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annotate docs/manual/x852.html @ 241:d0e9dbe9afbe

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Add new heuristic for resolving instruction sizes. Add new heuristic for resolving instruction sizes. This applies to the the decision between extended and base page addressing by calculating the range of possible addresses (if reasonably knowable) and deciding on whether to force extended addressing based on that. (If the whole range is outside the direct page, extended addressing is required.)
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Sun, 23 Sep 2012 13:06:43 -0600
parents ce1fdc8d6568
children
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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2 <HTML
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3 ><HEAD
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4 ><TITLE
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5 >Format Specific Linking Notes</TITLE
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6 ><META
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7 NAME="GENERATOR"
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
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9 REL="HOME"
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10 TITLE="LW Tool Chain"
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11 HREF="index.html"><LINK
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12 REL="UP"
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13 TITLE="LWLINK"
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14 HREF="c681.html"><LINK
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15 REL="PREVIOUS"
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16 TITLE="Linking Scripts"
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17 HREF="x795.html"><LINK
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18 REL="NEXT"
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19 TITLE="Libraries and LWAR"
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20 HREF="c867.html"></HEAD
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21 ><BODY
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22 CLASS="SECTION"
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23 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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24 TEXT="#000000"
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25 LINK="#0000FF"
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26 VLINK="#840084"
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27 ALINK="#0000FF"
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28 ><DIV
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29 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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30 ><TABLE
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31 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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32 WIDTH="100%"
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33 BORDER="0"
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34 CELLPADDING="0"
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35 CELLSPACING="0"
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36 ><TR
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37 ><TH
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38 COLSPAN="3"
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39 ALIGN="center"
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40 >LW Tool Chain</TH
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41 ></TR
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42 ><TR
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43 ><TD
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44 WIDTH="10%"
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45 ALIGN="left"
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46 VALIGN="bottom"
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47 ><A
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48 HREF="x795.html"
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49 ACCESSKEY="P"
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50 >Prev</A
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51 ></TD
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52 ><TD
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53 WIDTH="80%"
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54 ALIGN="center"
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55 VALIGN="bottom"
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56 >Chapter 4. LWLINK</TD
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57 ><TD
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58 WIDTH="10%"
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59 ALIGN="right"
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60 VALIGN="bottom"
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61 ><A
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62 HREF="c867.html"
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63 ACCESSKEY="N"
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64 >Next</A
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65 ></TD
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66 ></TR
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67 ></TABLE
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68 ><HR
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69 ALIGN="LEFT"
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70 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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71 ><DIV
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72 CLASS="SECTION"
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73 ><H1
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74 CLASS="SECTION"
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75 ><A
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76 NAME="AEN852"
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77 >4.4. Format Specific Linking Notes</A
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78 ></H1
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79 ><P
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80 >Some formats require special information to be able to generate actual
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81 binaries. If the specific format you are interested in is not listed in
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82 this section, then there is nothing special you need to know about to create
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83 a final binary.</P
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84 ><DIV
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85 CLASS="SECTION"
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86 ><H2
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87 CLASS="SECTION"
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88 ><A
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89 NAME="AEN855"
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90 >4.4.1. OS9 Modules</A
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91 ></H2
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92 ><P
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93 >OS9 modules need to embed several items into the module header. These
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94 items are the type of module, the langauge of the module, the module
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95 attributes, the module revision number, the data size (bss), and the
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96 execution offset. These are all either calculated or default to reasonable
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97 values.</P
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98 ><P
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99 >The data size is calcuated as the sum of all sections named "bss" or
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100 ".bss" in all object files that are linked together.</P
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101 ><P
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102 >The execution offset is calculated from the address of the special
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103 symbol "__start" which must be an exported (external) symbol in one of the
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104 objects to be linked.</P
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105 ><P
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106 >The type defaults to "Prgrm" or "Program module". The language
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107 defaults to "Objct" or "6809 object code". Attributes default to enabling
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108 the re-entrant flag. And finally, the revision defaults to zero.</P
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109 ><P
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110 >The embedded module name is the output filename. If the output
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111 filename includes more than just the filename, this will probably not be
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112 what you want.</P
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113 ><P
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114 >The type, language, attributes, revision, and module name can all be
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115 overridden by providing a special section in exactly one of the object files
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116 to be linked. This section is called "__os9" (note the two underscores).
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117 To override the type, language, attributes, or revision values, define a
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118 non-exported symbol in this section called "type", "lang", "attr", or "rev"
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119 respectively. Any other symbols defined are ignored. To override the
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120 module name, include as the only actual code in the section a NUL terminated
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121 string (the FCN directive is useful for this). If there is no code in the
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122 section or it beings with a NUL, the default name will be used. Any of the
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123 preceeding that are not defined in the special section will retain their
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124 default values.</P
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125 ><P
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126 >The built-in link script for OS9 modules will place the following
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127 sections, in order, in the module: "code", ".text", "data", ".data". It
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128 will merge all sections with the name "bss" or ".bss" into the "data"
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129 section. All other section names are ignored. What this means is that you
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130 must define your data variables in the a section called "bss" or ".bss" even
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131 though you will be refencing them all as offsets from U. This does have the
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132 unpleasant side effect that all BSS references will end up being 16 bit
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133 offsets because the assembler cannot know what the offset will be once the
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134 linker is finished its work. Thus, if the tightest possible code is
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135 required, having LWASM directly output the module is a better choice.</P
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136 ><P
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137 >While the built-in link script is probably sufficient for most
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138 purposes, you can provide your own script. If you provide a custom link
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139 script, you must start your code and data sections at location 000D to
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140 accommodate the module header. Otherwise, you will have an incorrect
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141 location for the execution offset. You must use the ENTRY directive in the
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142 script to define the entry point for the module.</P
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143 ><P
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144 >It should also be obvious from the above that you cannot mix the bss
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145 (rmb) definitions with the module code when linking separately. Those
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146 familiar with typical module creation will probably find this an unpleasant
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147 difference but it is unavoidable.</P
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148 ><P
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149 >It should also be noted that direct page references should also be
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150 avoided because you cannot know ahead of time whether the linker is going to
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151 end up putting a particular variable in the first 256 bytes of the module's
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152 data space. If, however, you know for certain you will have less than 256
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153 bytes of defined data space across all of the object files that will be
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154 linked, you can instead use forced DP addressing for your data addresses
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155 instead of the ,u notation. When linking with 3rd party libraries, this
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156 practice should be avoided. Also, when creating libraries, always use the
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157 offset from U technique.</P
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158 ></DIV
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159 ></DIV
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160 ><DIV
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161 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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162 ><HR
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163 ALIGN="LEFT"
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164 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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165 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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166 WIDTH="100%"
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167 BORDER="0"
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168 CELLPADDING="0"
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169 CELLSPACING="0"
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170 ><TR
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171 ><TD
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172 WIDTH="33%"
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173 ALIGN="left"
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174 VALIGN="top"
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175 ><A
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176 HREF="x795.html"
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177 ACCESSKEY="P"
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178 >Prev</A
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179 ></TD
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180 ><TD
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181 WIDTH="34%"
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182 ALIGN="center"
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183 VALIGN="top"
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184 ><A
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185 HREF="index.html"
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186 ACCESSKEY="H"
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187 >Home</A
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188 ></TD
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189 ><TD
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190 WIDTH="33%"
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191 ALIGN="right"
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192 VALIGN="top"
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193 ><A
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194 HREF="c867.html"
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195 ACCESSKEY="N"
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196 >Next</A
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197 ></TD
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198 ></TR
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199 ><TR
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200 ><TD
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201 WIDTH="33%"
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202 ALIGN="left"
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203 VALIGN="top"
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204 >Linking Scripts</TD
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205 ><TD
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206 WIDTH="34%"
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207 ALIGN="center"
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208 VALIGN="top"
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209 ><A
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210 HREF="c681.html"
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211 ACCESSKEY="U"
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212 >Up</A
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213 ></TD
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214 ><TD
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215 WIDTH="33%"
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216 ALIGN="right"
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217 VALIGN="top"
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218 >Libraries and LWAR</TD
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219 ></TR
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220 ></TABLE
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221 ></DIV
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222 ></BODY
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223 ></HTML
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224 >