembler cannot know what the offset will be once the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2984 linker is finished its work. Thus, if the tightest possible code is |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2985 required, having LWASM directly output the module is a better choice.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2986 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2987 >While the built-in link script is probably sufficient for most |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2988 purposes, you can provide your own script. If you provide a custom link |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2989 script, you must start your code and data sections at location 000D to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2990 accommodate the module header. Otherwise, you will have an incorrect |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2991 location for the execution offset. You must use the ENTRY directive in the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2992 script to define the entry point for the module.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2993 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2994 >It should also be obvious from the above that you cannot mix the bss |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2995 (rmb) definitions with the module code when linking separately. Those |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2996 familiar with typical module creation will probably find this an unpleasant |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2997 difference but it is unavoidable.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2998 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2999 >It should also be noted that direct page references should also be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3000 avoided because you cannot know ahead of time whether the linker is going to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3001 end up putting a particular variable in the first 256 bytes of the module's |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3002 data space. If, however, you know for certain you will have less than 256 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3003 bytes of defined data space across all of the object files that will be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3004 linked, you can instead use forced DP addressing for your data addresses |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3005 instead of the ,u notation. When linking with 3rd party libraries, this |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3006 practice should be avoided. Also, when creating libraries, always use the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3007 offset from U technique.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3008 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3009 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3010 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3011 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3012 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3013 ><HR><H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3014 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
changeset
|
3015 NAME="AEN940" |
153
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|
3016 ></A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3017 >Chapter 5. Libraries and LWAR</H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3018 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3019 >LWTOOLS also includes a tool for managing libraries. These are analogous to |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3020 the static libraries created with the "ar" tool on POSIX systems. Each library |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3021 file contains one or more object files. The linker will treat the object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3022 files within a library as though they had been specified individually on |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3023 the command line except when resolving external references. External references |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3024 are looked up first within the object files within the library and then, if |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3025 not found, the usual lookup based on the order the files are specified on |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3026 the command line occurs.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3027 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3028 >The tool for creating these libary files is called LWAR.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3029 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3030 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3031 ><HR><H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3032 CLASS="SECTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3033 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
changeset
|
3034 NAME="AEN944" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3035 >5.1. Command Line Options</A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3036 ></H2 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3037 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3038 >The binary for LWAR is called "lwar". Note that the binary is in lower |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3039 case. The options lwar understands are listed below. For archive manipulation |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3040 options, the first non-option argument is the name of the archive. All other |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3041 non-option arguments are the names of files to operate on.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3042 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3043 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3044 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3045 CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3046 ><DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3047 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3048 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3049 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3050 >--add</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3051 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3052 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3053 >-a</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3054 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3055 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3056 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3057 >This option specifies that an archive is going to have files added to it. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3058 If the archive does not already exist, it is created. New files are added |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3059 to the end of the archive.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3060 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3061 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3062 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3063 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3064 >--create</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3065 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3066 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3067 >-c</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3068 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3069 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3070 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3071 >This option specifies that an archive is going to be created and have files |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3072 added to it. If the archive already exists, it is truncated.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3073 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3074 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3075 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3076 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3077 >--merge</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3078 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3079 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3080 >-m</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3081 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3082 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3083 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3084 >If specified, any files specified to be added to an archive will be checked |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3085 to see if they are archives themselves. If so, their constituent members are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3086 added to the archive. This is useful for avoiding archives containing archives.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3087 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3088 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3089 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3090 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3091 >--list</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3092 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3093 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3094 >-l</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3095 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3096 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3097 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3098 >This will display a list of the files contained in the archive.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3099 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3100 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3101 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3102 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3103 >--debug</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3104 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3105 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3106 >-d</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3107 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3108 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3109 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3110 >This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3111 developers.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3112 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3113 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3114 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3115 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3116 >--help</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3117 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3118 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3119 >-?</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3120 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3121 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3122 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3123 >This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3124 of each.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3125 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3126 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3127 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3128 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3129 >--usage</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3130 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3131 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3132 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3133 >This will display a usage summary |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3134 of each command line option.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3135 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3136 ><DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3137 ><CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3138 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3139 >--version</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3140 >, <CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3141 CLASS="OPTION" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3142 >-V</CODE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3143 ></DT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3144 ><DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3145 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3146 >This will display the version of LWLINK. |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3147 of each.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3148 ></DD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3149 ></DL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3150 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3151 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3152 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3153 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3154 CLASS="CHAPTER" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3155 ><HR><H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3156 ><A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3157 NAME="OBJCHAP" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3158 ></A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3159 >Chapter 6. Object Files</H1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3160 ><P |
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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3161 >LWTOOLS uses a proprietary object file format. It is proprietary in the sense |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3162 that it is specific to LWTOOLS, not that it is a hidden format. It would be |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3163 hard to keep it hidden in an open source tool chain anyway. This chapter |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3164 documents the object file format.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3165 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3166 >An object file consists of a series of sections each of which contains a |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3167 list of exported symbols, a list of incomplete references, and a list of |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3168 "local" symbols which may be used in calculating incomplete references. Each |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3169 section will obviously also contain the object code.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3170 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3171 >Exported symbols must be completely resolved to an address within the |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3172 section it is exported from. That is, an exported symbol must be a constant |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3173 rather than defined in terms of other symbols.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3174 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3175 >Each object file starts with a magic number and version number. The magic |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3176 number is the string "LWOBJ16" for this 16 bit object file format. The only |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3177 defined version number is currently 0. Thus, the first 8 bytes of the object |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3178 file are <FONT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3179 COLOR="RED" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3180 >4C574F424A313600</FONT |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3181 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3182 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3183 >Each section has the following items in order:</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3184 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3185 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3186 ><UL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3187 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3188 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3189 >section name</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3190 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3191 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3192 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3193 >flags</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3194 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3195 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3196 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3197 >list of local symbols (and addresses within the section)</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3198 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3199 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3200 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3201 >list of exported symbols (and addresses within the section)</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3202 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3203 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3204 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3205 >list of incomplete references along with the expressions to calculate them</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3206 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3207 ><LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3208 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3209 >the actual object code (for non-BSS sections)</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3210 ></LI |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3211 ></UL |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3212 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3213 >The section starts with the name of the section with a NUL termination |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3214 followed by a series of flag bytes terminated by NUL. There are only two |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3215 flag bytes defined. A NUL (0) indicates no more flags and a value of 1 |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3216 indicates the section is a BSS section. For a BSS section, no actual |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3217 code is included in the object file.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3218 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3219 >Either a NULL section name or end of file indicate the presence of no more |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3220 sections.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3221 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3222 >Each entry in the exported and local symbols table consists of the symbol |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3223 (NUL terminated) followed by two bytes which contain the value in big endian |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3224 order. The end of a symbol table is indicated by a NULL symbol name.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3225 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3226 >Each entry in the incomplete references table consists of an expression |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3227 followed by a 16 bit offset where the reference goes. Expressions are |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3228 defined as a series of terms up to an "end of expression" term. Each term |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3229 consists of a single byte which identifies the type of term (see below) |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3230 followed by any data required by the term. Then end of the list is flagged |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3231 by a NULL expression (only an end of expression term).</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3232 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3233 CLASS="TABLE" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3234 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
changeset
|
3235 NAME="AEN1027" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
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|
3236 ></A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3237 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3238 ><B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3239 >Table 6-1. Object File Term Types</B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3240 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3241 ><TABLE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3242 BORDER="1" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3243 FRAME="border" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3244 CLASS="CALSTABLE" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3245 ><COL><COL><THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3246 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3247 ><TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3248 >TERMTYPE</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3249 ><TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3250 >Meaning</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3251 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3252 ></THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3253 ><TBODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3254 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3255 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3256 >00</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3257 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3258 >end of expression</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3259 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3260 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3261 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3262 >01</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3263 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3264 >integer (16 bit in big endian order follows)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3265 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3266 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3267 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3268 >02</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3269 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3270 > external symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3271 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3272 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3273 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3274 >03</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3275 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3276 >local symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3277 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3278 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3279 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3280 >04</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3281 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3282 >operator (1 byte operator number)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3283 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3284 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3285 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3286 >05</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3287 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3288 >section base address reference</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3289 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
3290 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3291 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3292 >FF</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3293 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3294 >This term will set flags for the expression. Each one of these terms will set a single flag. All of them should be specified first in an expression. If they are not, the behaviour is undefined. The byte following is the flag. Flag 01 indicates an 8 bit relocation. Flag 02 indicates a zero-width relocation (see the EXTDEP pseudo op in LWASM).</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3295 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3296 ></TBODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3297 ></TABLE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3298 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3299 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3300 >External references are resolved using other object files while local |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3301 references are resolved using the local symbol table(s) from this file. This |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3302 allows local symbols that are not exported to have the same names as |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3303 exported symbols or external references.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3304 ><DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3305 CLASS="TABLE" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3306 ><A |
369
682524a1f32f
Updated documentation for --symbols-nolocals and --map
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
348
diff
changeset
|
3307 NAME="AEN1057" |
153
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3308 ></A |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3309 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3310 ><B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3311 >Table 6-2. Object File Operator Numbers</B |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3312 ></P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3313 ><TABLE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3314 BORDER="1" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3315 FRAME="border" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3316 CLASS="CALSTABLE" |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3317 ><COL><COL><THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3318 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3319 ><TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3320 >Number</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3321 ><TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3322 >Operator</TH |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3323 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3324 ></THEAD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3325 ><TBODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3326 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3327 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3328 >01</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3329 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3330 >addition (+)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3331 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3332 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3333 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3334 >02</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3335 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3336 >subtraction (-)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3337 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3338 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3339 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3340 >03</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3341 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3342 >multiplication (*)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3343 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3344 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3345 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3346 >04</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3347 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3348 >division (/)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3349 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3350 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3351 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3352 >05</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3353 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3354 >modulus (%)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3355 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3356 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3357 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3358 >06</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3359 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3360 >integer division (\) (same as division)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3361 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3362 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3363 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3364 >07</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3365 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3366 >bitwise and</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3367 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3368 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3369 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3370 >08</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3371 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3372 >bitwise or</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3373 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3374 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3375 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3376 >09</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3377 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3378 >bitwise xor</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3379 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3380 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3381 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3382 >0A</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3383 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3384 >boolean and</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3385 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3386 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3387 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3388 >0B</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3389 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3390 >boolean or</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3391 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3392 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3393 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3394 >0C</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3395 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3396 >unary negation, 2's complement (-)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3397 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3398 ><TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3399 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3400 >0D</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3401 ><TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3402 >unary 1's complement (^)</TD |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3403 ></TR |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3404 ></TBODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3405 ></TABLE |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3406 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3407 ><P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3408 >An expression is represented in a postfix manner with both operands for |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3409 binary operators preceding the operator and the single operand for unary |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3410 operators preceding the operator.</P |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3411 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3412 ></DIV |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3413 ></BODY |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3414 ></HTML |
83b7b4ce3bbd
Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3415 > |