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Version 4.14
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Sun, 09 Apr 2017 00:14:00 -0600
parents fc166b3bbae3
children cad5937314cb
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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2 <HTML
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3 ><HEAD
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4 ><TITLE
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5 >Assembler Modes and Pragmas</TITLE
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6 ><META
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7 NAME="GENERATOR"
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
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9 REL="HOME"
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10 TITLE="LW Tool Chain"
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11 HREF="index.html"><LINK
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12 REL="UP"
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13 TITLE="LWASM"
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14 HREF="c62.html"><LINK
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15 REL="PREVIOUS"
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16 TITLE="Object Files and Sections"
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17 HREF="x595.html"><LINK
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18 REL="NEXT"
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19 TITLE="Convenience Instructions"
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20 HREF="x795.html"></HEAD
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21 ><BODY
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22 CLASS="SECTION"
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23 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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24 TEXT="#000000"
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25 LINK="#0000FF"
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26 VLINK="#840084"
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27 ALINK="#0000FF"
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28 ><DIV
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29 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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30 ><TABLE
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31 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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32 WIDTH="100%"
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33 BORDER="0"
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34 CELLPADDING="0"
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35 CELLSPACING="0"
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36 ><TR
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37 ><TH
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38 COLSPAN="3"
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39 ALIGN="center"
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40 >LW Tool Chain</TH
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41 ></TR
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42 ><TR
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43 ><TD
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44 WIDTH="10%"
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45 ALIGN="left"
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46 VALIGN="bottom"
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47 ><A
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48 HREF="x595.html"
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49 ACCESSKEY="P"
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50 >Prev</A
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51 ></TD
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52 ><TD
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53 WIDTH="80%"
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54 ALIGN="center"
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55 VALIGN="bottom"
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56 >Chapter 3. LWASM</TD
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57 ><TD
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58 WIDTH="10%"
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59 ALIGN="right"
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60 VALIGN="bottom"
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61 ><A
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62 HREF="x795.html"
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63 ACCESSKEY="N"
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64 >Next</A
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65 ></TD
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66 ></TR
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67 ></TABLE
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68 ><HR
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69 ALIGN="LEFT"
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70 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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71 ><DIV
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72 CLASS="SECTION"
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73 ><H1
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74 CLASS="SECTION"
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75 ><A
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76 NAME="AEN659"
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77 >3.10. Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A
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78 ></H1
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79 ><P
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80 >There are a number of options that affect the way assembly is performed.
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81 Some of these options can only be specified on the command line because
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82 they determine something absolute about the assembly process. These include
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83 such things as the output target. Other things may be switchable during
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84 the assembly process. These are known as pragmas and are, by definition,
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85 not portable between assemblers.</P
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86 ><P
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87 >LWASM supports a number of pragmas that affect code generation or
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88 otherwise affect the behaviour of the assembler. These may be specified by
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89 way of a command line option or by assembler directives. The directives
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90 are as follows.</P
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91 ><P
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92 ></P
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93 ><DIV
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94 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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95 ><DL
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96 ><DT
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97 >PRAGMA <CODE
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98 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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99 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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100 ></DT
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101 ><DD
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102 ><P
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103 >Specifies that the assembler should bring into force all <CODE
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104 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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105 >pragma</CODE
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106 >s
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107 specified. Any unrecognized pragma will cause an assembly error. The new
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108 pragmas will take effect immediately. This directive should be used when
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109 the program will assemble incorrectly if the pragma is ignored or not supported.</P
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110 ></DD
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111 ><DT
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112 >*PRAGMA <CODE
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113 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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114 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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115 ></DT
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116 ><DD
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117 ><P
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118 >This is identical to the PRAGMA directive except no error will occur with
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119 unrecognized or unsupported pragmas. This directive, by virtue of starting
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120 with a comment character, will also be ignored by assemblers that do not
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121 support this directive. Use this variation if the pragma is not required
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122 for correct functioning of the code.</P
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123 ></DD
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124 ><DT
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125 >*PRAGMAPUSH <CODE
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126 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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127 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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128 ></DT
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129 ><DD
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130 ><P
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131 >This directive saves the current state of the specified pragma(s) for later retrieval. See discussion below for more information.</P
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132 ><P
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133 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P
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134 ></DD
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135 ><DT
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136 >*PRAGMAPOP <CODE
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137 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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138 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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139 ></DT
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140 ><DD
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141 ><P
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142 >This directive restores the previously saved state of the specified pragma(s). See discussion below for more information.</P
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143 ><P
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144 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P
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145 ></DD
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146 ></DL
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147 ></DIV
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148 ><P
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149 >Each pragma supported has a positive version and a negative version.
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150 The positive version enables the pragma while the negative version disables
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151 it. The negatitve version is simply the positive version with "no" prefixed
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152 to it. For instance, "pragma" vs. "nopragma". When only one version is
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153 listed below, its opposite can be obtained by prepending "no" if it is not
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154 present or removing "no" from the beginning if it is present.</P
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155 ><P
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156 >Pragmas are not case sensitive.</P
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157 ><P
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158 ></P
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159 ><DIV
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160 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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161 ><DL
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162 ><DT
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163 >6800compat</DT
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164 ><DD
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165 ><P
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166 >When in force, this pragma enables recognition of various
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167 compatibility instructions useful when assembling 6800 code. These
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168 compatibility instructions are assembled into equivalent 6809 instructions.
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
169 This mode also includes several analogous instructions which are not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
170 strictly 6800 instructions but allow the similar style to be applied to 6809
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
171 specific features.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
172 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
173 >Technically, a compliant 6809 assembler must recognize these
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
174 instructions by default since Motorola advertised the 6809 as being source
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
175 compatible with the 6800. However, most source code does not require this
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
176 compatibility and LWASM itself did not support these instructions prior to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
177 version 4.11 so this mode is disabled by default.</P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
178 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
179 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
180 >6809</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
181 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
182 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
183 >This pragma allows you to mark a section of code as 6809-only. In ths mode,
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
184 the assembler will throw an error if any 6309 instructions are used.</P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
185 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
186 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
187 >6309</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
188 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
189 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
190 >This pragma enables the use of 6309 instructions and disables any 6809 specific
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
191 instructions. It also changes the cycle count listing output (if selected)
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
192 to display 6309 timings.</P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
193 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
194 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
195 >6809conv, 6309conv</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
196 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
197 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
198 >These pragmas enable convenience instructions extending the 6809 and 6309
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
199 instruction sets respectively. For more information, see
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
200 <A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
201 HREF="x795.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
202 >Section 3.11</A
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
203 >.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
204 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
205 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
206 >index0tonone</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
207 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
208 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
209 >When in force, this pragma enables an optimization affecting indexed addressing
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
210 modes. When the offset expression in an indexed mode evaluates to zero but is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
211 not explicity written as 0, this will replace the operand with the equivalent
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
212 no offset mode, thus creating slightly faster code. Because of the advantages
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
213 of this optimization, it is enabled by default.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
214 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
215 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
216 >cescapes</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
217 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
218 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
219 >This pragma will cause strings in the FCC, FCS, and FCN pseudo operations to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
220 have C-style escape sequences interpreted. The one departure from the official
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
221 spec is that unrecognized escape sequences will return either the character
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
222 immediately following the backslash or some undefined value. Do not rely
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
223 on the behaviour of undefined escape sequences.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
224 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
225 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
226 >importundefexport</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
227 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
228 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
229 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
230 in force, it will cause the EXPORT directive to act as IMPORT if the symbol
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
231 to be exported is not defined. This is provided for compatibility with the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
232 output of gcc6809 and should not be used in hand written code. Because of
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
233 the confusion this pragma can cause, it is disabled by default.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
234 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
235 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
236 >undefextern</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
237 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
238 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
239 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
240 force, if the assembler sees an undefined symbol on the second pass, it will
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
241 automatically define it as an external symbol. This automatic definition will
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
242 apply for the remainder of the assembly process, even if the pragma is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
243 subsequently turned off. Because this behaviour would be potentially surprising,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
244 this pragma defaults to off.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
245 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
246 >The primary use for this pragma is for projects that share a large number of
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
247 symbols between source files. In such cases, it is impractical to enumerate
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
248 all the external references in every source file. This allows the assembler
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
249 and linker to do the heavy lifting while not preventing a particular source
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
250 module from defining a local symbol of the same name as an external symbol
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
251 if it does not need the external symbol. (This pragma will not cause an
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
252 automatic external definition if there is already a locally defined symbol.)</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
253 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
254 >This pragma will often be specified on the command line for large projects.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
255 However, depending on the specific dynamics of the project, it may be sufficient
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
256 for one or two files to use this pragma internally.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
257 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
258 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
259 >export</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
260 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
261 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
262 >This pragma causes all symbols to be added to the export list
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
263 automatically. This is useful when a large number of symbols need to be
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
264 exported but you do not wish to include an EXPORT directive for all of them.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
265 This is often useful on the command line but might be useful even inline
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
266 with the PRAGMA directive if a large number of symbols in a row are to be
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
267 exported.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
268 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
269 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
270 >dollarlocal</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
271 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
272 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
273 >When set, a "$" in a symbol makes it local. When not set, "$" does not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
274 cause a symbol to be local. It is set by default except when using the OS9
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
275 target.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
276 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
277 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
278 >dollarnotlocal</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
279 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
280 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
281 > This is the same as the "dollarlocal" pragma except its sense is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
282 reversed. That is, "dollarlocal" and "nodollarnotlocal" are equivalent and
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
283 "nodollarlocal" and "dollarnotlocal" are equivalent. </P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
284 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
285 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
286 >pcaspcr</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
287 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
288 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
289 > Normally, LWASM makes a distinction between PC and PCR in program
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
290 counter relative addressing. In particular, the use of PC means an absolute
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
291 offset from PC while PCR causes the assembler to calculate the offset to the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
292 specified operand and use that as the offset from PC. By setting this
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
293 pragma, you can have PC treated the same as PCR. </P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
294 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
295 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
296 >shadow</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
297 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
298 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
299 >When this pragma is in effect, it becomes possible to define a macro
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
300 that matches an internal operation code. Thus, it makes it possible to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
301 redefine either CPU instructions or pseudo operations. Because this feature
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
302 is of dubious utility, it is disabled by default.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
303 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
304 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
305 >nolist</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
306 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
307 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
308 >Lines where this pragma is in effect will not appear in the assembly
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
309 listing. Also, any symbols defined under this pragma will not show up in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
310 the symbol list. This is most useful in include files to avoid spamming the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
311 assembly listing with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of irrelevant
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
312 symbols.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
313 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
314 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
315 >autobranchlength</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
316 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
317 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
318 >One of the perennial annoyances for 6809 programmers is that the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
319 mneumonics for the short and long branch instructions are different (bxx vs.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
320 lbxx), which is at odds with the rest of the instruction set. This pragma
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
321 is a solution to those annoying byte overflow errors that short branch
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
322 instructions tend to aquire.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
323 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
324 >When this pragma is in effect, which is not the default, whenever any
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
325 relative branch instruction is used, its size will be automatically
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
326 determined based on the actual distance to the destination. In other words,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
327 one can write code with long or short branches everywhere and the assembler
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
328 will choose a size for the branch.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
329 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
330 >Also, while this pragma is in effect, the &#62; and &#60; symbols can be used
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
331 to force the branch size, analogous to their use for other instructions with
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
332 &#60; forcing 8 bit offsets and &#62; forcing 16 bit offets.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
333 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
334 >Because this pragma leads to source that is incompatible with other
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
335 assemblers, it is strongly recommended that it be invoked using the PRAGMA
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
336 directive within the source code rather than on the command line or via the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
337 *PRAGMA directive. This way, an error will be raised if someone tries to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
338 assemble the code under a different assembler.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
339 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
340 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
341 >nosymbolcase, symbolnocase</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
342 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
343 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
344 >Any symbol defined while this pragma is in force will be treated as
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
345 case insensitive, regardless whether the pragma is in force when the symbol
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
346 is referenced.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
347 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
348 >It is important to note that this pragma will not work as expected in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
349 all cases when using the object file assembly target. It is intended for
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
350 use only when the assembler will be producing the final binary.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
351 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
352 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
353 >condundefzero</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
354 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
355 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
356 >This pragma will cause the assembler to change the way it handles
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
357 symbols in conditional expressions. Ordinarily, any symbol that is not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
358 defined prior to the conditional will throw an undefined symbol error. With
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
359 this pragma in effect, symbols that are not yet defined at the point the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
360 conditional is encountered will be treated as zero.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
361 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
362 >This is not the default because it encourages poor code design. One
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
363 should use the "IFDEF" or "IFNDEF" conditionals to test for the presence of
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
364 a symbol.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
365 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
366 >It is important to note that if a symbol is defined but it does not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
367 yet evaluate to a constant value at the point where the conditional appears,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
368 the assembler will still complain about a non constant condition.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
369 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
370 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
371 >forwardrefmax</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
372 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
373 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
374 >This pragma will disable forward reference optimization completely.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
375 Ordinarily, LWASM will attempt to select the shortest possible addressing
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
376 mode for forward references. However, in many source files, especially
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
377 those not using the PCR relative addressing modes, this optimization is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
378 pointless since the assembler will almost certainly settle on a 16 bit
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
379 offset or address. If all variables in the direct page are defined before
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
380 the main body of the code, the benefit of forward reference optimization
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
381 almost certainly vanishes completely. However, the cost of doing that
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
382 optimization remains and can result in a very long assembly time.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
383 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
384 >Enabling this pragma will cause all forward references to use the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
385 maximum offset or address size, much the same has EDTASM and other pure
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
386 two pass assemblers do. The side effect is that all line lengths and
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
387 symbol values are fully resolved after the initial parsing pass and the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
388 amount of work to resolve everything becomes almost nil.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
389 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
390 >While this pragma can be applied selectively to sections of source
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
391 code (use *PRAGMA if doing so and compatibility with other assemblers
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
392 is desired), it is likely more useful when provided as a command line
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
393 pragma.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
394 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
395 >It should be noted that the presence or absence of this pragma
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
396 will not change the correctness of the generated code unless cycle counts
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
397 or byte counts are critical (which they usually are not). It also will
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
398 not override the operand size override prefixes (&lt; and &gt;). It only
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
399 applies when the assembler is left to guess what the operand size is.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
400 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
401 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
402 >qrts</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
403 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
404 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
405 >&#13;Enables the use of the ?RTS branch target. ?RTS is implemented to maintain
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
406 compatibility with the MACRO-80c assembler. It works by searching backward
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
407 in the code for an RTS instruction. If none is found, it inverts the branch
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
408 logic and inserts an RTS following the branch instruction. Below you can
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
409 see how a BMI (2B xx) has been assembled as a BPL *+1 (2A 01) to skip over an
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
410 inserted RTS (39).</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
411 ><PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
412 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
413 >1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
414 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
415 1D24 BD1D65 JSR INV</PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
416 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
417 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
418 >m80ext</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
419 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
420 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
421 >&#13;This pragma (along with pragma qrts) enables some uncommon behaviors to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
422 accomodate The Micro Works MACRO-80c assembler from 1982. This assembler
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
423 was used by a number of notable TRS-80 Color Computer applications and the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
424 goal of this pragma is to allow them to build identical binaries from
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
425 unmodified, vintage source code.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
426 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
427 >&#13;In m80ext mode, the handling of the "END" pseudo-op changes when used inside
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
428 an include file. Instead of terminating all assembly, it merely stops
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
429 processing of the current include file (this behavior matches the original
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
430 Motorola 6809 assembler). In addition, loading an ASCII value with a single
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
431 quote (e.g., LDA #'N) is extended to 16-bit registers (e.g., LDD #'NO).
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
432 LWASM normally supports this via double quote and that is the proper use in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
433 modern code. Finally, the FCC pseudo-op is extended to handle FCB-like
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
434 behavior after the closing delimiter:</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
435 ><PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
436 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
437 > FCC "Greetings from 1982",13,0</PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
438 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
439 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
440 >testmode</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
441 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
442 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
443 >&#13;This pragma is intended for internal testing purposes. In testmode, the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
444 assembler searches for a specially-formatted comment starting with a
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
445 semicolon followed by a period. Immediately afterward are a list of hex
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
446 bytes that the assembler is expected to generate. Likewise, if the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
447 assembler is expected to throw an error or warning on a given line, you can
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
448 check by specifying "E:" followed by the error number. In this case the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
449 error is ignored and the assembler continues ignoring the line in question.&#13;</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
450 ><PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
451 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
452 >1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1 ;.7d1d1d
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
453 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS ;.2a0139
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
454 1D24 1D24 FDB * ;.1d24
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
455 1D26 xyz INV ;.E:32 (Error 32 is "Bad opcode")</PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
456 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
457 ></DL
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
458 ></DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
459 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
460 >As a convenience, each input file has a pragma state stack. This
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
461 allows, through the use of *PRAGMAPUSH and *PRAGMAPOP, a file to change a
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
462 pragma state and then restore it to the precise state it had previously.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
463 If, at the end of an input file, all pragma states have not been popped,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
464 they will be removed from the stack. Thus, it is critical to employ
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
465 *PRAGMAPOP correctly. Because each input file has its own pragma stack,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
466 using *PRAGMAPUSH in one file and *PRAGMAPOP in another file will not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
467 work.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
468 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
469 >Pragma stacks are more useful in include files, in particular in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
470 conjunction with the nolist pragma. One can push the state of the nolist
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
471 pragma, engage the nolist pragma, and then pop the state of the nolist
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
472 pragma at the end of the include file. This will cause the entire include
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
473 file to operate under the nolist pragma. However, if the file is included
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
474 while nolist is already engaged, it will not undo that state.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
475 ></DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
476 ><DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
477 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
478 ><HR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
479 ALIGN="LEFT"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
480 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
481 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
482 WIDTH="100%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
483 BORDER="0"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
484 CELLPADDING="0"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
485 CELLSPACING="0"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
486 ><TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
487 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
488 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
489 ALIGN="left"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
490 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
491 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
492 HREF="x595.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
493 ACCESSKEY="P"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
494 >Prev</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
495 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
496 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
497 WIDTH="34%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
498 ALIGN="center"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
499 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
500 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
501 HREF="index.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
502 ACCESSKEY="H"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
503 >Home</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
504 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
505 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
506 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
507 ALIGN="right"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
508 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
509 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
510 HREF="x795.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
511 ACCESSKEY="N"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
512 >Next</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
513 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
514 ></TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
515 ><TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
516 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
517 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
518 ALIGN="left"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
519 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
520 >Object Files and Sections</TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
521 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
522 WIDTH="34%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
523 ALIGN="center"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
524 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
525 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
526 HREF="c62.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
527 ACCESSKEY="U"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
528 >Up</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
529 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
530 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
531 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
532 ALIGN="right"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
533 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
534 >Convenience Instructions</TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
535 ></TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
536 ></TABLE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
537 ></DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
538 ></BODY
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
539 ></HTML
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
540 >