annotate extra/README @ 445:9c6204534ab8

Improve diagnostic message from lwlink when an object isn't needed Thanks to Mark R V Murray <mark@grondar.org> for this improvement to the diagnostic message when a specified object is not required when linking.
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Mon, 27 Nov 2017 23:12:30 -0700
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1 These files are extra utility type scripts that can be used for various
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2 purposes.
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3
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4 as
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6 This is a sort of front-end script that makes lwasm look approximately like
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7 gnu as which is useful for using lwasm as a backend to gcc. You may need to
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8 edit it to make it work fully.
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9
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10 ld
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11
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12 Similar to the "as" script above except for lwlink.
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15 ar
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16
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17 Similar to the "as" script above except for lwar.
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18
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19 gcc6809lw-*.patch
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21 These are patches to the main gcc source distribution for specific releases.
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22 The last number after the dash is a patch level for the specific patch. It
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23 is worth noting that a patch for a particular minor version of GCC may work
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24 with later minor versions in the same release sequence. That is, a patch
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25 for 4.6.1 might work with 4.6.4. These are different to the official
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26 gcc6809 releases in the following ways. First, all the source for as-6809
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27 is removed. Also, the special "helper" makefile and directory is removed.
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28 Also, as of this writing, the latest "official" release was for gcc 4.3.4
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29 which does not build on 64 bit linux.
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31 In the event you have used the "official" gcc6809 with the default as6809
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32 assembler that comes with it, you should be aware that while lwasm is mostly
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33 compatible with it syntax wise, there are differences, particularly in
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34 pseudo operations and source line syntax (most notably that you must have
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35 whitespace preceeding assembler directives and instructions). You will
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36 likely not run into these unless you are using inline asm. Refer to the
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37 lwtools documentation for the specific line format required by lwasm.
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38
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39 It is worth noting that neither gcc6809 nor lwtools comes with a standard C
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40 library.
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41
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42 It is also worth noting that for many projects, it will be more flexible to
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43 invoke lwlink directly rather than using the ld script or gcc as a front
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44 end. See the lwtools documentation for details on using lwlink.
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46 To use these scripts, you really need to understand how to build a gcc as a
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47 cross compiler. The basics are that you put the as, ld, and ar scripts
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48 whereever you plan to put your cross-development binaries. Then, when
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49 building the cross compiler, you tell it where the scripts are.
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51 Please note that the following recipe is an example only. If you are
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52 planning to install multiple instances of gcc6809 for different targets, you
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53 will most certainly need to modify the steps below. Providing a complete
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54 understanding of building a gcc toolchain for cross compilation is well
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55 beyond the scope of this document.
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56
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57 The following works for a single installation.
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59 1. Install the ar, as, and ld scripts named m6809-unknown-{as,ar,ld} in a
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60 directory in your path, say /usr/local/coco/bin/.
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62 2. Make symbolic links to /bin/true for similarly named nm, objdump, ranlib,
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63 and strip in the same directory Some of these may not be necessary.
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64
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65 3. Unpack gcc and apply the gcc6809 patch. The gcc6809lw* patch file
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66 in this directory is known to work with these instructions.
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68 4. Make sure /usr/local/coco/bin is in your PATH
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70 5. Make sure "." is NOT in your path or is at the END of PATH. If you have
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71 gazillions of errors pop up compiling "gemodes.c", this is your problem.
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73 6. In a directory (other than the gcc source, say "gcc-build" at the same
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74 level as the main gcc directory, do (assuming gcc 4.3.4):
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75
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76 configure --enable-languages=c --target=m6809-unknown \
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77 --program-prefix=m6809-unknown- --enable-obsolete \
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78 --srcdir=../gcc-4.3.4 --disable-threads --disable-nls \
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79 --disable-libssp --prefix=/usr/local/coco \
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80 --with-as=/usr/local/coco/bin/m6809-unknown-as \
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81 --with-ld=/usr/local/coco/bin/m6809-unknown-ld \
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82 --with-ar=/usr/local/coco/bin/m6809-unknown-ar
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83
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84 NOTE: the last three are required to prevent selection of the wrong binutils
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85 programs at runtime.
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86
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87 --with-sysroot might be useful if you have a C library involved.
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88
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89 7. Run "make". If errors appear, troubleshoot.
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90
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91 8. Run "make install". Note that you will have to have your PATH variable
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92 for "root" set up correctly if your install prefix requires root privileges.
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93
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94 The above is WOMM certified. YMMV.
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95
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96 NOTES ABOUT SPECIFIC PATCHES
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97 ============================
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98
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99 Old gcc6809 patches have been removed to avoid confusion.
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101 The -6 patch fixes a code generation ICE. The previous -4 patch fixed a code
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102 generation error that could have a substantial impact. The -3 patch fixed
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103 some compatibilty with new lwtools versions. The -2 patch fixed a major set
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104 of ICEs by completely removing the "soft registers" business. They're
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105 apparently not needed with gcc 4.6.x at all and it's not clear they were
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106 even needed with gcc 4.3.x. They also had the side effect of causing things
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107 to break even if they weren't in use so they had to go. In other words, the
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108 -6 patch is the current best version to use so there's no point including
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109 the old ones.
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110