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Update to gcc6809lw patch which may help compilation of some sources Due to persistent random compiler crashes and errors related to "M_REGS", this patch update (4.6.4-2) essentially removes the varius constraints allowing the "soft registers" in most operations. It was causing more problems than it solved and it is not clear that the logic behind those soft registers even makes sense any more. This patch also fixes a bogus comparison related to selecting the right size for a constant. Instead of the excessively clever comparison scheme that was previously in use, the comparisons have been replaced with straight forward comparisions for the top and bottom of the relevant 2's complement ranges.
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Mon, 20 Jul 2015 22:32:41 -0600
parents fc166b3bbae3
children
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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2 <HTML
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3 ><HEAD
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4 ><TITLE
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5 >Macros</TITLE
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6 ><META
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7 NAME="GENERATOR"
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
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9 REL="HOME"
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10 TITLE="LW Tool Chain"
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11 HREF="index.html"><LINK
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12 REL="UP"
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13 TITLE="LWASM"
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14 HREF="c62.html"><LINK
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15 REL="PREVIOUS"
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16 TITLE="Assembler Directives"
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17 HREF="x250.html"><LINK
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18 REL="NEXT"
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19 TITLE="Structures"
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20 HREF="x574.html"></HEAD
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21 ><BODY
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22 CLASS="SECTION"
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23 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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24 TEXT="#000000"
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25 LINK="#0000FF"
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26 VLINK="#840084"
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27 ALINK="#0000FF"
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28 ><DIV
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29 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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30 ><TABLE
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31 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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32 WIDTH="100%"
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33 BORDER="0"
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34 CELLPADDING="0"
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35 CELLSPACING="0"
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36 ><TR
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37 ><TH
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38 COLSPAN="3"
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39 ALIGN="center"
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40 >LW Tool Chain</TH
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41 ></TR
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42 ><TR
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43 ><TD
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44 WIDTH="10%"
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45 ALIGN="left"
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46 VALIGN="bottom"
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47 ><A
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48 HREF="x250.html"
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49 ACCESSKEY="P"
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50 >Prev</A
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51 ></TD
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52 ><TD
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53 WIDTH="80%"
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54 ALIGN="center"
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55 VALIGN="bottom"
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56 >Chapter 3. LWASM</TD
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57 ><TD
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58 WIDTH="10%"
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59 ALIGN="right"
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60 VALIGN="bottom"
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61 ><A
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62 HREF="x574.html"
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63 ACCESSKEY="N"
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64 >Next</A
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65 ></TD
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66 ></TR
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67 ></TABLE
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68 ><HR
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69 ALIGN="LEFT"
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70 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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71 ><DIV
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72 CLASS="SECTION"
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73 ><H1
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74 CLASS="SECTION"
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75 ><A
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76 NAME="AEN551"
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77 >3.7. Macros</A
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78 ></H1
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79 ><P
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80 >LWASM is a macro assembler. A macro is simply a name that stands in for a
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81 series of instructions. Once a macro is defined, it is used like any other
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82 assembler directive. Defining a macro can be considered equivalent to adding
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83 additional assembler directives.</P
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84 ><P
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85 >Macros may accept parameters. These parameters are referenced within a
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86 macro by the a backslash ("\") followed by a digit 1 through 9 for the first
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87 through ninth parameters. They may also be referenced by enclosing the
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88 decimal parameter number in braces ("{num}"). The special expansion "\*"
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89 translates to the exact parameter string, including all parameters, passed
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90 to the macro. These parameter references are replaced with the verbatim text
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91 of the parameter passed to the macro. A reference to a non-existent
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92 parameter will be replaced by an empty string. Macro parameters are expanded
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93 everywhere on each source line. That means the parameter to a macro could be
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94 used as a symbol or it could even appear in a comment or could cause an
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95 entire source line to be commented out when the macro is expanded. </P
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96 ><P
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97 >Parameters passed to a macro are separated by commas and the parameter list
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98 is terminated by any whitespace. This means that neither a comma nor whitespace
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99 may be included in a macro parameter.</P
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100 ><P
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101 >Macro expansion is done recursively. That is, within a macro, macros are
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102 expanded. This can lead to infinite loops in macro expansion. If the assembler
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103 hangs for a long time while assembling a file that uses macros, this may be
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104 the reason.</P
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105 ><P
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106 >Each macro expansion receives its own local symbol context which is not
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107 inherited by any macros called by it nor is it inherited from the context
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108 the macro was instantiated in. That means it is possible to use local symbols
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109 within macros without having them collide with symbols in other macros or
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110 outside the macro itself. However, this also means that using a local symbol
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111 as a parameter to a macro, while legal, will not do what it would seem to do
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112 as it will result in looking up the local symbol in the macro's symbol context
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113 rather than the enclosing context where it came from, likely yielding either
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114 an undefined symbol error or bizarre assembly results.</P
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115 ><P
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116 >Note that there is no way to define a macro as local to a symbol context. All
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117 macros are part of the global macro namespace. However, macros have a separate
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118 namespace from symbols so it is possible to have a symbol with the same name
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119 as a macro.</P
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120 ><P
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121 >Macros are defined only during the first pass. Macro expansion also
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122 only occurs during the first pass. On the second pass, the macro
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123 definition is simply ignored. Macros must be defined before they are used.</P
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124 ><P
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125 >The following directives are used when defining macros.</P
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126 ><P
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127 ></P
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128 ><DIV
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129 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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130 ><DL
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131 ><DT
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132 ><CODE
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133 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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134 >macroname</CODE
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135 > MACRO [NOEXPAND]</DT
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136 ><DD
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137 ><P
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138 >This directive is used to being the definition of a macro called
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139 <CODE
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140 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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141 >macroname</CODE
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142 >. If <CODE
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143 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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144 >macroname</CODE
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145 > already
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146 exists, it is considered an error. Attempting to define a macro within a
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147 macro is undefined. It may work and it may not so the behaviour should not
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148 be relied upon.</P
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149 ><P
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150 >If NOEXPAND is specified, the macro will not be expanded in a program
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151 listing. Instead, all bytes emitted by all instructions within the macro
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152 will appear to be emitted on the line where the macro is invoked, starting
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153 at the address of the line of the invokation. If the macro uses ORG or other
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154 directives that define symbols or change the assembly address, these things
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155 will also be hidden (except in the symbol table) and the output bytes will
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156 appear with incorrect address attribution. Thus, NOEXPAND should only be
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157 used for macros that do not mess with the assembly address or otherwise
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158 define symbols that should be visible.</P
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159 ></DD
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160 ><DT
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161 >ENDM</DT
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162 ><DD
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163 ><P
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164 >This directive indicates the end of the macro currently being defined. It
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165 causes the assembler to resume interpreting source lines as normal.</P
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166 ></DD
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167 ></DL
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168 ></DIV
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169 ></DIV
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170 ><DIV
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171 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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172 ><HR
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173 ALIGN="LEFT"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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174 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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175 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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176 WIDTH="100%"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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177 BORDER="0"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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178 CELLPADDING="0"
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179 CELLSPACING="0"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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180 ><TR
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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181 ><TD
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182 WIDTH="33%"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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183 ALIGN="left"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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184 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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185 ><A
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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186 HREF="x250.html"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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187 ACCESSKEY="P"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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188 >Prev</A
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189 ></TD
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190 ><TD
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191 WIDTH="34%"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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192 ALIGN="center"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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193 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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194 ><A
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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195 HREF="index.html"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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196 ACCESSKEY="H"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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197 >Home</A
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198 ></TD
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199 ><TD
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200 WIDTH="33%"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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201 ALIGN="right"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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202 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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203 ><A
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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204 HREF="x574.html"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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205 ACCESSKEY="N"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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206 >Next</A
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207 ></TD
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208 ></TR
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209 ><TR
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210 ><TD
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211 WIDTH="33%"
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212 ALIGN="left"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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213 VALIGN="top"
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214 >Assembler Directives</TD
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215 ><TD
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216 WIDTH="34%"
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217 ALIGN="center"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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218 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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219 ><A
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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220 HREF="c62.html"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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221 ACCESSKEY="U"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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222 >Up</A
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223 ></TD
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224 ><TD
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225 WIDTH="33%"
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226 ALIGN="right"
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227 VALIGN="top"
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228 >Structures</TD
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229 ></TR
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230 ></TABLE
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231 ></DIV
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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232 ></BODY
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233 ></HTML
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234 >