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Update to gcc6809lw patch which may help compilation of some sources Due to persistent random compiler crashes and errors related to "M_REGS", this patch update (4.6.4-2) essentially removes the varius constraints allowing the "soft registers" in most operations. It was causing more problems than it solved and it is not clear that the logic behind those soft registers even makes sense any more. This patch also fixes a bogus comparison related to selecting the right size for a constant. Instead of the excessively clever comparison scheme that was previously in use, the comparisons have been replaced with straight forward comparisions for the top and bottom of the relevant 2's complement ranges.
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Mon, 20 Jul 2015 22:32:41 -0600
parents fc166b3bbae3
children cad5937314cb
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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2 <HTML
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3 ><HEAD
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4 ><TITLE
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5 >Assembler Modes and Pragmas</TITLE
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6 ><META
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7 NAME="GENERATOR"
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
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9 REL="HOME"
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10 TITLE="LW Tool Chain"
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11 HREF="index.html"><LINK
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12 REL="UP"
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13 TITLE="LWASM"
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14 HREF="c62.html"><LINK
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15 REL="PREVIOUS"
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16 TITLE="Object Files and Sections"
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17 HREF="x595.html"><LINK
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18 REL="NEXT"
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19 TITLE="Convenience Instructions"
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20 HREF="x795.html"></HEAD
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21 ><BODY
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22 CLASS="SECTION"
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23 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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24 TEXT="#000000"
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25 LINK="#0000FF"
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26 VLINK="#840084"
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27 ALINK="#0000FF"
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28 ><DIV
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29 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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30 ><TABLE
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31 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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32 WIDTH="100%"
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33 BORDER="0"
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34 CELLPADDING="0"
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35 CELLSPACING="0"
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36 ><TR
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37 ><TH
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38 COLSPAN="3"
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39 ALIGN="center"
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40 >LW Tool Chain</TH
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41 ></TR
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42 ><TR
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43 ><TD
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44 WIDTH="10%"
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45 ALIGN="left"
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46 VALIGN="bottom"
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47 ><A
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48 HREF="x595.html"
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49 ACCESSKEY="P"
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50 >Prev</A
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51 ></TD
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52 ><TD
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53 WIDTH="80%"
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54 ALIGN="center"
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55 VALIGN="bottom"
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56 >Chapter 3. LWASM</TD
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57 ><TD
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58 WIDTH="10%"
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59 ALIGN="right"
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60 VALIGN="bottom"
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61 ><A
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62 HREF="x795.html"
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63 ACCESSKEY="N"
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64 >Next</A
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65 ></TD
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66 ></TR
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67 ></TABLE
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68 ><HR
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69 ALIGN="LEFT"
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70 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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71 ><DIV
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72 CLASS="SECTION"
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73 ><H1
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74 CLASS="SECTION"
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75 ><A
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76 NAME="AEN659"
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77 >3.10. Assembler Modes and Pragmas</A
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78 ></H1
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79 ><P
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80 >There are a number of options that affect the way assembly is performed.
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81 Some of these options can only be specified on the command line because
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82 they determine something absolute about the assembly process. These include
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83 such things as the output target. Other things may be switchable during
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84 the assembly process. These are known as pragmas and are, by definition,
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85 not portable between assemblers.</P
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86 ><P
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87 >LWASM supports a number of pragmas that affect code generation or
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88 otherwise affect the behaviour of the assembler. These may be specified by
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89 way of a command line option or by assembler directives. The directives
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90 are as follows.</P
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91 ><P
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92 ></P
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93 ><DIV
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94 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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95 ><DL
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96 ><DT
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97 >PRAGMA <CODE
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98 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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99 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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100 ></DT
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101 ><DD
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102 ><P
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103 >Specifies that the assembler should bring into force all <CODE
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104 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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105 >pragma</CODE
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106 >s
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107 specified. Any unrecognized pragma will cause an assembly error. The new
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108 pragmas will take effect immediately. This directive should be used when
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109 the program will assemble incorrectly if the pragma is ignored or not supported.</P
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110 ></DD
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111 ><DT
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112 >*PRAGMA <CODE
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113 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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114 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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115 ></DT
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116 ><DD
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117 ><P
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118 >This is identical to the PRAGMA directive except no error will occur with
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119 unrecognized or unsupported pragmas. This directive, by virtue of starting
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120 with a comment character, will also be ignored by assemblers that do not
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121 support this directive. Use this variation if the pragma is not required
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122 for correct functioning of the code.</P
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123 ></DD
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124 ><DT
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125 >*PRAGMAPUSH <CODE
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126 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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127 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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128 ></DT
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129 ><DD
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130 ><P
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131 >This directive saves the current state of the specified pragma(s) for later retrieval. See discussion below for more information.</P
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132 ><P
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133 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P
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134 ></DD
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135 ><DT
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136 >*PRAGMAPOP <CODE
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137 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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138 >pragma[,...]</CODE
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139 ></DT
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140 ><DD
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141 ><P
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142 >This directive restores the previously saved state of the specified pragma(s). See discussion below for more information.</P
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143 ><P
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144 >This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</P
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145 ></DD
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146 ></DL
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147 ></DIV
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148 ><P
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149 >Each pragma supported has a positive version and a negative version.
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150 The positive version enables the pragma while the negative version disables
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151 it. The negatitve version is simply the positive version with "no" prefixed
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152 to it. For instance, "pragma" vs. "nopragma". When only one version is
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153 listed below, its opposite can be obtained by prepending "no" if it is not
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154 present or removing "no" from the beginning if it is present.</P
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155 ><P
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156 >Pragmas are not case sensitive.</P
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157 ><P
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158 ></P
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159 ><DIV
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160 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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161 ><DL
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162 ><DT
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163 >6800compat</DT
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164 ><DD
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165 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
166 >When in force, this pragma enables recognition of various
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
167 compatibility instructions useful when assembling 6800 code. These
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
168 compatibility instructions are assembled into equivalent 6809 instructions.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
169 This mode also includes several analogous instructions which are not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
170 strictly 6800 instructions but allow the similar style to be applied to 6809
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
171 specific features.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
172 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
173 >Technically, a compliant 6809 assembler must recognize these
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
174 instructions by default since Motorola advertised the 6809 as being source
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
175 compatible with the 6800. However, most source code does not require this
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
176 compatibility and LWASM itself did not support these instructions prior to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
177 version 4.11 so this mode is disabled by default.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
178 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
179 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
180 >6809</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
181 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
182 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
183 >This pragma allows you to mark a section of code as 6809-only. In ths mode,
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
184 the assembler will throw an error if any 6309 instructions are used.</P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
185 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
186 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
187 >6309</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
188 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
189 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
190 >This pragma enables the use of 6309 instructions and disables any 6809 specific
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
191 instructions. It also changes the cycle count listing output (if selected)
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
192 to display 6309 timings.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
193 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
194 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
195 >6809conv, 6309conv</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
196 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
197 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
198 >These pragmas enable convenience instructions extending the 6809 and 6309
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
199 instruction sets respectively. For more information, see
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
200 <A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
201 HREF="x795.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
202 >Section 3.11</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
203 >.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
204 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
205 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
206 >index0tonone</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
207 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
208 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
209 >When in force, this pragma enables an optimization affecting indexed addressing
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
210 modes. When the offset expression in an indexed mode evaluates to zero but is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
211 not explicity written as 0, this will replace the operand with the equivalent
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
212 no offset mode, thus creating slightly faster code. Because of the advantages
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
213 of this optimization, it is enabled by default.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
214 ></DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
215 ><DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
216 >cescapes</DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
217 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
218 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
219 >This pragma will cause strings in the FCC, FCS, and FCN pseudo operations to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
220 have C-style escape sequences interpreted. The one departure from the official
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
221 spec is that unrecognized escape sequences will return either the character
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
222 immediately following the backslash or some undefined value. Do not rely
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
223 on the behaviour of undefined escape sequences.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
224 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
225 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
226 >importundefexport</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
227 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
228 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
229 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
230 in force, it will cause the EXPORT directive to act as IMPORT if the symbol
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
231 to be exported is not defined. This is provided for compatibility with the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
232 output of gcc6809 and should not be used in hand written code. Because of
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
233 the confusion this pragma can cause, it is disabled by default.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
234 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
235 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
236 >undefextern</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
237 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
238 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
239 >This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
240 force, if the assembler sees an undefined symbol on the second pass, it will
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
241 automatically define it as an external symbol. This automatic definition will
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
242 apply for the remainder of the assembly process, even if the pragma is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
243 subsequently turned off. Because this behaviour would be potentially surprising,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
244 this pragma defaults to off.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
245 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
246 >The primary use for this pragma is for projects that share a large number of
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
247 symbols between source files. In such cases, it is impractical to enumerate
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
248 all the external references in every source file. This allows the assembler
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
249 and linker to do the heavy lifting while not preventing a particular source
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
250 module from defining a local symbol of the same name as an external symbol
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
251 if it does not need the external symbol. (This pragma will not cause an
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
252 automatic external definition if there is already a locally defined symbol.)</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
253 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
254 >This pragma will often be specified on the command line for large projects.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
255 However, depending on the specific dynamics of the project, it may be sufficient
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
256 for one or two files to use this pragma internally.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
257 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
258 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
259 >export</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
260 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
261 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
262 >This pragma causes all symbols to be added to the export list
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
263 automatically. This is useful when a large number of symbols need to be
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
264 exported but you do not wish to include an EXPORT directive for all of them.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
265 This is often useful on the command line but might be useful even inline
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
266 with the PRAGMA directive if a large number of symbols in a row are to be
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
267 exported.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
268 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
269 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
270 >dollarlocal</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
271 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
272 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
273 >When set, a "$" in a symbol makes it local. When not set, "$" does not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
274 cause a symbol to be local. It is set by default except when using the OS9
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
275 target.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
276 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
277 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
278 >dollarnotlocal</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
279 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
280 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
281 > This is the same as the "dollarlocal" pragma except its sense is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
282 reversed. That is, "dollarlocal" and "nodollarnotlocal" are equivalent and
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
283 "nodollarlocal" and "dollarnotlocal" are equivalent. </P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
284 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
285 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
286 >pcaspcr</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
287 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
288 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
289 > Normally, LWASM makes a distinction between PC and PCR in program
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
290 counter relative addressing. In particular, the use of PC means an absolute
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
291 offset from PC while PCR causes the assembler to calculate the offset to the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
292 specified operand and use that as the offset from PC. By setting this
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
293 pragma, you can have PC treated the same as PCR. </P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
294 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
295 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
296 >shadow</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
297 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
298 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
299 >When this pragma is in effect, it becomes possible to define a macro
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
300 that matches an internal operation code. Thus, it makes it possible to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
301 redefine either CPU instructions or pseudo operations. Because this feature
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
302 is of dubious utility, it is disabled by default.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
303 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
304 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
305 >nolist</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
306 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
307 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
308 >Lines where this pragma is in effect will not appear in the assembly
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
309 listing. Also, any symbols defined under this pragma will not show up in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
310 the symbol list. This is most useful in include files to avoid spamming the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
311 assembly listing with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of irrelevant
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
312 symbols.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
313 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
314 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
315 >autobranchlength</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
316 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
317 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
318 >One of the perennial annoyances for 6809 programmers is that the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
319 mneumonics for the short and long branch instructions are different (bxx vs.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
320 lbxx), which is at odds with the rest of the instruction set. This pragma
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
321 is a solution to those annoying byte overflow errors that short branch
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
322 instructions tend to aquire.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
323 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
324 >When this pragma is in effect, which is not the default, whenever any
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
325 relative branch instruction is used, its size will be automatically
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
326 determined based on the actual distance to the destination. In other words,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
327 one can write code with long or short branches everywhere and the assembler
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
328 will choose a size for the branch.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
329 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
330 >Also, while this pragma is in effect, the &#62; and &#60; symbols can be used
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
331 to force the branch size, analogous to their use for other instructions with
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
332 &#60; forcing 8 bit offsets and &#62; forcing 16 bit offets.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
333 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
334 >Because this pragma leads to source that is incompatible with other
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
335 assemblers, it is strongly recommended that it be invoked using the PRAGMA
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
336 directive within the source code rather than on the command line or via the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
337 *PRAGMA directive. This way, an error will be raised if someone tries to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
338 assemble the code under a different assembler.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
339 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
340 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
341 >nosymbolcase, symbolnocase</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
342 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
343 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
344 >Any symbol defined while this pragma is in force will be treated as
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
345 case insensitive, regardless whether the pragma is in force when the symbol
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
346 is referenced.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
347 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
348 >It is important to note that this pragma will not work as expected in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
349 all cases when using the object file assembly target. It is intended for
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
350 use only when the assembler will be producing the final binary.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
351 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
352 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
353 >condundefzero</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
354 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
355 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
356 >This pragma will cause the assembler to change the way it handles
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
357 symbols in conditional expressions. Ordinarily, any symbol that is not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
358 defined prior to the conditional will throw an undefined symbol error. With
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
359 this pragma in effect, symbols that are not yet defined at the point the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
360 conditional is encountered will be treated as zero.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
361 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
362 >This is not the default because it encourages poor code design. One
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
363 should use the "IFDEF" or "IFNDEF" conditionals to test for the presence of
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
364 a symbol.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
365 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
366 >It is important to note that if a symbol is defined but it does not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
367 yet evaluate to a constant value at the point where the conditional appears,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
368 the assembler will still complain about a non constant condition.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
369 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
370 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
371 >forwardrefmax</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
372 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
373 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
374 >This pragma will disable forward reference optimization completely.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
375 Ordinarily, LWASM will attempt to select the shortest possible addressing
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
376 mode for forward references. However, in many source files, especially
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
377 those not using the PCR relative addressing modes, this optimization is
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
378 pointless since the assembler will almost certainly settle on a 16 bit
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
379 offset or address. If all variables in the direct page are defined before
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
380 the main body of the code, the benefit of forward reference optimization
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
381 almost certainly vanishes completely. However, the cost of doing that
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
382 optimization remains and can result in a very long assembly time.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
383 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
384 >Enabling this pragma will cause all forward references to use the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
385 maximum offset or address size, much the same has EDTASM and other pure
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
386 two pass assemblers do. The side effect is that all line lengths and
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
387 symbol values are fully resolved after the initial parsing pass and the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
388 amount of work to resolve everything becomes almost nil.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
389 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
390 >While this pragma can be applied selectively to sections of source
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
391 code (use *PRAGMA if doing so and compatibility with other assemblers
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
392 is desired), it is likely more useful when provided as a command line
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
393 pragma.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
394 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
395 >It should be noted that the presence or absence of this pragma
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
396 will not change the correctness of the generated code unless cycle counts
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
397 or byte counts are critical (which they usually are not). It also will
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
398 not override the operand size override prefixes (&lt; and &gt;). It only
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
399 applies when the assembler is left to guess what the operand size is.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
400 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
401 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
402 >qrts</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
403 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
404 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
405 >&#13;Enables the use of the ?RTS branch target. ?RTS is implemented to maintain
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
406 compatibility with the MACRO-80c assembler. It works by searching backward
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
407 in the code for an RTS instruction. If none is found, it inverts the branch
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
408 logic and inserts an RTS following the branch instruction. Below you can
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
409 see how a BMI (2B xx) has been assembled as a BPL *+1 (2A 01) to skip over an
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
410 inserted RTS (39).</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
411 ><PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
412 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
413 >1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
414 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
415 1D24 BD1D65 JSR INV</PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
416 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
417 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
418 >m80ext</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
419 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
420 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
421 >&#13;This pragma (along with pragma qrts) enables some uncommon behaviors to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
422 accomodate The Micro Works MACRO-80c assembler from 1982. This assembler
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
423 was used by a number of notable TRS-80 Color Computer applications and the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
424 goal of this pragma is to allow them to build identical binaries from
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
425 unmodified, vintage source code.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
426 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
427 >&#13;In m80ext mode, the handling of the "END" pseudo-op changes when used inside
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
428 an include file. Instead of terminating all assembly, it merely stops
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
429 processing of the current include file (this behavior matches the original
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
430 Motorola 6809 assembler). In addition, loading an ASCII value with a single
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
431 quote (e.g., LDA #'N) is extended to 16-bit registers (e.g., LDD #'NO).
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
432 LWASM normally supports this via double quote and that is the proper use in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
433 modern code. Finally, the FCC pseudo-op is extended to handle FCB-like
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
434 behavior after the closing delimiter:</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
435 ><PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
436 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
437 > FCC "Greetings from 1982",13,0</PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
438 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
439 ><DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
440 >testmode</DT
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
441 ><DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
442 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
443 >&#13;This pragma is intended for internal testing purposes. In testmode, the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
444 assembler searches for a specially-formatted comment starting with a
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
445 semicolon followed by a period. Immediately afterward are a list of hex
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
446 bytes that the assembler is expected to generate. Likewise, if the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
447 assembler is expected to throw an error or warning on a given line, you can
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
448 check by specifying "E:" followed by the error number. In this case the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
449 error is ignored and the assembler continues ignoring the line in question.&#13;</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
450 ><PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
451 CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
452 >1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1 ;.7d1d1d
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
453 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS ;.2a0139
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
454 1D24 1D24 FDB * ;.1d24
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
455 1D26 xyz INV ;.E:32 (Error 32 is "Bad opcode")</PRE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
456 ></DD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
457 ></DL
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
458 ></DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
459 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
460 >As a convenience, each input file has a pragma state stack. This
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
461 allows, through the use of *PRAGMAPUSH and *PRAGMAPOP, a file to change a
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
462 pragma state and then restore it to the precise state it had previously.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
463 If, at the end of an input file, all pragma states have not been popped,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
464 they will be removed from the stack. Thus, it is critical to employ
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
465 *PRAGMAPOP correctly. Because each input file has its own pragma stack,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
466 using *PRAGMAPUSH in one file and *PRAGMAPOP in another file will not
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
467 work.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
468 ><P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
469 >Pragma stacks are more useful in include files, in particular in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
470 conjunction with the nolist pragma. One can push the state of the nolist
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
471 pragma, engage the nolist pragma, and then pop the state of the nolist
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
472 pragma at the end of the include file. This will cause the entire include
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
473 file to operate under the nolist pragma. However, if the file is included
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
474 while nolist is already engaged, it will not undo that state.</P
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
475 ></DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
476 ><DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
477 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
478 ><HR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
479 ALIGN="LEFT"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
480 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
481 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
482 WIDTH="100%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
483 BORDER="0"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
484 CELLPADDING="0"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
485 CELLSPACING="0"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
486 ><TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
487 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
488 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
489 ALIGN="left"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
490 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
491 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
492 HREF="x595.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
493 ACCESSKEY="P"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
494 >Prev</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
495 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
496 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
497 WIDTH="34%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
498 ALIGN="center"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
499 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
500 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
501 HREF="index.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
502 ACCESSKEY="H"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
503 >Home</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
504 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
505 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
506 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
507 ALIGN="right"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
508 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
509 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
510 HREF="x795.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
511 ACCESSKEY="N"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
512 >Next</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
513 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
514 ></TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
515 ><TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
516 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
517 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
518 ALIGN="left"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
519 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
520 >Object Files and Sections</TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
521 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
522 WIDTH="34%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
523 ALIGN="center"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
524 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
525 ><A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
526 HREF="c62.html"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
527 ACCESSKEY="U"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
528 >Up</A
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
529 ></TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
530 ><TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
531 WIDTH="33%"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
532 ALIGN="right"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
533 VALIGN="top"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
534 >Convenience Instructions</TD
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
535 ></TR
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
536 ></TABLE
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
537 ></DIV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
538 ></BODY
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
539 ></HTML
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents:
diff changeset
540 >