annotate docs/manual/manual.html @ 348:379ef4e08dd2

Update copyright year for manual
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Thu, 09 Apr 2015 13:00:34 -0600
parents 330a66a0f45a
children 682524a1f32f
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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2 <HTML
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3 ><HEAD
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4 ><TITLE
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5 >LW Tool Chain</TITLE
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6 ><META
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7 NAME="GENERATOR"
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"></HEAD
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9 ><BODY
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10 CLASS="BOOK"
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11 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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12 TEXT="#000000"
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13 LINK="#0000FF"
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14 VLINK="#840084"
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15 ALINK="#0000FF"
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16 ><DIV
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17 CLASS="BOOK"
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18 ><A
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19 NAME="AEN1"
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20 ></A
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21 ><DIV
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22 CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
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23 ><H1
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24 CLASS="TITLE"
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25 ><A
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26 NAME="AEN2"
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27 >LW Tool Chain</A
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28 ></H1
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29 ><H3
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30 CLASS="AUTHOR"
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31 ><A
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32 NAME="AEN4"
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33 ></A
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34 >William Astle</H3
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35 ><H3
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36 CLASS="AUTHOR"
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37 ><A
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38 NAME="AEN7"
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39 ></A
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40 >LWTools Contributors </H3
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41 ><P
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42 CLASS="COPYRIGHT"
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43 >Copyright &copy; 2009-2015 William Astle and LWTools contributors</P
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44 ><HR></DIV
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45 ><DIV
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46 CLASS="TOC"
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47 ><DL
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48 ><DT
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49 ><B
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50 >Table of Contents</B
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51 ></DT
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52 ><DT
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53 >1. <A
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54 HREF="#AEN13"
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55 >Introduction</A
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56 ></DT
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57 ><DD
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58 ><DL
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59 ><DT
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60 >1.1. <A
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61 HREF="#AEN16"
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62 >History</A
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63 ></DT
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64 ></DL
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65 ></DD
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66 ><DT
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67 >2. <A
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68 HREF="#AEN21"
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69 >Output Formats</A
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70 ></DT
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71 ><DD
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72 ><DL
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73 ><DT
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74 >2.1. <A
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75 HREF="#AEN24"
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76 >Raw Binaries</A
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77 ></DT
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78 ><DT
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79 >2.2. <A
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80 HREF="#AEN27"
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81 >DECB Binaries</A
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82 ></DT
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83 ><DT
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84 >2.3. <A
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85 HREF="#AEN32"
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86 >ASCII Hexadecimal</A
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87 ></DT
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88 ><DT
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89 >2.4. <A
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90 HREF="#AEN36"
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91 >Motorola S-Record</A
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92 ></DT
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93 ><DT
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94 >2.5. <A
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95 HREF="#AEN41"
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96 >Intel Hex</A
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97 ></DT
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98 ><DT
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99 >2.6. <A
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100 HREF="#AEN46"
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101 >OS9 Modules</A
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102 ></DT
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103 ><DT
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104 >2.7. <A
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105 HREF="#AEN54"
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106 >Object Files</A
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107 ></DT
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108 ></DL
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109 ></DD
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110 ><DT
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111 >3. <A
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112 HREF="#AEN62"
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113 >LWASM</A
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114 ></DT
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115 ><DD
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116 ><DL
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117 ><DT
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118 >3.1. <A
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119 HREF="#AEN65"
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120 >Command Line Options</A
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121 ></DT
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122 ><DT
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123 >3.2. <A
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124 HREF="#AEN197"
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125 >Dialects</A
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126 ></DT
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127 ><DT
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128 >3.3. <A
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129 HREF="#AEN206"
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130 >Source Format</A
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131 ></DT
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132 ><DT
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133 >3.4. <A
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134 HREF="#AEN216"
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135 >Symbols</A
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136 ></DT
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137 ><DT
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138 >3.5. <A
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139 HREF="#AEN221"
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140 >Numbers and Expressions</A
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141 ></DT
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142 ><DT
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143 >3.6. <A
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144 HREF="#AEN229"
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145 >Assembler Directives</A
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146 ></DT
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147 ><DD
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148 ><DL
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149 ><DT
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150 >3.6.1. <A
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151 HREF="#AEN232"
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152 >Data Directives</A
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153 ></DT
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154 ><DT
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155 >3.6.2. <A
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156 HREF="#AEN343"
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157 >Address Definition</A
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158 ></DT
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159 ><DT
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160 >3.6.3. <A
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161 HREF="#AEN390"
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162 >Conditional Assembly</A
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163 ></DT
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164 ><DT
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165 >3.6.4. <A
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166 HREF="#AEN455"
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167 >OS9 Target Directives</A
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168 ></DT
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169 ><DT
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170 >3.6.5. <A
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171 HREF="#AEN480"
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172 >Miscelaneous Directives</A
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173 ></DT
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174 ></DL
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175 ></DD
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176 ><DT
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177 >3.7. <A
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178 HREF="#AEN520"
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179 >Macros</A
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180 ></DT
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181 ><DT
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182 >3.8. <A
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183 HREF="#AEN543"
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184 >Structures</A
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185 ></DT
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186 ><DT
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187 >3.9. <A
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188 HREF="#AEN564"
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189 >Object Files and Sections</A
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190 ></DT
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191 ><DT
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192 >3.10. <A
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193 HREF="#AEN628"
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194 >Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A
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195 ></DT
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196 ></DL
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197 ></DD
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198 ><DT
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199 >4. <A
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200 HREF="#AEN734"
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201 >LWLINK</A
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202 ></DT
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203 ><DD
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204 ><DL
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205 ><DT
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206 >4.1. <A
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207 HREF="#AEN737"
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208 >Command Line Options</A
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209 ></DT
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210 ><DT
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211 >4.2. <A
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212 HREF="#AEN834"
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213 >Linker Operation</A
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214 ></DT
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215 ><DT
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216 >4.3. <A
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217 HREF="#AEN848"
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218 >Linking Scripts</A
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219 ></DT
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220 ><DT
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221 >4.4. <A
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222 HREF="#AEN914"
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223 >Format Specific Linking Notes</A
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224 ></DT
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225 ><DD
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226 ><DL
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227 ><DT
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228 >4.4.1. <A
347
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229 HREF="#AEN917"
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230 >OS9 Modules</A
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231 ></DT
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232 ></DL
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233 ></DD
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234 ></DL
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235 ></DD
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236 ><DT
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237 >5. <A
347
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238 HREF="#AEN929"
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239 >Libraries and LWAR</A
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240 ></DT
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241 ><DD
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242 ><DL
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243 ><DT
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244 >5.1. <A
347
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245 HREF="#AEN933"
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246 >Command Line Options</A
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247 ></DT
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248 ></DL
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249 ></DD
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250 ><DT
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251 >6. <A
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252 HREF="#OBJCHAP"
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253 >Object Files</A
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254 ></DT
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255 ></DL
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256 ></DIV
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257 ><DIV
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258 CLASS="LOT"
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259 ><DL
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260 CLASS="LOT"
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261 ><DT
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262 ><B
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263 >List of Tables</B
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264 ></DT
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265 ><DT
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266 >6-1. <A
347
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267 HREF="#AEN1016"
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268 >Object File Term Types</A
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269 ></DT
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270 ><DT
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271 >6-2. <A
347
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272 HREF="#AEN1046"
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273 >Object File Operator Numbers</A
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274 ></DT
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275 ></DL
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276 ></DIV
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277 ><DIV
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278 CLASS="CHAPTER"
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279 ><HR><H1
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280 ><A
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281 NAME="AEN13"
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282 ></A
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283 >Chapter 1. Introduction</H1
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284 ><P
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285 >The LW tool chain provides utilities for building binaries for MC6809 and
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286 HD6309 CPUs. The tool chain includes a cross-assembler and a cross-linker
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287 which support several styles of output.</P
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288 ><DIV
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289 CLASS="SECTION"
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290 ><HR><H2
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291 CLASS="SECTION"
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292 ><A
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293 NAME="AEN16"
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294 >1.1. History</A
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295 ></H2
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296 ><P
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297 >For a long time, I have had an interest in creating an operating system for
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298 the Coco3. I finally started working on that project around the beginning of
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299 2006. I had a number of assemblers I could choose from. Eventually, I settled
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300 on one and started tinkering. After a while, I realized that assembler was not
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301 going to be sufficient due to lack of macros and issues with forward references.
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302 Then I tried another which handled forward references correctly but still did
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303 not support macros. I looked around at other assemblers and they all lacked
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304 one feature or another that I really wanted for creating my operating system.</P
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305 ><P
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306 >The solution seemed clear at that point. I am a fair programmer so I figured
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307 I could write an assembler that would do everything I wanted an assembler to
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308 do. Thus the LWASM probject was born. After more than two years of on and off
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309 work, version 1.0 of LWASM was released in October of 2008.</P
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310 ><P
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311 >As the aforementioned operating system project progressed further, it became
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312 clear that while assembling the whole project through a single file was doable,
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313 it was not practical. When I found myself playing some fancy games with macros
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314 in a bid to simulate sections, I realized I needed a means of assembling
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315 source files separately and linking them later. This spawned a major development
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316 effort to add an object file support to LWASM. It also spawned the LWLINK
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317 project to provide a means to actually link the files.</P
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318 ></DIV
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319 ></DIV
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320 ><DIV
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321 CLASS="CHAPTER"
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322 ><HR><H1
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323 ><A
324
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324 NAME="AEN21"
153
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325 ></A
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326 >Chapter 2. Output Formats</H1
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327 ><P
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328 >The LW tool chain supports multiple output formats. Each format has its
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329 advantages and disadvantages. Each format is described below.</P
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330 ><DIV
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331 CLASS="SECTION"
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332 ><HR><H2
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333 CLASS="SECTION"
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334 ><A
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335 NAME="AEN24"
153
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336 >2.1. Raw Binaries</A
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337 ></H2
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338 ><P
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339 >A raw binary is simply a string of bytes. There are no headers or other
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340 niceties. Both LWLINK and LWASM support generating raw binaries. ORG directives
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341 in the source code only serve to set the addresses that will be used for
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342 symbols but otherwise have no direct impact on the resulting binary.</P
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343 ></DIV
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344 ><DIV
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345 CLASS="SECTION"
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346 ><HR><H2
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347 CLASS="SECTION"
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348 ><A
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349 NAME="AEN27"
153
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350 >2.2. DECB Binaries</A
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351 ></H2
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352 ><P
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353 >A DECB binary is compatible with the LOADM command in Disk Extended
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354 Color Basic on the CoCo. They are also compatible with CLOADM from Extended
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355 Color Basic. These binaries include the load address of the binary as well
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356 as encoding an execution address. These binaries may contain multiple loadable
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357 sections, each of which has its own load address.</P
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358 ><P
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359 >Each binary starts with a preamble. Each preamble is five bytes long. The
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360 first byte is zero. The next two bytes specify the number of bytes to load
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361 and the last two bytes specify the address to load the bytes at. Then, a
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362 string of bytes follows. After this string of bytes, there may be another
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363 preamble or a postamble. A postamble is also five bytes in length. The first
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364 byte of the postamble is $FF, the next two are zero, and the last two are
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365 the execution address for the binary.</P
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366 ><P
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367 >Both LWASM and LWLINK can output this format.</P
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368 ></DIV
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369 ><DIV
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370 CLASS="SECTION"
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371 ><HR><H2
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372 CLASS="SECTION"
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373 ><A
324
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374 NAME="AEN32"
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375 >2.3. ASCII Hexadecimal</A
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376 ></H2
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377 ><P
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378 >This human-readable ASCII hexadecimal format consists of CR+LF terminated
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379 lines of ASCII text. Each line has the following structure: a zero-padded
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380 four-digit ASCII hex address, a colon separator, and one or more zero-padded
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381 two-digit hex values separated by commas. ASCII Hexadecimal format favors
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382 paragraph-aligned addresses (i.e. a least significant address nybble value
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383 of zero). During output, the number of hex values on each line are adjusted
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384 to align the address of the next line on a paragraph boundary. The sequence
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385 of addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal file directly follows that of the source
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386 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence
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387 addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal output.</P
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388 ><P
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389 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.</P
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390 ></DIV
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391 ><DIV
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392 CLASS="SECTION"
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393 ><HR><H2
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394 CLASS="SECTION"
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395 ><A
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396 NAME="AEN36"
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397 >2.4. Motorola S-Record</A
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398 ></H2
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399 ><P
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400 >This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII
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401 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character
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402 "S", an ASCII record type digit (0-9), a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a
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403 four-digit ASCII hex address, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data
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404 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only S0,
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405 S1, S5 and S9 record types. S1 records are limited to maximum of 16 data bytes
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406 in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The address
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407 sequence of the S-Records directly follows that of the source file; multiple
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408 ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence addresses in
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409 the S-Record output. </P
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410 ><P
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411 >Motorola S-Record format is a standard ASCII format accepted by most memory
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412 device programming equipment. It is particularly useful when the assembled
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413 code output is destined to reside within an EPROM or Flash memory device,
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414 for example.</P
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415 ><P
345
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416 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10. LWLINK can output this format
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417 since version 4.11.</P
324
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418 ></DIV
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419 ><DIV
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420 CLASS="SECTION"
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421 ><HR><H2
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422 CLASS="SECTION"
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423 ><A
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424 NAME="AEN41"
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425 >2.5. Intel Hex</A
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426 ></H2
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427 ><P
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428 >This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII
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429 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character
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430 ":", a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a four-digit ASCII hex address, a two-
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431 digit ASCII hex record type, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data
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432 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only 00,
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433 and 01 Intel Hex record types. Data records are limited to maximum of 16
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434 data bytes in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The
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435 address sequence of the Intel hex records directly follows that of the source
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436 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence
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437 addresses in the Intel Hex output. </P
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438 ><P
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439 >Intel Hex format is the other standard ASCII format accepted by most memory
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440 device programming equipment, it and the Motorola S-Record format are used for
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441 similar purposes.</P
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442 ><P
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443 >LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.</P
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444 ></DIV
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445 ><DIV
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446 CLASS="SECTION"
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447 ><HR><H2
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448 CLASS="SECTION"
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449 ><A
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450 NAME="AEN46"
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451 >2.6. OS9 Modules</A
153
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452 ></H2
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453 ><P
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454 >&#13;Since version 2.5, LWASM is able to generate OS9 modules. The syntax is
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455 basically the same as for other assemblers. A module starts with the MOD
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456 directive and ends with the EMOD directive. The OS9 directive is provided
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457 as a shortcut for writing system calls.&#13;</P
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458 ><P
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459 >&#13;LWASM does NOT provide an OS9Defs file. You must provide your own. Also note
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460 that the common practice of using "ifp1" around the inclusion of the OS9Defs
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461 file is discouraged as it is pointless and can lead to unintentional
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462 problems and phasing errors. Because LWASM reads each file exactly once,
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463 there is no benefit to restricting the inclusion to the first assembly pass.&#13;</P
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464 ><P
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465 >&#13;As of version 4.5, LWASM also implements the standard data/code address
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466 streams for OS9 modules. That means that between MOD and EMOD, any RMB,
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467 RMD, RMQ, or equivalent directives will move the data address ahead and
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468 leave the code address unmodified. Outside of an actual module, both the
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469 code and data addresses are moved ahead equally. That last bit is critical
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470 to understand because it means any directives that follow an EMOD directive
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471 may have different results than other assemblers.&#13;</P
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472 ><P
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473 >&#13;Additionally, within a module body, the ORG directive sets only the data
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474 address, not the code address. However, outside a module body, ORG sets both
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475 addresses.&#13;</P
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476 ><P
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477 >Both code and data addresses are reset to 0 by the MOD directive.</P
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478 ><P
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479 >&#13;As of version 4.5, LWLINK also supports creation of OS9 modules.&#13;</P
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480 ></DIV
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481 ><DIV
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482 CLASS="SECTION"
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483 ><HR><H2
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484 CLASS="SECTION"
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485 ><A
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486 NAME="AEN54"
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487 >2.7. Object Files</A
153
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488 ></H2
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489 ><P
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490 >LWASM supports generating a proprietary object file format which is
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491 described in <A
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492 HREF="#OBJCHAP"
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493 >Chapter 6</A
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494 >. LWLINK is then used to link these
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495 object files into a final binary in any of LWLINK's supported binary
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496 formats.</P
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497 ><P
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498 >Object files also support the concept of sections which are not valid
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499 for other output types. This allows related code from each object file
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500 linked to be collapsed together in the final binary.</P
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501 ><P
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502 >Object files are very flexible in that they allow references that are not
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503 known at assembly time to be resolved at link time. However, because the
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504 addresses of such references are not known at assembly time, there is no way
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505 for the assembler to deduce that an eight bit addressing mode is possible.
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506 That means the assember will default to using sixteen bit addressing
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507 whenever an external or cross-section reference is used.</P
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508 ><P
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509 >As of LWASM 2.4, it is possible to force direct page addressing for an
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510 external reference. Care must be taken to ensure the resulting addresses
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511 are really in the direct page since the linker does not know what the direct
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512 page is supposed to be and does not emit errors for byte overflows.</P
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513 ><P
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514 >It is also possible to use external references in an eight bit immediate
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515 mode instruction. In this case, only the low order eight bits will be used.
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516 Again, no byte overflows will be flagged.</P
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517 ></DIV
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518 ></DIV
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519 ><DIV
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520 CLASS="CHAPTER"
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521 ><HR><H1
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522 ><A
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523 NAME="AEN62"
153
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524 ></A
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525 >Chapter 3. LWASM</H1
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526 ><P
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527 >The LWTOOLS assembler is called LWASM. This chapter documents the various
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528 features of the assembler. It is not, however, a tutorial on 6x09 assembly
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529 language programming.</P
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530 ><DIV
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531 CLASS="SECTION"
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532 ><HR><H2
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533 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
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534 ><A
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535 NAME="AEN65"
153
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536 >3.1. Command Line Options</A
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537 ></H2
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lost@l-w.ca
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538 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
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539 >The binary for LWASM is called "lwasm". Note that the binary is in lower
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540 case. lwasm takes the following command line arguments.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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541 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
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542 ></P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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543 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
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544 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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545 ><DL
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546 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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547 ><CODE
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548 CLASS="OPTION"
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549 >--6309</CODE
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parents:
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550 >, <CODE
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551 CLASS="OPTION"
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552 >-3</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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553 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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554 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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555 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
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556 >This will cause the assembler to accept the additional instructions available
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557 on the 6309 processor. This is the default mode; this option is provided for
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lost@l-w.ca
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558 completeness and to override preset command arguments.</P
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559 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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560 ><DT
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parents:
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561 ><CODE
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562 CLASS="OPTION"
333
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563 >--6800compat</CODE
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564 ></DT
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565 ><DD
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566 ><P
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567 >This is equivalent to <CODE
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568 CLASS="OPTION"
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569 >--pragma=6800compat</CODE
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570 >.</P
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571 ><P
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572 >This will enable recognition of 6800 compatibility instructions.</P
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573 ></DD
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
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574 ><DT
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575 ><CODE
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576 CLASS="OPTION"
153
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577 >--6809</CODE
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578 >, <CODE
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579 CLASS="OPTION"
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580 >-9</CODE
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parents:
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581 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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582 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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583 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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584 >This will cause the assembler to reject instructions that are only available
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585 on the 6309 processor.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
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586 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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587 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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588 ><CODE
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parents:
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589 CLASS="OPTION"
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590 >--decb</CODE
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parents:
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591 >, <CODE
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parents:
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592 CLASS="OPTION"
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593 >-b</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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594 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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595 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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596 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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597 >Select the DECB output format target. Equivalent to <CODE
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598 CLASS="OPTION"
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599 >--format=decb</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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600 >.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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601 ><P
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602 >While this is the default output format currently, it is not safe to rely
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603 on that fact. Future versions may have different defaults. It is also trivial
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604 to modify the source code to change the default. Thus, it is recommended to specify
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lost@l-w.ca
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605 this option if you need DECB output.</P
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606 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
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607 ><DT
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parents:
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608 ><CODE
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parents:
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609 CLASS="OPTION"
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parents:
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610 >--format=type</CODE
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parents:
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611 >, <CODE
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612 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
613 >-f type</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
614 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
615 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
616 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
617 >Select the output format. Valid values are <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
618 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
619 >obj</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
620 > for the
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
621 object file target, <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
622 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
623 >decb</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
624 > for the DECB LOADM format,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
625 <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
626 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
627 >os9</CODE
324
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parents: 316
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628 > for creating OS9 modules, <CODE
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
629 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
630 >raw</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
631 > for
324
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
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parents: 316
diff changeset
632 a raw binary, <CODE
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
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parents: 316
diff changeset
633 CLASS="OPTION"
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
634 >hex</CODE
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
635 > for ASCII hexadecminal format,
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
636 <CODE
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
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parents: 316
diff changeset
637 CLASS="OPTION"
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
638 >srec</CODE
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
639 > for Motorola S-Record format, and <CODE
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
640 CLASS="OPTION"
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
641 >ihex</CODE
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
642 >
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
643 for Intel Hex format.</P
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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644 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
645 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
646 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
647 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
648 >--list[=file]</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
649 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
650 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
651 >-l[file]</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
652 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
653 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
654 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
655 >Cause LWASM to generate a listing. If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
656 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
657 >file</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
658 > is specified,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
659 the listing will go to that file. Otherwise it will go to the standard output
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
660 stream. By default, no listing is generated. Unless <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
661 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
662 >--symbols</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
663 >
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
664 is specified, the list will not include the symbol table.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
665 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
666 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
667 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
668 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
669 >--symbols</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
670 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
671 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
672 >-s</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
673 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
674 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
675 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
676 >Causes LWASM to generate a list of symbols when generating a listing.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
677 It has no effect unless a listing is being generated.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
678 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
679 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
680 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
681 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
682 >--obj</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
683 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
684 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
685 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
686 >Select the proprietary object file format as the output target.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
687 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
688 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
689 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
690 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
691 >--output=FILE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
692 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
693 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
694 >-o FILE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
695 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
696 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
697 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
698 >This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
699 default is <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
700 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
701 >a.out</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
702 >.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
703 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
704 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
705 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
706 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
707 >--pragma=pragma</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
708 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
709 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
710 >-p pragma</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
711 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
712 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
713 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
714 >Specify assembler pragmas. Multiple pragmas are separated by commas. The
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
715 pragmas accepted are the same as for the PRAGMA assembler directive described
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
716 below.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
717 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
718 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
719 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
720 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
721 >--raw</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
722 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
723 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
724 >-r</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
725 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
726 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
727 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
728 >Select raw binary as the output target.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
729 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
730 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
731 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
732 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
733 >--includedir=path</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
734 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
735 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
736 >-I path</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
737 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
738 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
739 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
740 >Add <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
741 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
742 >path</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
743 > to the end of the include path.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
744 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
745 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
746 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
747 CLASS="OPTION"
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
748 >--define=SYM[=VAL]</CODE
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
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parents: 168
diff changeset
749 >, <CODE
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
750 CLASS="OPTION"
245
0bc1c88fe776 Fix typo in documentation of lwasm --define switch.
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parents: 236
diff changeset
751 >-D SYM[=VAL]</CODE
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
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parents: 168
diff changeset
752 ></DT
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
753 ><DD
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
754 ><P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
755 >Pre-defines the symbol SYM as either the specified VAL. If VAL is omitted,
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
756 the symbol is defined as 1. The symbol will be defined as though it were
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
757 defined using the SET directive in the assembly source. That means it can
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
758 be overridden by a SET directive within the source code. Attempting to
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
759 redefine SYM using EQU will result in a multiply defined symbol error.</P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
760 ></DD
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
761 ><DT
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
762 ><CODE
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
763 CLASS="OPTION"
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
764 >--help</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
765 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
766 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
767 >-?</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
768 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
769 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
770 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
771 >Present a help screen describing the command line options.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
772 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
773 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
774 ><CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
775 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
776 >--usage</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
777 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
778 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
779 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
780 >Provide a summary of the command line options.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
781 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
782 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
783 ><CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
784 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
785 >--version</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
786 >, <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
787 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
788 >-V</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
789 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
790 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
791 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
792 >Display the software version.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
793 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
794 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
795 ><CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
796 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
797 >--debug</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
798 >, <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
799 CLASS="OPTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
800 >-d</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
801 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
802 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
803 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
804 >Increase the debugging level. Only really useful to people hacking on the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
805 LWASM source code itself.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
806 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
807 ></DL
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
808 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
809 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
810 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
811 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
812 ><HR><H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
813 CLASS="SECTION"
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814 ><A
333
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815 NAME="AEN197"
153
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parents:
diff changeset
816 >3.2. Dialects</A
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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817 ></H2
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818 ><P
333
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819 > LWASM supports all documented MC6809 instructions as defined by
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820 Motorola. By default, this does not include any MC6800 compatibility
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821 instructions. As of LWASM 4.11, those compatibility instructions can be
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822 enabled using the <CODE
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823 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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824 >--6800compat</CODE
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825 > option or the
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diff changeset
826 <CODE
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827 CLASS="PARAMETER"
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
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828 >6800compat</CODE
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diff changeset
829 > pragma. It also supports all known HD6309
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830 instructions. While there is general agreement on the pneumonics for most
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831 of the 6309 instructions, there is some variance with the block transfer
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832 instructions. TFM for all four variations seems to have gained the most
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833 traction and, thus, this is the form that is recommended for LWASM.
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834 However, it also supports COPY, COPY-, IMP, EXP, TFRP, TFRM, TFRS, and TFRR.
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835 It further adds COPY+ as a synomym for COPY, IMPLODE for IMP, and EXPAND for
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836 EXP. </P
153
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837 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
838 >By default, LWASM accepts 6309 instructions. However, using the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
839 <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
840 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
841 >--6809</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
842 > parameter, you can cause it to throw errors on
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
843 6309 instructions instead.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
844 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
845 >The standard addressing mode specifiers are supported. These are the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
846 hash sign ("#") for immediate mode, the less than sign ("&lt;") for forced
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
847 eight bit modes, and the greater than sign ("&gt;") for forced sixteen bit modes.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
848 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
849 >Additionally, LWASM supports using the asterisk ("*") to indicate
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
850 base page addressing. This should not be used in hand-written source code,
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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851 however, because it is non-standard and may or may not be present in future
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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852 versions of LWASM.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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853 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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854 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
855 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
856 ><HR><H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
857 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
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858 ><A
333
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859 NAME="AEN206"
153
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860 >3.3. Source Format</A
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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861 ></H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
862 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
863 >LWASM accepts plain text files in a relatively free form. It can handle
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
864 lines terminated with CR, LF, CRLF, or LFCR which means it should be able
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
865 to assemble files on any platform on which it compiles.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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866 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
867 >Each line may start with a symbol. If a symbol is present, there must not
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
868 be any whitespace preceding it. It is legal for a line to contain nothing
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
869 but a symbol.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
870 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
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871 >The op code is separated from the symbol by whitespace. If there is
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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872 no symbol, there must be at least one white space character preceding it.
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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873 If applicable, the operand follows separated by whitespace. Following the
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
874 opcode and operand is an optional comment.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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875 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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876 > It is important to note that operands cannot contain any whitespace
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lost@l-w.ca
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877 except in the case of delimited strings. This is because the first
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
878 whitespace character will be interpreted as the separator between the
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
879 operand column and the comment. This behaviour is required for approximate
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
880 source compatibility with other 6x09 assemblers. </P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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881 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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882 >A comment can also be introduced with a * or a ;. The comment character is
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lost@l-w.ca
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883 optional for end of statement comments. However, if a symbol is the only
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
884 thing present on the line other than the comment, the comment character is
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lost@l-w.ca
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885 mandatory to prevent the assembler from interpreting the comment as an opcode.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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886 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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887 >For compatibility with the output generated by some C preprocessors, LWASM
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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888 will also ignore lines that begin with a #. This should not be used as a general
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lost@l-w.ca
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889 comment character, however.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
890 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
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891 >The opcode is not treated case sensitively. Neither are register names in
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
892 the operand fields. Symbols, however, are case sensitive.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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893 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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894 > As of version 2.6, LWASM supports files with line numbers. If line
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
895 numbers are present, the line must start with a digit. The line number
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lost@l-w.ca
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896 itself must consist only of digits. The line number must then be followed
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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897 by either the end of the line or exactly one white space character. After
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
898 that white space character, the lines are interpreted exactly as above. </P
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lost@l-w.ca
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899 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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900 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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901 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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902 ><HR><H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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903 CLASS="SECTION"
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904 ><A
333
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905 NAME="AEN216"
153
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906 >3.4. Symbols</A
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lost@l-w.ca
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907 ></H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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908 ><P
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909 >Symbols have no length restriction. They may contain letters, numbers, dots,
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
910 dollar signs, and underscores. They must start with a letter, dot, or
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lost@l-w.ca
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911 underscore.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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912 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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913 >LWASM also supports the concept of a local symbol. A local symbol is one
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
914 which contains either a "?" or a "@", which can appear anywhere in the symbol.
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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915 The scope of a local symbol is determined by a number of factors. First,
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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916 each included file gets its own local symbol scope. A blank line will also
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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917 be considered a local scope barrier. Macros each have their own local symbol
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lost@l-w.ca
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918 scope as well (which has a side effect that you cannot use a local symbol
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lost@l-w.ca
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919 as an argument to a macro). There are other factors as well. In general,
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
920 a local symbol is restricted to the block of code it is defined within.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
921 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
922 >By default, unless assembling to the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
923 also make it local. This can be controlled by the "dollarlocal" and
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
924 "nodollarlocal" pragmas. In the absence of a pragma to the contrary, for
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
925 the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will not make it considered local while
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
926 for all other targets it will.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
927 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
928 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
929 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
930 ><HR><H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
931 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
932 ><A
333
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
933 NAME="AEN221"
153
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parents:
diff changeset
934 >3.5. Numbers and Expressions</A
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
935 ></H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
936 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
937 >&#13;Numbers can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal. Binary
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
938 numbers may be prefixed with a "%" symbol or suffixed with a "b" or "B".
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
939 Octal numbers may be prefixed with "@" or suffixed with "Q", "q", "O", or
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
940 "o". Hexadecimal numbers may be prefixed with "$", "0x" or "0X", or suffixed
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
941 with "H". No prefix or suffix is required for decimal numbers but they can
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
942 be prefixed with "&amp;" if desired. Any constant which begins with a letter
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
943 must be expressed with the correct prefix base identifier or be prefixed
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
944 with a 0. Thus hexadecimal FF would have to be written either 0FFH or $FF.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
945 Numbers are not case sensitive.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
946 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
947 > A symbol may appear at any point where a number is acceptable. The
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
948 special symbol "*" can be used to represent the starting address of the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
949 current source line within expressions. </P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
950 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
951 >The ASCII value of a character can be included by prefixing it with a
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
952 single quote ('). The ASCII values of two characters can be included by
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
953 prefixing the characters with a quote (").</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
954 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
955 >&#13;LWASM supports the following basic binary operators: +, -, *, /, and %.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
956 These represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
957 modulus. It also supports unary negation and unary 1's complement (- and ^
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
958 respectively). It is also possible to use ~ for the unary 1's complement
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
959 operator. For completeness, a unary positive (+) is supported though it is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
960 a no-op. LWASM also supports using |, &#38;, and ^ for bitwise or, bitwise and,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
961 and bitwise exclusive or respectively.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
962 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
963 >&#13;Operator precedence follows the usual rules. Multiplication, division, and
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
964 modulus take precedence over addition and subtraction. Unary operators take
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
965 precedence over binary operators. Bitwise operators are lower precdence
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
966 than addition and subtraction. To force a specific order of evaluation,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
967 parentheses can be used in the usual manner.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
968 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
969 >&#13;As of LWASM 2.5, the operators &#38;&#38; and || are recognized for boolean and and
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
970 boolean or respectively. They will return either 0 or 1 (false or true).
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
971 They have the lowest precedence of all the binary operators.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
972 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
973 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
974 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
975 ><HR><H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
976 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
977 ><A
333
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
978 NAME="AEN229"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
979 >3.6. Assembler Directives</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
980 ></H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
981 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
982 >Various directives can be used to control the behaviour of the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
983 assembler or to include non-code/data in the resulting output. Those directives
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
984 that are not described in detail in other sections of this document are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
985 described below.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
986 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
987 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
988 ><HR><H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
989 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
990 ><A
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
991 NAME="AEN232"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
992 >3.6.1. Data Directives</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
993 ></H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
994 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
995 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
996 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
997 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
998 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
999 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1000 >FCB <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1001 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1002 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1003 >, .DB <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1004 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1005 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1006 >, .BYTE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1007 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1008 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1009 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1010 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1011 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1012 >Include one or more constant bytes (separated by commas) in the output.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1013 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1014 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1015 >FDB <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1016 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1017 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1018 >, .DW <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1019 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1020 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1021 >, .WORD <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1022 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1023 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1024 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1025 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1026 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1027 >Include one or more words (separated by commas) in the output.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1028 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1029 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1030 >FQB <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1031 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1032 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1033 >, .QUAD <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1034 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1035 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1036 >, .4BYTE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1037 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1038 >expr[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1039 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1040 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1041 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1042 >Include one or more double words (separated by commas) in the output.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1043 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1044 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1045 >FCC <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1046 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1047 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1048 >, .ASCII <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1049 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1050 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1051 >, .STR <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1052 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1053 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1054 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1055 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1056 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1057 >Include a string of text in the output. The first character of the operand
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1058 is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and cannot appear
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1059 within the string. The string is included with no modifications&#62;</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1060 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1061 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1062 >FCN <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1063 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1064 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1065 >, .ASCIZ <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1066 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1067 >string</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1068 >, .STRZ <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1069 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1070 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1071 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1072 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1073 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1074 >Include a NUL terminated string of text in the output. The first character of
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1075 the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1076 cannot appear within the string. A NUL byte is automatically appended to
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1077 the string.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1078 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1079 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1080 >FCS <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1081 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1082 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1083 >, .ASCIS <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1084 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1085 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1086 >, .STRS <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1087 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1088 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1089 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1090 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1091 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1092 >Include a string of text in the output with bit 7 of the final byte set. The
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1093 first character of the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1094 character and cannot appear within the string.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1095 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1096 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1097 >ZMB <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1098 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1099 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1100 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1101 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1102 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1103 >Include a number of NUL bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1104 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1105 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1106 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1107 >ZMD <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1108 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1109 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1110 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1111 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1112 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1113 >Include a number of zero words in the output. The number must be fully
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1114 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1115 permitted.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1116 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1117 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1118 >ZMQ <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1119 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1120 >expr<CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1121 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1122 ></CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1123 ></CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1124 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1125 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1126 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1127 >Include a number of zero double-words in the output. The number must be fully
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1128 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1129 permitted.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1130 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1131 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1132 >RMB <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1133 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1134 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1135 >, .BLKB <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1136 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1137 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1138 >, .DS <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1139 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1140 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1141 >, .RS <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1142 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1143 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1144 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1145 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1146 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1147 >Reserve a number of bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1148 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1149 The value of the bytes is undefined.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1150 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1151 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1152 >RMD <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1153 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1154 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1155 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1156 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1157 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1158 >Reserve a number of words in the output. The number must be fully
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1159 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1160 permitted. The value of the words is undefined.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1161 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1162 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1163 >RMQ <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1164 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1165 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1166 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1167 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1168 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1169 >Reserve a number of double-words in the output. The number must be fully
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1170 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1171 permitted. The value of the double-words is undefined.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1172 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1173 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1174 >INCLUDEBIN <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1175 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1176 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1177 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1178 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1179 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1180 >Treat the contents of <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1181 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1182 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1183 > as a string of bytes to
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1184 be included literally at the current assembly point. This has the same effect
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1185 as converting the file contents to a series of FCB statements and including
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1186 those at the current assembly point.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1187 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1188 > If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1189 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1190 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1191 > beings with a /, the file name
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1192 will be taken as absolute. Otherwise, the current directory will be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1193 searched followed by the search path in the order specified.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1194 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1195 > Please note that absolute path detection including drive letters will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1196 not function correctly on Windows platforms. Non-absolute inclusion will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1197 work, however.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1198 ></DD
254
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1199 ><DT
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1200 >FILL <CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1201 CLASS="PARAMETER"
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1202 >size</CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1203 >,<CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1204 CLASS="PARAMETER"
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1205 >byte</CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1206 ></DT
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1207 ><DD
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1208 ><P
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1209 >Insert <CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1210 CLASS="PARAMETER"
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1211 >size</CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1212 > bytes of <CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1213 CLASS="PARAMETER"
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1214 >byte</CODE
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1215 >.</P
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
1216 ></DD
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1217 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1218 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1219 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1220 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1221 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1222 ><HR><H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1223 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1224 ><A
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1225 NAME="AEN343"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1226 >3.6.2. Address Definition</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1227 ></H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1228 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1229 >The directives in this section all control the addresses of symbols
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1230 or the assembly process itself.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1231 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1232 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1233 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1234 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1235 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1236 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1237 >ORG <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1238 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1239 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1240 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1241 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1242 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1243 >Set the assembly address. The address must be fully resolvable on the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1244 first pass so no external or forward references are permitted. ORG is not
324
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
1245 permitted within sections when outputting to object files. For target formats
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
1246 that include address information (decb, hex, srec, and ihex), an ORG
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
1247 directive will re-start the address sequence within the output. When using
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
1248 the raw target format, ORG is used only to determine the addresses of symbols.</P
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1249 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1250 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1251 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1252 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1253 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1254 > EQU <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1255 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1256 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1257 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1258 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1259 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1260 > = <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1261 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1262 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1263 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1264 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1265 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1266 >Define the value of <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1267 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1268 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1269 > to be <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1270 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1271 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1272 >.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1273 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1274 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1275 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1276 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1277 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1278 > SET <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1279 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1280 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1281 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1282 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1283 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1284 >Define the value of <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1285 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1286 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1287 > to be <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1288 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1289 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1290 >.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1291 Unlike EQU, SET permits symbols to be defined multiple times as long as SET
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1292 is used for all instances. Use of the symbol before the first SET statement
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1293 that sets its value is undefined.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1294 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1295 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1296 >SETDP <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1297 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1298 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1299 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1300 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1301 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1302 >Inform the assembler that it can assume the DP register contains
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1303 <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1304 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1305 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1306 >. This directive is only advice to the assembler
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1307 to determine whether an address is in the direct page and has no effect
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1308 on the contents of the DP register. The value must be fully resolved during
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1309 the first assembly pass because it affects the sizes of subsequent instructions.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1310 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1311 >This directive has no effect in the object file target.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1312 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1313 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1314 >ALIGN <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1315 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1316 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1317 >[,<CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1318 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1319 >value</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1320 >]</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1321 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1322 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1323 >Force the current assembly address to be a multiple of
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1324 <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1325 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1326 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1327 >. If <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1328 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1329 >value</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1330 > is not
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1331 specified, a series of NUL bytes is output to force the alignment, if
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1332 required. Otherwise, the low order 8 bits of <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1333 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1334 >value</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1335 >
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1336 will be used as the fill. The alignment value must be fully resolved on the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1337 first pass because it affects the addresses of subsquent instructions.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1338 However, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1339 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1340 >value</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1341 > may include forward references; as
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1342 long as it resolves to a constant for the second pass, the value will be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1343 accepted.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1344 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1345 >Unless <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1346 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1347 >value</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1348 > is specified as something like $12,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1349 this directive is not suitable for inclusion in the middle of actual code.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1350 The default padding value is $00 which is intended to be used within data
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1351 blocks. </P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1352 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1353 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1354 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1355 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1356 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1357 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1358 ><HR><H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1359 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1360 ><A
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1361 NAME="AEN390"
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1362 >3.6.3. Conditional Assembly</A
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1363 ></H3
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1364 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1365 >Portions of the source code can be excluded or included based on conditions
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1366 known at assembly time. Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily deeply. The
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1367 directives associated with conditional assembly are described in this section.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1368 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1369 >All conditionals must be fully bracketed. That is, every conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1370 statement must eventually be followed by an ENDC at the same level of nesting.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1371 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1372 >Conditional expressions are only evaluated on the first assembly pass.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1373 It is not possible to game the assembly process by having a conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1374 change its value between assembly passes. Due to the underlying architecture
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1375 of LWASM, there is no possible utility to IFP1 and IFP2, nor can they, as of LWASM 3.0, actually
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1376 be implemented meaningfully. Thus there is not and never will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1377 be any equivalent of IFP1 or IFP2 as provided by other assemblers. Use of those opcodes
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1378 will throw a warning and be ignored.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1379 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1380 >It is important to note that if a conditional does not resolve to a constant
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1381 during the first parsing pass, an error will be thrown. This is unavoidable because the assembler
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1382 must make a decision about which source to include and which source to exclude at this stage.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1383 Thus, expressions that work normally elsewhere will not work for conditions.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1384 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1385 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1386 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1387 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1388 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1389 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1390 >IFEQ <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1391 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1392 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1393 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1394 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1395 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1396 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1397 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1398 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1399 > evaluates to zero, the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1400 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1401 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1402 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1403 >IFNE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1404 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1405 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1406 >, IF <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1407 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1408 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1409 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1410 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1411 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1412 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1413 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1414 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1415 > evaluates to a non-zero value, the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1416 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1417 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1418 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1419 >IFGT <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1420 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1421 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1422 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1423 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1424 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1425 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1426 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1427 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1428 > evaluates to a value greater than zero, the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1429 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1430 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1431 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1432 >IFGE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1433 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1434 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1435 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1436 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1437 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1438 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1439 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1440 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1441 > evaluates to a value greater than or equal to zero, the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1442 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1443 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1444 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1445 >IFLT <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1446 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1447 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1448 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1449 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1450 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1451 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1452 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1453 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1454 > evaluates to a value less than zero, the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1455 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1456 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1457 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1458 >IFLE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1459 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1460 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1461 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1462 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1463 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1464 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1465 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1466 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1467 > evaluates to a value less than or equal to zero , the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1468 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1469 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1470 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1471 >IFDEF <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1472 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1473 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1474 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1475 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1476 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1477 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1478 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1479 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1480 > is defined at this point in the assembly
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1481 process, the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1482 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1483 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1484 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1485 >IFNDEF <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1486 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1487 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1488 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1489 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1490 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1491 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1492 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1493 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1494 > is not defined at this point in the assembly
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1495 process, the conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1496 will be considered true.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1497 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1498 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1499 >ELSE</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1500 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1501 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1502 >If the preceding conditional at the same level of nesting was false, the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1503 statements following will be assembled. If the preceding conditional at
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1504 the same level was true, the statements following will not be assembled.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1505 Note that the preceding conditional might have been another ELSE statement
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1506 although this behaviour is not guaranteed to be supported in future versions
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1507 of LWASM.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1508 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1509 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1510 >ENDC</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1511 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1512 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1513 >This directive marks the end of a conditional construct. Every conditional
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1514 construct must end with an ENDC directive.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1515 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1516 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1517 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1518 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1519 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1520 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1521 ><HR><H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1522 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1523 ><A
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1524 NAME="AEN455"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1525 >3.6.4. OS9 Target Directives</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1526 ></H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1527 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1528 >This section includes directives that apply solely to the OS9
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1529 target.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1530 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1531 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1532 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1533 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1534 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1535 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1536 >OS9 <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1537 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1538 >syscall</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1539 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1540 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1541 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1542 >&#13;This directive generates a call to the specified system call. <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1543 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1544 >syscall</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1545 > may be an arbitrary expression.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1546 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1547 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1548 >MOD <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1549 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1550 >size</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1551 >,<CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1552 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1553 >name</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1554 >,<CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1555 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1556 >type</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1557 >,<CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1558 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1559 >flags</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1560 >,<CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1561 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1562 >execoff</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1563 >,<CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1564 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1565 >datasize</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1566 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1567 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1568 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1569 >&#13;This tells LWASM that the beginning of the actual module is here. It will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1570 generate a module header based on the parameters specified. It will also
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1571 begin calcuating the module CRC.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1572 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1573 >&#13;The precise meaning of the various parameters is beyond the scope of this
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1574 document since it is not a tutorial on OS9 module programming.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1575 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1576 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1577 >EMOD</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1578 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1579 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1580 >&#13;This marks the end of a module and causes LWASM to emit the calculated CRC
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1581 for the module.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1582 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1583 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1584 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1585 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1586 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1587 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1588 ><HR><H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1589 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1590 ><A
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1591 NAME="AEN480"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1592 >3.6.5. Miscelaneous Directives</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1593 ></H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1594 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1595 >This section includes directives that do not fit into the other
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1596 categories.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1597 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1598 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1599 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1600 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1601 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1602 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1603 >INCLUDE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1604 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1605 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1606 >, USE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1607 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1608 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1609 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1610 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1611 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1612 > Include the contents of <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1613 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1614 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1615 > at
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1616 this point in the assembly as though it were a part of the file currently
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1617 being processed. Note that if whitespace appears in the name of the file,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1618 you must enclose <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1619 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1620 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1621 > in quotes.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1622 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1623 >Note that the USE variation is provided only for compatibility with other
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1624 assemblers. It is recommended to use the INCLUDE variation.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1625 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1626 >If <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1627 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1628 >filename</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1629 > begins with a &quot;/&quot;, it is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1630 interpreted as an absolute path. If it does not, the search path will be used
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1631 to find the file. First, the directory containing the file that contains this
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1632 directive. (Includes within an included file are relative to the included file,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1633 not the file that included it.) If the file is not found there, the include path
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1634 is searched. If it is still not found, an error will be thrown. Note that the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1635 current directory as understood by your shell or operating system is not searched.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1636 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1637 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1638 >END <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1639 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1640 >[expr]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1641 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1642 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1643 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1644 >This directive causes the assembler to stop assembling immediately as though
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1645 it ran out of input. For the DECB target only, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1646 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1647 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1648 >
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1649 can be used to set the execution address of the resulting binary. For all
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1650 other targets, specifying <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1651 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1652 >expr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1653 > will cause an error.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1654 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1655 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1656 >ERROR <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1657 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1658 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1659 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1660 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1661 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1662 >Causes a custom error message to be printed at this line. This will cause
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1663 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1664 to cause assembly to fail if some condition that is known bad happens. Everything
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1665 from the directive to the end of the line is considered the error message.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1666 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1667 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1668 >WARNING <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1669 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1670 >string</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1671 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1672 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1673 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1674 >Causes a custom warning message to be printed at this line. This will not cause
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1675 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1676 or include files to alert the programmer to a deprecated feature being used
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1677 or some other condition that may cause trouble later, but which may, in fact,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1678 not cause any trouble.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1679 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1680 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1681 >.MODULE <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1682 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1683 >string</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1684 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1685 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1686 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1687 >This directive is ignored for most output targets. If the output target
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1688 supports encoding a module name into it, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1689 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1690 >string</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1691 >
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1692 will be used as the module name.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1693 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1694 >As of version 3.0, no supported output targets support this directive.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1695 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1696 ></DL
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1697 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1698 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1699 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1700 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1701 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1702 ><HR><H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1703 CLASS="SECTION"
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parents:
diff changeset
1704 ><A
333
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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1705 NAME="AEN520"
153
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parents:
diff changeset
1706 >3.7. Macros</A
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parents:
diff changeset
1707 ></H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1708 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1709 >LWASM is a macro assembler. A macro is simply a name that stands in for a
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1710 series of instructions. Once a macro is defined, it is used like any other
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1711 assembler directive. Defining a macro can be considered equivalent to adding
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1712 additional assembler directives.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1713 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1714 >Macros may accept parameters. These parameters are referenced within a
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1715 macro by the a backslash ("\") followed by a digit 1 through 9 for the first
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1716 through ninth parameters. They may also be referenced by enclosing the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1717 decimal parameter number in braces ("{num}"). The special expansion "\*"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1718 translates to the exact parameter string, including all parameters, passed
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1719 to the macro. These parameter references are replaced with the verbatim text
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1720 of the parameter passed to the macro. A reference to a non-existent
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1721 parameter will be replaced by an empty string. Macro parameters are expanded
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1722 everywhere on each source line. That means the parameter to a macro could be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1723 used as a symbol or it could even appear in a comment or could cause an
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1724 entire source line to be commented out when the macro is expanded. </P
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parents:
diff changeset
1725 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1726 >Parameters passed to a macro are separated by commas and the parameter list
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1727 is terminated by any whitespace. This means that neither a comma nor whitespace
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1728 may be included in a macro parameter.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1729 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1730 >Macro expansion is done recursively. That is, within a macro, macros are
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1731 expanded. This can lead to infinite loops in macro expansion. If the assembler
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1732 hangs for a long time while assembling a file that uses macros, this may be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1733 the reason.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1734 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1735 >Each macro expansion receives its own local symbol context which is not
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1736 inherited by any macros called by it nor is it inherited from the context
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1737 the macro was instantiated in. That means it is possible to use local symbols
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1738 within macros without having them collide with symbols in other macros or
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1739 outside the macro itself. However, this also means that using a local symbol
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1740 as a parameter to a macro, while legal, will not do what it would seem to do
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1741 as it will result in looking up the local symbol in the macro's symbol context
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1742 rather than the enclosing context where it came from, likely yielding either
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1743 an undefined symbol error or bizarre assembly results.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1744 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1745 >Note that there is no way to define a macro as local to a symbol context. All
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1746 macros are part of the global macro namespace. However, macros have a separate
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1747 namespace from symbols so it is possible to have a symbol with the same name
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1748 as a macro.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1749 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1750 >Macros are defined only during the first pass. Macro expansion also
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1751 only occurs during the first pass. On the second pass, the macro
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1752 definition is simply ignored. Macros must be defined before they are used.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1753 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1754 >The following directives are used when defining macros.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1755 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1756 ></P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1757 ><DIV
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parents:
diff changeset
1758 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1759 ><DL
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1760 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1761 ><CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1762 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1763 >macroname</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1764 > MACRO [NOEXPAND]</DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1765 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1766 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1767 >This directive is used to being the definition of a macro called
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1768 <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1769 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1770 >macroname</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1771 >. If <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1772 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1773 >macroname</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1774 > already
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1775 exists, it is considered an error. Attempting to define a macro within a
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1776 macro is undefined. It may work and it may not so the behaviour should not
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1777 be relied upon.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1778 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1779 >If NOEXPAND is specified, the macro will not be expanded in a program
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1780 listing. Instead, all bytes emitted by all instructions within the macro
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1781 will appear to be emitted on the line where the macro is invoked, starting
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1782 at the address of the line of the invokation. If the macro uses ORG or other
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1783 directives that define symbols or change the assembly address, these things
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1784 will also be hidden (except in the symbol table) and the output bytes will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1785 appear with incorrect address attribution. Thus, NOEXPAND should only be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1786 used for macros that do not mess with the assembly address or otherwise
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1787 define symbols that should be visible.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1788 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1789 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1790 >ENDM</DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1791 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1792 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1793 >This directive indicates the end of the macro currently being defined. It
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1794 causes the assembler to resume interpreting source lines as normal.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1795 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1796 ></DL
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parents:
diff changeset
1797 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1798 ></DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1799 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1800 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1801 ><HR><H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1802 CLASS="SECTION"
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parents:
diff changeset
1803 ><A
333
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parents: 324
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1804 NAME="AEN543"
153
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parents:
diff changeset
1805 >3.8. Structures</A
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1806 ></H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1807 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1808 >&#13;Structures are used to group related data in a fixed structure. A structure
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1809 consists a number of fields, defined in sequential order and which take up
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1810 specified size. The assembler does not enforce any means of access within a
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1811 structure; it assumes that whatever you are doing, you intended to do.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1812 There are two pseudo ops that are used for defining structures.&#13;</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1813 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1814 ></P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1815 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1816 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1817 ><DL
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1818 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1819 ><CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1820 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1821 >structname</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1822 > STRUCT</DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1823 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1824 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1825 >&#13;This directive is used to begin the definition of a structure with name
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1826 <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1827 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1828 >structname</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1829 >. Subsequent statements all form part of
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1830 the structure definition until the end of the structure is declared.&#13;</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1831 ></DD
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parents:
diff changeset
1832 ><DT
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parents:
diff changeset
1833 >ENDSTRUCT, ENDS</DT
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parents:
diff changeset
1834 ><DD
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parents:
diff changeset
1835 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1836 >This directive ends the definition of the structure. ENDSTRUCT is the
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1837 preferred form. Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS was used to end a
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1838 section instead of a structure.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1839 ></DD
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parents:
diff changeset
1840 ></DL
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parents:
diff changeset
1841 ></DIV
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parents:
diff changeset
1842 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1843 >&#13;Within a structure definition, only reservation pseudo ops are permitted.
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parents:
diff changeset
1844 Anything else will cause an assembly error.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1845 ><P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1846 > Once a structure is defined, you can reserve an area of memory in the
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1847 same structure by using the structure name as the opcode. Structures can
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parents:
diff changeset
1848 also contain fields that are themselves structures. See the example
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parents:
diff changeset
1849 below.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1850 ><PRE
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parents:
diff changeset
1851 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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parents:
diff changeset
1852 >tstruct2 STRUCT
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parents:
diff changeset
1853 f1 rmb 1
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parents:
diff changeset
1854 f2 rmb 1
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parents:
diff changeset
1855 ENDSTRUCT
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parents:
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1856
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parents:
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1857 tstruct STRUCT
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parents:
diff changeset
1858 field1 rmb 2
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parents:
diff changeset
1859 field2 rmb 3
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diff changeset
1860 field3 tstruct2
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parents:
diff changeset
1861 ENDSTRUCT
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1862
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1863 ORG $2000
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parents:
diff changeset
1864 var1 tstruct
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parents:
diff changeset
1865 var2 tstruct2</PRE
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parents:
diff changeset
1866 ><P
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parents:
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1867 >Fields are referenced using a dot (.) as a separator. To refer to the
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parents:
diff changeset
1868 generic offset within a structure, use the structure name to the left of the
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parents:
diff changeset
1869 dot. If referring to a field within an actual variable, use the variable's
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parents:
diff changeset
1870 symbol name to the left of the dot.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1871 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1872 >You can also refer to the actual size of a structure (or a variable
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parents:
diff changeset
1873 declared as a structure) using the special symbol sizeof{structname} where
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parents:
diff changeset
1874 structname will be the name of the structure or the name of the
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parents:
diff changeset
1875 variable.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1876 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1877 >Essentially, structures are a shortcut for defining a vast number of
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parents:
diff changeset
1878 symbols. When a structure is defined, the assembler creates symbols for the
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diff changeset
1879 various fields in the form structname.fieldname as well as the appropriate
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parents:
diff changeset
1880 sizeof{structname} symbol. When a variable is declared as a structure, the
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parents:
diff changeset
1881 assembler does the same thing using the name of the variable. You will see
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diff changeset
1882 these symbols in the symbol table when the assembler is instructed to
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parents:
diff changeset
1883 provide a listing. For instance, the above listing will create the
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parents:
diff changeset
1884 following symbols (symbol values in parentheses): tstruct2.f1 (0),
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parents:
diff changeset
1885 tstruct2.f2 (1), sizeof{tstruct2} (2), tstruct.field1 (0), tstruct.field2
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1886 (2), tstruct.field3 (5), tstruct.field3.f1 (5), tstruct.field3.f2 (6),
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1887 sizeof{tstruct.field3} (2), sizeof{tstruct} (7), var1 {$2000}, var1.field1
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1888 {$2000}, var1.field2 {$2002}, var1.field3 {$2005}, var1.field3.f1 {$2005},
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diff changeset
1889 var1.field3.f2 {$2006}, sizeof(var1.field3} (2), sizeof{var1} (7), var2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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1890 ($2007), var2.f1 ($2007), var2.f2 ($2008), sizeof{var2} (2). </P
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1891 ></DIV
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1892 ><DIV
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diff changeset
1893 CLASS="SECTION"
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parents:
diff changeset
1894 ><HR><H2
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diff changeset
1895 CLASS="SECTION"
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1896 ><A
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1897 NAME="AEN564"
153
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1898 >3.9. Object Files and Sections</A
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parents:
diff changeset
1899 ></H2
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parents:
diff changeset
1900 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1901 >The object file target is very useful for large project because it allows
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1902 multiple files to be assembled independently and then linked into the final
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parents:
diff changeset
1903 binary at a later time. It allows only the small portion of the project
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diff changeset
1904 that was modified to be re-assembled rather than requiring the entire set
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diff changeset
1905 of source code to be available to the assembler in a single assembly process.
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parents:
diff changeset
1906 This can be particularly important if there are a large number of macros,
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diff changeset
1907 symbol definitions, or other metadata that uses resources at assembly time.
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parents:
diff changeset
1908 By far the largest benefit, however, is keeping the source files small enough
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diff changeset
1909 for a mere mortal to find things in them.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1910 ><P
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1911 >With multi-file projects, there needs to be a means of resolving references to
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parents:
diff changeset
1912 symbols in other source files. These are known as external references. The
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diff changeset
1913 addresses of these symbols cannot be known until the linker joins all the
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diff changeset
1914 object files into a single binary. This means that the assembler must be
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1915 able to output the object code without knowing the value of the symbol. This
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1916 places some restrictions on the code generated by the assembler. For
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1917 example, the assembler cannot generate direct page addressing for instructions
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parents:
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1918 that reference external symbols because the address of the symbol may not
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parents:
diff changeset
1919 be in the direct page. Similarly, relative branches and PC relative addressing
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1920 cannot be used in their eight bit forms. Everything that must be resolved
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1921 by the linker must be assembled to use the largest address size possible to
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1922 allow the linker to fill in the correct value at link time. Note that the
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1923 same problem applies to absolute address references as well, even those in
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lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
1924 the same source file, because the address is not known until link time.</P
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parents:
diff changeset
1925 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1926 >It is often desired in multi-file projects to have code of various types grouped
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parents:
diff changeset
1927 together in the final binary generated by the linker as well. The same applies
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diff changeset
1928 to data. In order for the linker to do that, the bits that are to be grouped
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lost@l-w.ca
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1929 must be tagged in some manner. This is where the concept of sections comes in.
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1930 Each chunk of code or data is part of a section in the object file. Then,
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diff changeset
1931 when the linker reads all the object files, it coalesces all sections of the
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1932 same name into a single section and then considers it as a unit.</P
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1933 ><P
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1934 >The existence of sections, however, raises a problem for symbols even
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1935 within the same source file. Thus, the assembler must treat symbols from
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1936 different sections within the same source file in the same manner as external
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1937 symbols. That is, it must leave them for the linker to resolve at link time,
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1938 with all the limitations that entails.</P
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parents:
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1939 ><P
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parents:
diff changeset
1940 >In the object file target mode, LWASM requires all source lines that
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parents:
diff changeset
1941 cause bytes to be output to be inside a section. Any directives that do
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1942 not cause any bytes to be output can appear outside of a section. This includes
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1943 such things as EQU or RMB. Even ORG can appear outside a section. ORG, however,
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1944 makes no sense within a section because it is the linker that determines
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1945 the starting address of the section's code, not the assembler.</P
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1946 ><P
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1947 >All symbols defined globally in the assembly process are local to the
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1948 source file and cannot be exported. All symbols defined within a section are
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1949 considered local to the source file unless otherwise explicitly exported.
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1950 Symbols referenced from external source files must be declared external,
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1951 either explicitly or by asking the assembler to assume that all undefined
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1952 symbols are external.</P
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parents:
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1953 ><P
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1954 >It is often handy to define a number of memory addresses that will be
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1955 used for data at run-time but which need not be included in the binary file.
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1956 These memory addresses are not initialized until run-time, either by the
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1957 program itself or by the program loader, depending on the operating environment.
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1958 Such sections are often known as BSS sections. LWASM supports generating
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1959 sections with a BSS attribute set which causes the section definition including
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1960 symbols exported from that section and those symbols required to resolve
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1961 references from the local file, but with no actual code in the object file.
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1962 It is illegal for any source lines within a BSS flagged section to cause any
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1963 bytes to be output.</P
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1964 ><P
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1965 >The following directives apply to section handling.</P
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1966 ><P
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1967 ></P
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1968 ><DIV
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1969 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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1970 ><DL
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1971 ><DT
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parents:
diff changeset
1972 >SECTION <CODE
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parents:
diff changeset
1973 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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parents:
diff changeset
1974 >name[,flags]</CODE
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parents:
diff changeset
1975 >, SECT <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1976 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1977 >name[,flags]</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1978 >, .AREA <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1979 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1980 >name[,flags]</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1981 ></DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1982 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1983 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1984 >Instructs the assembler that the code following this directive is to be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1985 considered part of the section <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1986 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1987 >name</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1988 >. A section name
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1989 may appear multiple times in which case it is as though all the code from
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1990 all the instances of that section appeared adjacent within the source file.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff changeset
1991 However, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1992 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1993 >flags</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1994 > may only be specified on the first
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1995 instance of the section.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
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parents:
diff changeset
1996 ><P
168
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
1997 ><CODE
153
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parents:
diff changeset
1998 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1999 >flags</CODE
168
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2000 > is a comma separated list of flags. If a
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2001 flag is "bss", the section will be treated as a BSS section and no
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2002 statements that generate output are permitted.</P
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2003 ><P
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2004 >If the flag is "constant",
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2005 the same restrictions apply as for BSS sections. Additionally, all symbols
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 153
diff changeset
2006 defined in a constant section define absolute values and will not be
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2007 adjusted by the linker at link time. Constant sections cannot define
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2008 complex expressions for symbols; the value must be fully defined at assembly
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 153
diff changeset
2009 time. Additionally, multiple instances of a constant section do not
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 153
diff changeset
2010 coalesce into a single addressing unit; each instance starts again at offset
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 153
diff changeset
2011 0.</P
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2012 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2013 >If the section name is "bss" or ".bss" in any combination of upper and
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2014 lower case, the section is assumed to be a BSS section. In that case,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2015 the flag <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2016 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2017 >!bss</CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2018 > can be used to override this assumption.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2019 ><P
168
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2020 > If the section name is "_constants" or "_constant", in any
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2021 combination of upper and lower case, the section is assumed to be a constant
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 153
diff changeset
2022 section. This assumption can be overridden with the "!constant"
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2023 flag.</P
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 153
diff changeset
2024 ><P
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2025 >If assembly is already happening within a section, the section is implicitly
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2026 ended and the new section started. This is not considered an error although
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2027 it is recommended that all sections be explicitly closed.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2028 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2029 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2030 >ENDSECTION, ENDSECT</DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2031 ><DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2032 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2033 >This directive ends the current section. This puts assembly outside of any
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2034 sections until the next SECTION directive. ENDSECTION is the preferred form.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2035 Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS could also be used to end a section but
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2036 as of version 3.0, it is now an alias for ENDSTRUCT instead.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2037 ></DD
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2038 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2039 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2040 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2041 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2042 > EXTERN, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2043 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2044 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2045 > EXTERNAL, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2046 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2047 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2048 > IMPORT</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2049 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2050 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2051 >This directive defines <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2052 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2053 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2054 > as an external symbol.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2055 This directive may occur at any point in the source code. EXTERN definitions
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2056 are resolved on the first pass so an EXTERN definition anywhere in the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2057 source file is valid for the entire file. The use of this directive is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2058 optional when the assembler is instructed to assume that all undefined
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2059 symbols are external. In fact, in that mode, if the symbol is referenced
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2060 before the EXTERN directive, an error will occur.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2061 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2062 ><DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2063 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2064 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2065 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2066 > EXPORT, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2067 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2068 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2069 > .GLOBL, EXPORT <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2070 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2071 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2072 >, .GLOBL <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2073 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2074 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2075 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2076 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2077 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2078 >This directive defines <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2079 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2080 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2081 > as an exported symbol.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2082 This directive may occur at any point in the source code, even before the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2083 definition of the exported symbol.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2084 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2085 >Note that <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2086 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2087 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2088 > may appear as the operand or as the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2089 statement's symbol. If there is a symbol on the statement, that will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2090 take precedence over any operand that is present.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2091 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2092 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2093 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2094 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2095 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2096 > EXTDEP</DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2097 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2098 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2099 >This directive forces an external dependency on
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2100 <CODE
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2101 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2102 >sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2103 >, even if it is never referenced anywhere else in
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2104 this file.</P
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2105 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2106 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2107 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2108 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2109 ><DIV
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2110 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2111 ><HR><H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2112 CLASS="SECTION"
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2113 ><A
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2114 NAME="AEN628"
153
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parents:
diff changeset
2115 >3.10. Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2116 ></H2
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2117 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2118 >There are a number of options that affect the way assembly is performed.
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2119 Some of these options can only be specified on the command line because
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2120 they determine something absolute about the assembly process. These include
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2121 such things as the output target. Other things may be switchable during
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2122 the assembly process. These are known as pragmas and are, by definition,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2123 not portable between assemblers.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2124 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2125 >LWASM supports a number of pragmas that affect code generation or
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2126 otherwise affect the behaviour of the assembler. These may be specified by
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2127 way of a command line option or by assembler directives. The directives
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2128 are as follows.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2129 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2130 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2131 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2132 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2133 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2134 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2135 >PRAGMA <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2136 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2137 >pragma[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2138 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2139 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2140 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2141 >Specifies that the assembler should bring into force all <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2142 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2143 >pragma</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2144 >s
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2145 specified. Any unrecognized pragma will cause an assembly error. The new
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2146 pragmas will take effect immediately. This directive should be used when
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2147 the program will assemble incorrectly if the pragma is ignored or not supported.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2148 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2149 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2150 >*PRAGMA <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2151 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2152 >pragma[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2153 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2154 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2155 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2156 >This is identical to the PRAGMA directive except no error will occur with
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2157 unrecognized or unsupported pragmas. This directive, by virtue of starting
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2158 with a comment character, will also be ignored by assemblers that do not
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2159 support this directive. Use this variation if the pragma is not required
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2160 for correct functioning of the code.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2161 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2162 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2163 >*PRAGMAPUSH <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2164 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2165 >pragma[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2166 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2167 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2168 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2169 >This directive saves the current state of the specified pragma(s) for later retrieval. See discussion below for more information.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2170 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2171 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2172 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2173 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2174 >*PRAGMAPOP <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2175 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2176 >pragma[,...]</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2177 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2178 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2179 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2180 >This directive restores the previously saved state of the specified pragma(s). See discussion below for more information.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2181 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2182 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2183 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2184 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2185 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2186 ><P
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2187 >Each pragma supported has a positive version and a negative version.
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2188 The positive version enables the pragma while the negative version disables
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2189 it. The negatitve version is simply the positive version with "no" prefixed
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2190 to it. For instance, "pragma" vs. "nopragma". When only one version is
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2191 listed below, its opposite can be obtained by prepending "no" if it is not
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2192 present or removing "no" from the beginning if it is present.</P
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2193 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2194 >Pragmas are not case sensitive.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2195 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2196 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2197 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2198 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2199 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2200 ><DT
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2201 >6800compat</DT
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2202 ><DD
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2203 ><P
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2204 >When in force, this pragma enables recognition of various
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2205 compatibility instructions useful when assembling 6800 code. These
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2206 compatibility instructions are assembled into equivalent 6809 instructions.
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2207 This mode also includes several analogous instructions which are not
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2208 strictly 6800 instructions but allow the similar style to be applied to 6809
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2209 specific features.</P
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2210 ><P
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2211 >Technically, a compliant 6809 assembler must recognize these
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2212 instructions by default since Motorola advertised the 6809 as being source
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2213 compatible with the 6800. However, most source code does not require this
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2214 compatibility and LWASM itself did not support these instructions prior to
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2215 version 4.11 so this mode is disabled by default.</P
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2216 ></DD
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
2217 ><DT
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2218 >index0tonone</DT
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2219 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2220 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2221 >When in force, this pragma enables an optimization affecting indexed addressing
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2222 modes. When the offset expression in an indexed mode evaluates to zero but is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2223 not explicity written as 0, this will replace the operand with the equivalent
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2224 no offset mode, thus creating slightly faster code. Because of the advantages
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2225 of this optimization, it is enabled by default.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2226 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2227 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2228 >cescapes</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2229 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2230 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2231 >This pragma will cause strings in the FCC, FCS, and FCN pseudo operations to
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2232 have C-style escape sequences interpreted. The one departure from the official
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2233 spec is that unrecognized escape sequences will return either the character
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2234 immediately following the backslash or some undefined value. Do not rely
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2235 on the behaviour of undefined escape sequences.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2236 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2237 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2238 >importundefexport</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2239 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2240 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2241 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2242 in force, it will cause the EXPORT directive to act as IMPORT if the symbol
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2243 to be exported is not defined. This is provided for compatibility with the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2244 output of gcc6809 and should not be used in hand written code. Because of
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2245 the confusion this pragma can cause, it is disabled by default.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2246 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2247 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2248 >undefextern</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2249 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2250 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2251 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When in
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2252 force, if the assembler sees an undefined symbol on the second pass, it will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2253 automatically define it as an external symbol. This automatic definition will
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2254 apply for the remainder of the assembly process, even if the pragma is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2255 subsequently turned off. Because this behaviour would be potentially surprising,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2256 this pragma defaults to off.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2257 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2258 >The primary use for this pragma is for projects that share a large number of
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2259 symbols between source files. In such cases, it is impractical to enumerate
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2260 all the external references in every source file. This allows the assembler
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2261 and linker to do the heavy lifting while not preventing a particular source
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2262 module from defining a local symbol of the same name as an external symbol
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2263 if it does not need the external symbol. (This pragma will not cause an
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2264 automatic external definition if there is already a locally defined symbol.)</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2265 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2266 >This pragma will often be specified on the command line for large projects.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2267 However, depending on the specific dynamics of the project, it may be sufficient
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2268 for one or two files to use this pragma internally.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2269 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2270 ><DT
253
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2271 >export</DT
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2272 ><DD
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2273 ><P
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2274 >This pragma causes all symbols to be added to the export list
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2275 automatically. This is useful when a large number of symbols need to be
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2276 exported but you do not wish to include an EXPORT directive for all of them.
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2277 This is often useful on the command line but might be useful even inline
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2278 with the PRAGMA directive if a large number of symbols in a row are to be
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2279 exported.</P
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2280 ></DD
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
2281 ><DT
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2282 >dollarlocal</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2283 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2284 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2285 >When set, a "$" in a symbol makes it local. When not set, "$" does not
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2286 cause a symbol to be local. It is set by default except when using the OS9
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2287 target.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2288 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2289 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2290 >dollarnotlocal</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2291 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2292 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2293 > This is the same as the "dollarlocal" pragma except its sense is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2294 reversed. That is, "dollarlocal" and "nodollarnotlocal" are equivalent and
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2295 "nodollarlocal" and "dollarnotlocal" are equivalent. </P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2296 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2297 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2298 >pcaspcr</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2299 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2300 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2301 > Normally, LWASM makes a distinction between PC and PCR in program
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2302 counter relative addressing. In particular, the use of PC means an absolute
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2303 offset from PC while PCR causes the assembler to calculate the offset to the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2304 specified operand and use that as the offset from PC. By setting this
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2305 pragma, you can have PC treated the same as PCR. </P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2306 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2307 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2308 >shadow</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2309 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2310 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2311 >When this pragma is in effect, it becomes possible to define a macro
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2312 that matches an internal operation code. Thus, it makes it possible to
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2313 redefine either CPU instructions or pseudo operations. Because this feature
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2314 is of dubious utility, it is disabled by default.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2315 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2316 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2317 >nolist</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2318 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2319 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2320 >Lines where this pragma is in effect will not appear in the assembly
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2321 listing. Also, any symbols defined under this pragma will not show up in
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2322 the symbol list. This is most useful in include files to avoid spamming the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2323 assembly listing with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of irrelevant
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2324 symbols.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2325 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2326 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2327 >autobranchlength</DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2328 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2329 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2330 >One of the perennial annoyances for 6809 programmers is that the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2331 mneumonics for the short and long branch instructions are different (bxx vs.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2332 lbxx), which is at odds with the rest of the instruction set. This pragma
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2333 is a solution to those annoying byte overflow errors that short branch
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2334 instructions tend to aquire.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2335 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2336 >When this pragma is in effect, which is not the default, whenever any
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2337 relative branch instruction is used, its size will be automatically
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2338 determined based on the actual distance to the destination. In other words,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2339 one can write code with long or short branches everywhere and the assembler
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2340 will choose a size for the branch.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2341 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2342 >Also, while this pragma is in effect, the &#62; and &#60; symbols can be used
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2343 to force the branch size, analogous to their use for other instructions with
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2344 &#60; forcing 8 bit offsets and &#62; forcing 16 bit offets.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2345 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2346 >Because this pragma leads to source that is incompatible with other
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2347 assemblers, it is strongly recommended that it be invoked using the PRAGMA
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2348 directive within the source code rather than on the command line or via the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2349 *PRAGMA directive. This way, an error will be raised if someone tries to
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2350 assemble the code under a different assembler.</P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2351 ></DD
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2352 ><DT
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2353 >nosymbolcase, symbolnocase</DT
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2354 ><DD
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2355 ><P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2356 >Any symbol defined while this pragma is in force will be treated as
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2357 case insensitive, regardless whether the pragma is in force when the symbol
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2358 is referenced.</P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2359 ><P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2360 >It is important to note that this pragma will not work as expected in
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2361 all cases when using the object file assembly target. It is intended for
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2362 use only when the assembler will be producing the final binary.</P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2363 ></DD
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2364 ><DT
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2365 >condundefzero</DT
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2366 ><DD
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2367 ><P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2368 >This pragma will cause the assembler to change the way it handles
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2369 symbols in conditional expressions. Ordinarily, any symbol that is not
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2370 defined prior to the conditional will throw an undefined symbol error. With
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2371 this pragma in effect, symbols that are not yet defined at the point the
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2372 conditional is encountered will be treated as zero.</P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2373 ><P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2374 >This is not the default because it encourages poor code design. One
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2375 should use the "IFDEF" or "IFNDEF" conditionals to test for the presence of
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2376 a symbol.</P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2377 ><P
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2378 >It is important to note that if a symbol is defined but it does not
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2379 yet evaluate to a constant value at the point where the conditional appears,
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
2380 the assembler will still complain about a non constant condition.</P
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2381 ></DD
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2382 ><DT
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2383 >forwardrefmax</DT
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2384 ><DD
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2385 ><P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2386 >This pragma will disable forward reference optimization completely.
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2387 Ordinarily, LWASM will attempt to select the shortest possible addressing
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2388 mode for forward references. However, in many source files, especially
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2389 those not using the PCR relative addressing modes, this optimization is
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2390 pointless since the assembler will almost certainly settle on a 16 bit
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2391 offset or address. If all variables in the direct page are defined before
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2392 the main body of the code, the benefit of forward reference optimization
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2393 almost certainly vanishes completely. However, the cost of doing that
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2394 optimization remains and can result in a very long assembly time.</P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2395 ><P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2396 >Enabling this pragma will cause all forward references to use the
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2397 maximum offset or address size, much the same has EDTASM and other pure
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2398 two pass assemblers do. The side effect is that all line lengths and
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2399 symbol values are fully resolved after the initial parsing pass and the
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2400 amount of work to resolve everything becomes almost nil.</P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2401 ><P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2402 >While this pragma can be applied selectively to sections of source
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2403 code (use *PRAGMA if doing so and compatibility with other assemblers
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2404 is desired), it is likely more useful when provided as a command line
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2405 pragma.</P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2406 ><P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2407 >It should be noted that the presence or absence of this pragma
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2408 will not change the correctness of the generated code unless cycle counts
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2409 or byte counts are critical (which they usually are not). It also will
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2410 not override the operand size override prefixes (&lt; and &gt;). It only
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2411 applies when the assembler is left to guess what the operand size is.</P
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2412 ></DD
153
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lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2413 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2414 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2415 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2416 >As a convenience, each input file has a pragma state stack. This
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2417 allows, through the use of *PRAGMAPUSH and *PRAGMAPOP, a file to change a
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2418 pragma state and then restore it to the precise state it had previously.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2419 If, at the end of an input file, all pragma states have not been popped,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2420 they will be removed from the stack. Thus, it is critical to employ
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2421 *PRAGMAPOP correctly. Because each input file has its own pragma stack,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2422 using *PRAGMAPUSH in one file and *PRAGMAPOP in another file will not
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2423 work.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2424 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2425 >Pragma stacks are more useful in include files, in particular in
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2426 conjunction with the nolist pragma. One can push the state of the nolist
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2427 pragma, engage the nolist pragma, and then pop the state of the nolist
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2428 pragma at the end of the include file. This will cause the entire include
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2429 file to operate under the nolist pragma. However, if the file is included
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2430 while nolist is already engaged, it will not undo that state.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2431 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2432 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2433 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2434 CLASS="CHAPTER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2435 ><HR><H1
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2436 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2437 NAME="AEN734"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2438 ></A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2439 >Chapter 4. LWLINK</H1
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2440 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2441 >The LWTOOLS linker is called LWLINK. This chapter documents the various features
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2442 of the linker.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2443 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2444 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2445 ><HR><H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2446 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2447 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2448 NAME="AEN737"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2449 >4.1. Command Line Options</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2450 ></H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2451 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2452 >The binary for LWLINK is called "lwlink". Note that the binary is in lower
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2453 case. lwlink takes the following command line arguments.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2454 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2455 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2456 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2457 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2458 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2459 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2460 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2461 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2462 >--decb</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2463 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2464 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2465 >-b</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2466 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2467 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2468 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2469 >Selects the DECB output format target. This is equivalent to <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2470 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2471 >--format=decb</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2472 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2473 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2474 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2475 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2476 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2477 >--output=FILE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2478 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2479 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2480 >-o FILE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2481 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2482 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2483 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2484 >This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2485 default is <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2486 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2487 >a.out</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2488 >.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2489 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2490 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2491 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2492 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2493 >--format=TYPE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2494 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2495 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2496 >-f TYPE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2497 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2498 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2499 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2500 >This option specifies the output format. Valid values are <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2501 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2502 >decb</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2503 >
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2504 and <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2505 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2506 >raw</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2507 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2508 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2509 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2510 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2511 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2512 >--raw</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2513 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2514 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2515 >-r</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2516 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2517 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2518 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2519 >This option specifies the raw output format.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2520 It is equivalent to <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2521 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2522 >--format=raw</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2523 >
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2524 and <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2525 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2526 >-f raw</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2527 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2528 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2529 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2530 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2531 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2532 >--script=FILE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2533 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2534 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2535 >-s</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2536 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2537 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2538 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2539 >This option allows specifying a linking script to override the linker's
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2540 built in defaults.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2541 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2542 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2543 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2544 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2545 >--section-base=SECT=BASE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2546 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2547 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2548 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2549 >Cause section SECT to load at base address BASE. This will be prepended
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2550 to the built-in link script. It is ignored if a link script is provided.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2551 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2552 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2553 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2554 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2555 >--map=FILE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2556 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2557 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2558 >-m FILE</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2559 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2560 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2561 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2562 >This will output a description of the link result to FILE.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2563 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2564 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2565 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2566 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2567 >--library=LIBSPEC</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2568 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2569 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2570 >-l LIBSPEC</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2571 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2572 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2573 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2574 >Load a library using the library search path. LIBSPEC will have "lib" prepended
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2575 and ".a" appended.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2576 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2577 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2578 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2579 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2580 >--library-path=DIR</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2581 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2582 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2583 >-L DIR</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2584 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2585 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2586 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2587 >Add DIR to the library search path.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2588 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2589 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2590 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2591 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2592 >--debug</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2593 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2594 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2595 >-d</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2596 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2597 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2598 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2599 >This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2600 developers.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2601 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2602 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2603 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2604 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2605 >--help</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2606 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2607 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2608 >-?</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2609 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2610 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2611 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2612 >This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2613 of each.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2614 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2615 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2616 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2617 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2618 >--usage</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2619 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2620 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2621 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2622 >This will display a usage summary
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2623 of each command line option.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2624 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2625 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2626 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2627 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2628 >--version</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2629 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2630 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2631 >-V</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2632 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2633 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2634 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2635 >This will display the version of LWLINK.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2636 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2637 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2638 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2639 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2640 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2641 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2642 ><HR><H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2643 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2644 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2645 NAME="AEN834"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2646 >4.2. Linker Operation</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2647 ></H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2648 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2649 >&#13;LWLINK takes one or more files in supported input formats and links them
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2650 into a single binary. Currently supported formats are the LWTOOLS object
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2651 file format and the archive format used by LWAR. While the precise method is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2652 slightly different, linking can be conceptualized as the following steps.&#13;</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2653 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2654 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2655 ><OL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2656 TYPE="1"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2657 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2658 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2659 >First, the linker loads a linking script. If no script is specified, it
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2660 loads a built-in default script based on the output format selected. This
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2661 script tells the linker how to lay out the various sections in the final
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2662 binary.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2663 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2664 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2665 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2666 >Next, the linker reads all the input files into memory. At this time, it
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2667 flags any format errors in those files. It constructs a table of symbols
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2668 for each object at this time.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2669 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2670 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2671 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2672 >The linker then proceeds with organizing the sections loaded from each file
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2673 according to the linking script. As it does so, it is able to assign addresses
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2674 to each symbol defined in each object file. At this time, the linker may
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2675 also collapse different instances of the same section name into a single
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2676 section by appending the data from each subsequent instance of the section
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2677 to the first instance of the section.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2678 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2679 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2680 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2681 >Next, the linker looks through every object file for every incomplete reference.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2682 It then attempts to fully resolve that reference. If it cannot do so, it
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2683 throws an error. Once a reference is resolved, the value is placed into
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2684 the binary code at the specified section. It should be noted that an
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2685 incomplete reference can reference either a symbol internal to the object
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2686 file or an external symbol which is in the export list of another object
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2687 file.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2688 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2689 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2690 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2691 >If all of the above steps are successful, the linker opens the output file
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2692 and actually constructs the binary.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2693 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2694 ></OL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2695 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2696 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2697 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2698 ><HR><H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2699 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2700 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2701 NAME="AEN848"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2702 >4.3. Linking Scripts</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2703 ></H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2704 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2705 >A linker script is used to instruct the linker about how to assemble the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2706 various sections into a completed binary. It consists of a series of
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2707 directives which are considered in the order they are encountered.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2708 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2709 >The sections will appear in the resulting binary in the order they are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2710 specified in the script file. If a referenced section is not found, the linker will behave as though the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2711 section did exist but had a zero size, no relocations, and no exports.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2712 A section should only be referenced once. Any subsequent references will have
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2713 an undefined effect.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2714 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2715 >All numbers are in linking scripts are specified in hexadecimal. All directives
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2716 are case sensitive although the hexadecimal numbers are not.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2717 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2718 >A section name can be specified as a "*", then any section not
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2719 already matched by the script will be matched. The "*" can be followed
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2720 by a comma and a flag to narrow the section down slightly, also.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2721 If the flag is "!bss", then any section that is not flagged as a bss section
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2722 will be matched. If the flag is "bss", then any section that is flagged as
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2723 bss will be matched.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2724 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2725 >The following directives are understood in a linker script.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2726 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2727 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2728 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2729 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2730 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2731 ><DT
236
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2732 >sectopt <CODE
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2733 CLASS="PARAMETER"
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2734 >section</CODE
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2735 > padafter <CODE
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2736 CLASS="PARAMETER"
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2737 >byte,...</CODE
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2738 ></DT
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2739 ><DD
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2740 ><P
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2741 >&#13;This will cause the linker to append the specified list of byte values
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2742 (specified in hexadecimal separated by commas) to the end of the named
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2743 section. This is done once all instances of the specified section are
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2744 collected together. This has no effect if the specified section does not
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2745 appear anywhere in any of the objects specified for linking. &#13;</P
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2746 ><P
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2747 >&#13;If code depends on the presence of this padding somewhere, it is sufficient
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2748 to include an empty section of the specified name in the object that depends
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2749 on it.&#13;</P
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2750 ></DD
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2751 ><DT
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2752 >define basesympat <CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2753 CLASS="PARAMETER"
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2754 >string</CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2755 ></DT
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2756 ><DD
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2757 ><P
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2758 >&#13;This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate base address of
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2759 each section using the pattern specified by <CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2760 CLASS="PARAMETER"
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2761 >string</CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2762 >.
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2763 In the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2764 section name. The base address is calculated after all instances of each
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2765 section have been collapsed together.&#13;</P
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2766 ><P
236
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2767 >&#13;It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2768 particular section name, there will be no base symbol defined for it, even
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2769 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2770 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2771 the specified name in the object that depends on it.&#13;</P
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2772 ><P
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2773 > If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2774 sections, the results are undefined.&#13;</P
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2775 ></DD
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2776 ><DT
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2777 >define lensympat <CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2778 CLASS="PARAMETER"
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2779 >string</CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2780 ></DT
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2781 ><DD
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2782 ><P
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2783 >&#13;This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate length of each
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2784 section using the pattern specified by <CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2785 CLASS="PARAMETER"
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2786 >string</CODE
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2787 >. In
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2788 the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the section
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2789 name. The length is calculated after all instances of a section have been
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2790 collapsed together.&#13;</P
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2791 ><P
236
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2792 >&#13;It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2793 particular section name, there will be no length symbol defined for it, even
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2794 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2795 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2796 the specified name in the object that depends on it.&#13;</P
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2797 ><P
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2798 >If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2799 sections, the results are undefined.&#13;</P
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2800 ></DD
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2801 ><DT
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2802 >section <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2803 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2804 >name</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2805 > load <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2806 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2807 >addr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2808 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2809 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2810 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2811 >&#13;This causes the section <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2812 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2813 >name</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2814 > to load at
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2815 <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2816 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2817 >addr</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2818 >. For the raw target, only one "load at" entry is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2819 allowed for non-bss sections and it must be the first one. For raw targets,
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2820 it affects the addresses the linker assigns to symbols but has no other
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2821 affect on the output. bss sections may all have separate load addresses but
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2822 since they will not appear in the binary anyway, this is okay.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2823 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2824 >For the decb target, each "load" entry will cause a new "block" to be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2825 output to the binary which will contain the load address. It is legal for
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2826 sections to overlap in this manner - the linker assumes the loader will sort
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2827 everything out.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2828 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2829 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2830 >section <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2831 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2832 >name</CODE
316
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2833 > high <CODE
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2834 CLASS="PARAMETER"
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2835 >addr</CODE
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2836 ></DT
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2837 ><DD
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2838 ><P
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2839 >&#13;This causes the section <CODE
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2840 CLASS="PARAMETER"
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2841 >name</CODE
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2842 > to load with its end
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2843 address just below <CODE
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2844 CLASS="PARAMETER"
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2845 >addr</CODE
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2846 >. Subsequent sections are
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2847 loaded at progressively lower addresses. This may lead to inefficient file
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2848 encoding for some targets. As of this writing, it will also almost
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2849 certainly do the wrong thing for a raw target.&#13;</P
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2850 ><P
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2851 >&#13;This is useful for aligning a block of code with high memory. As an
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2852 example, if the total size of a section is $100 bytes and a high address of
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2853 $FE00 is specified, the section will actually load at $FD00.&#13;</P
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2854 ></DD
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2855 ><DT
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2856 >section <CODE
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2857 CLASS="PARAMETER"
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2858 >name</CODE
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2859 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2860 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2861 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2862 >&#13;This will cause the section <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2863 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2864 >name</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2865 > to load after the previously listed
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2866 section.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2867 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2868 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2869 >entry <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2870 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2871 >addr or sym</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2872 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2873 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2874 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2875 >This will cause the execution address (entry point) to be the address
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2876 specified (in hex) or the specified symbol name. The symbol name must
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2877 match a symbol that is exported by one of the object files being linked.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2878 This has no effect for targets that do not encode the entry point into the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2879 resulting file. If not specified, the entry point is assumed to be address 0
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2880 which is probably not what you want. The default link scripts for targets
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2881 that support this directive automatically starts at the beginning of the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2882 first section (usually "init" or "code") that is emitted in the binary.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2883 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2884 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2885 >pad <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2886 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2887 >size</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2888 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2889 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2890 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2891 >This will cause the output file to be padded with NUL bytes to be exactly
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2892 <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2893 CLASS="PARAMETER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2894 >size</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2895 > bytes in length. This only makes sense for a raw target.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2896 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2897 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2898 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2899 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2900 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2901 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2902 ><HR><H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2903 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2904 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2905 NAME="AEN914"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2906 >4.4. Format Specific Linking Notes</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2907 ></H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2908 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2909 >Some formats require special information to be able to generate actual
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2910 binaries. If the specific format you are interested in is not listed in
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2911 this section, then there is nothing special you need to know about to create
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2912 a final binary.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2913 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2914 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2915 ><HR><H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2916 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2917 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2918 NAME="AEN917"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2919 >4.4.1. OS9 Modules</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2920 ></H3
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2921 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2922 >OS9 modules need to embed several items into the module header. These
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2923 items are the type of module, the langauge of the module, the module
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2924 attributes, the module revision number, the data size (bss), and the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2925 execution offset. These are all either calculated or default to reasonable
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2926 values.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2927 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2928 >The data size is calcuated as the sum of all sections named "bss" or
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2929 ".bss" in all object files that are linked together.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2930 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2931 >The execution offset is calculated from the address of the special
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2932 symbol "__start" which must be an exported (external) symbol in one of the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2933 objects to be linked.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2934 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2935 >The type defaults to "Prgrm" or "Program module". The language
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2936 defaults to "Objct" or "6809 object code". Attributes default to enabling
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2937 the re-entrant flag. And finally, the revision defaults to zero.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2938 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2939 >The embedded module name is the output filename. If the output
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2940 filename includes more than just the filename, this will probably not be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2941 what you want.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2942 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2943 >The type, language, attributes, revision, and module name can all be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2944 overridden by providing a special section in exactly one of the object files
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2945 to be linked. This section is called "__os9" (note the two underscores).
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2946 To override the type, language, attributes, or revision values, define a
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2947 non-exported symbol in this section called "type", "lang", "attr", or "rev"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2948 respectively. Any other symbols defined are ignored. To override the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2949 module name, include as the only actual code in the section a NUL terminated
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2950 string (the FCN directive is useful for this). If there is no code in the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2951 section or it beings with a NUL, the default name will be used. Any of the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2952 preceeding that are not defined in the special section will retain their
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2953 default values.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2954 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2955 >The built-in link script for OS9 modules will place the following
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2956 sections, in order, in the module: "code", ".text", "data", ".data". It
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2957 will merge all sections with the name "bss" or ".bss" into the "data"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2958 section. All other section names are ignored. What this means is that you
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2959 must define your data variables in the a section called "bss" or ".bss" even
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2960 though you will be refencing them all as offsets from U. This does have the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2961 unpleasant side effect that all BSS references will end up being 16 bit
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2962 offsets because the assembler cannot know what the offset will be once the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2963 linker is finished its work. Thus, if the tightest possible code is
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2964 required, having LWASM directly output the module is a better choice.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2965 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2966 >While the built-in link script is probably sufficient for most
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2967 purposes, you can provide your own script. If you provide a custom link
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2968 script, you must start your code and data sections at location 000D to
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2969 accommodate the module header. Otherwise, you will have an incorrect
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2970 location for the execution offset. You must use the ENTRY directive in the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2971 script to define the entry point for the module.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2972 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2973 >It should also be obvious from the above that you cannot mix the bss
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2974 (rmb) definitions with the module code when linking separately. Those
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2975 familiar with typical module creation will probably find this an unpleasant
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2976 difference but it is unavoidable.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2977 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2978 >It should also be noted that direct page references should also be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2979 avoided because you cannot know ahead of time whether the linker is going to
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2980 end up putting a particular variable in the first 256 bytes of the module's
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2981 data space. If, however, you know for certain you will have less than 256
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2982 bytes of defined data space across all of the object files that will be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2983 linked, you can instead use forced DP addressing for your data addresses
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2984 instead of the ,u notation. When linking with 3rd party libraries, this
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2985 practice should be avoided. Also, when creating libraries, always use the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2986 offset from U technique.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2987 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2988 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2989 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2990 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2991 CLASS="CHAPTER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2992 ><HR><H1
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2993 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2994 NAME="AEN929"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2995 ></A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2996 >Chapter 5. Libraries and LWAR</H1
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2997 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2998 >LWTOOLS also includes a tool for managing libraries. These are analogous to
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2999 the static libraries created with the "ar" tool on POSIX systems. Each library
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3000 file contains one or more object files. The linker will treat the object
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3001 files within a library as though they had been specified individually on
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3002 the command line except when resolving external references. External references
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3003 are looked up first within the object files within the library and then, if
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3004 not found, the usual lookup based on the order the files are specified on
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3005 the command line occurs.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3006 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3007 >The tool for creating these libary files is called LWAR.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3008 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3009 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3010 ><HR><H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3011 CLASS="SECTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3012 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
3013 NAME="AEN933"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3014 >5.1. Command Line Options</A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3015 ></H2
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3016 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3017 >The binary for LWAR is called "lwar". Note that the binary is in lower
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3018 case. The options lwar understands are listed below. For archive manipulation
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3019 options, the first non-option argument is the name of the archive. All other
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3020 non-option arguments are the names of files to operate on.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3021 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3022 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3023 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3024 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3025 ><DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3026 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3027 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3028 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3029 >--add</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3030 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3031 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3032 >-a</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3033 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3034 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3035 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3036 >This option specifies that an archive is going to have files added to it.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3037 If the archive does not already exist, it is created. New files are added
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3038 to the end of the archive.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3039 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3040 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3041 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3042 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3043 >--create</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3044 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3045 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3046 >-c</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3047 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3048 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3049 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3050 >This option specifies that an archive is going to be created and have files
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3051 added to it. If the archive already exists, it is truncated.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3052 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3053 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3054 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3055 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3056 >--merge</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3057 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3058 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3059 >-m</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3060 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3061 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3062 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3063 >If specified, any files specified to be added to an archive will be checked
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3064 to see if they are archives themselves. If so, their constituent members are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3065 added to the archive. This is useful for avoiding archives containing archives.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3066 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3067 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3068 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3069 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3070 >--list</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3071 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3072 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3073 >-l</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3074 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3075 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3076 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3077 >This will display a list of the files contained in the archive.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3078 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3079 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3080 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3081 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3082 >--debug</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3083 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3084 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3085 >-d</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3086 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3087 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3088 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3089 >This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3090 developers.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3091 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3092 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3093 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3094 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3095 >--help</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3096 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3097 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3098 >-?</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3099 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3100 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3101 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3102 >This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3103 of each.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3104 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3105 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3106 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3107 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3108 >--usage</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3109 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3110 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3111 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3112 >This will display a usage summary
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3113 of each command line option.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3114 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3115 ><DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3116 ><CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3117 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3118 >--version</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3119 >, <CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3120 CLASS="OPTION"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3121 >-V</CODE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3122 ></DT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3123 ><DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3124 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3125 >This will display the version of LWLINK.
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3126 of each.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3127 ></DD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3128 ></DL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3129 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3130 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3131 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3132 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3133 CLASS="CHAPTER"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3134 ><HR><H1
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3135 ><A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3136 NAME="OBJCHAP"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3137 ></A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3138 >Chapter 6. Object Files</H1
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3139 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3140 >LWTOOLS uses a proprietary object file format. It is proprietary in the sense
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3141 that it is specific to LWTOOLS, not that it is a hidden format. It would be
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3142 hard to keep it hidden in an open source tool chain anyway. This chapter
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3143 documents the object file format.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3144 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3145 >An object file consists of a series of sections each of which contains a
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3146 list of exported symbols, a list of incomplete references, and a list of
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3147 "local" symbols which may be used in calculating incomplete references. Each
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3148 section will obviously also contain the object code.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3149 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3150 >Exported symbols must be completely resolved to an address within the
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3151 section it is exported from. That is, an exported symbol must be a constant
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3152 rather than defined in terms of other symbols.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3153 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3154 >Each object file starts with a magic number and version number. The magic
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3155 number is the string "LWOBJ16" for this 16 bit object file format. The only
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3156 defined version number is currently 0. Thus, the first 8 bytes of the object
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3157 file are <FONT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3158 COLOR="RED"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3159 >4C574F424A313600</FONT
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3160 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3161 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3162 >Each section has the following items in order:</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3163 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3164 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3165 ><UL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3166 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3167 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3168 >section name</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3169 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3170 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3171 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3172 >flags</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3173 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3174 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3175 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3176 >list of local symbols (and addresses within the section)</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3177 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3178 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3179 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3180 >list of exported symbols (and addresses within the section)</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3181 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3182 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3183 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3184 >list of incomplete references along with the expressions to calculate them</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3185 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3186 ><LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3187 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3188 >the actual object code (for non-BSS sections)</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3189 ></LI
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3190 ></UL
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3191 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3192 >The section starts with the name of the section with a NUL termination
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3193 followed by a series of flag bytes terminated by NUL. There are only two
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3194 flag bytes defined. A NUL (0) indicates no more flags and a value of 1
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3195 indicates the section is a BSS section. For a BSS section, no actual
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3196 code is included in the object file.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3197 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3198 >Either a NULL section name or end of file indicate the presence of no more
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3199 sections.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3200 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3201 >Each entry in the exported and local symbols table consists of the symbol
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3202 (NUL terminated) followed by two bytes which contain the value in big endian
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3203 order. The end of a symbol table is indicated by a NULL symbol name.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3204 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3205 >Each entry in the incomplete references table consists of an expression
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3206 followed by a 16 bit offset where the reference goes. Expressions are
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3207 defined as a series of terms up to an "end of expression" term. Each term
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3208 consists of a single byte which identifies the type of term (see below)
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3209 followed by any data required by the term. Then end of the list is flagged
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3210 by a NULL expression (only an end of expression term).</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3211 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3212 CLASS="TABLE"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3213 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
3214 NAME="AEN1016"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3215 ></A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3216 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3217 ><B
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3218 >Table 6-1. Object File Term Types</B
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3219 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3220 ><TABLE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3221 BORDER="1"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3222 FRAME="border"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3223 CLASS="CALSTABLE"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3224 ><COL><COL><THEAD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3225 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3226 ><TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3227 >TERMTYPE</TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3228 ><TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3229 >Meaning</TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3230 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3231 ></THEAD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3232 ><TBODY
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3233 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3234 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3235 >00</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3236 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3237 >end of expression</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3238 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3239 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3240 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3241 >01</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3242 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3243 >integer (16 bit in big endian order follows)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3244 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3245 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3246 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3247 >02</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3248 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3249 > external symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3250 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3251 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3252 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3253 >03</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3254 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3255 >local symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3256 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3257 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3258 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3259 >04</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3260 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3261 >operator (1 byte operator number)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3262 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3263 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3264 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3265 >05</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3266 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3267 >section base address reference</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3268 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3269 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3270 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3271 >FF</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3272 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3273 >This term will set flags for the expression. Each one of these terms will set a single flag. All of them should be specified first in an expression. If they are not, the behaviour is undefined. The byte following is the flag. Flag 01 indicates an 8 bit relocation. Flag 02 indicates a zero-width relocation (see the EXTDEP pseudo op in LWASM).</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3274 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3275 ></TBODY
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3276 ></TABLE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3277 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3278 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3279 >External references are resolved using other object files while local
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3280 references are resolved using the local symbol table(s) from this file. This
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3281 allows local symbols that are not exported to have the same names as
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3282 exported symbols or external references.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3283 ><DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3284 CLASS="TABLE"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3285 ><A
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
3286 NAME="AEN1046"
153
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3287 ></A
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3288 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3289 ><B
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3290 >Table 6-2. Object File Operator Numbers</B
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3291 ></P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3292 ><TABLE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3293 BORDER="1"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3294 FRAME="border"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3295 CLASS="CALSTABLE"
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3296 ><COL><COL><THEAD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3297 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3298 ><TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3299 >Number</TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3300 ><TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3301 >Operator</TH
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3302 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3303 ></THEAD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3304 ><TBODY
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3305 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3306 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3307 >01</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3308 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3309 >addition (+)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3310 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3311 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3312 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3313 >02</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3314 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3315 >subtraction (-)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3316 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3317 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3318 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3319 >03</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3320 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3321 >multiplication (*)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3322 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3323 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3324 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3325 >04</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3326 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3327 >division (/)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3328 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3329 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3330 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3331 >05</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3332 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3333 >modulus (%)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3334 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3335 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3336 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3337 >06</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3338 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3339 >integer division (\) (same as division)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3340 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3341 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3342 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3343 >07</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3344 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3345 >bitwise and</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3346 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3347 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3348 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3349 >08</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3350 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3351 >bitwise or</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3352 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3353 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3354 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3355 >09</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3356 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3357 >bitwise xor</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3358 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3359 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3360 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3361 >0A</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3362 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3363 >boolean and</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3364 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3365 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3366 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3367 >0B</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3368 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3369 >boolean or</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3370 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3371 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3372 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3373 >0C</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3374 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3375 >unary negation, 2's complement (-)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3376 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3377 ><TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3378 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3379 >0D</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3380 ><TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3381 >unary 1's complement (^)</TD
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3382 ></TR
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3383 ></TBODY
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3384 ></TABLE
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3385 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3386 ><P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3387 >An expression is represented in a postfix manner with both operands for
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3388 binary operators preceding the operator and the single operand for unary
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3389 operators preceding the operator.</P
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3390 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3391 ></DIV
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3392 ></BODY
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3393 ></HTML
83b7b4ce3bbd Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3394 >