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Added section base and length symbols to lwlink Added the ability for a link script to define section base and section length symbols when linking. These symbols are searched for when an external reference is resolved before looking up any symbols in the various objects being linked. Also documented the new link script directives and added such directives to all default link scripts.
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Fri, 10 Aug 2012 23:47:56 -0600
parents 2cc599f1bebf
children ce1fdc8d6568
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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2 <HTML
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3 ><HEAD
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4 ><TITLE
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5 >Linking Scripts</TITLE
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6 ><META
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7 NAME="GENERATOR"
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
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9 REL="HOME"
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10 TITLE="LW Tool Chain"
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11 HREF="index.html"><LINK
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12 REL="UP"
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13 TITLE="LWLINK"
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14 HREF="c681.html"><LINK
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15 REL="PREVIOUS"
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16 TITLE="Linker Operation"
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17 HREF="x781.html"><LINK
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18 REL="NEXT"
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19 TITLE="Format Specific Linking Notes"
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20 HREF="x843.html"></HEAD
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21 ><BODY
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22 CLASS="SECTION"
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23 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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24 TEXT="#000000"
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25 LINK="#0000FF"
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26 VLINK="#840084"
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27 ALINK="#0000FF"
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28 ><DIV
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29 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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30 ><TABLE
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31 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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32 WIDTH="100%"
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33 BORDER="0"
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34 CELLPADDING="0"
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35 CELLSPACING="0"
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36 ><TR
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37 ><TH
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38 COLSPAN="3"
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39 ALIGN="center"
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40 >LW Tool Chain</TH
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41 ></TR
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42 ><TR
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43 ><TD
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44 WIDTH="10%"
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45 ALIGN="left"
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46 VALIGN="bottom"
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47 ><A
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48 HREF="x781.html"
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49 ACCESSKEY="P"
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50 >Prev</A
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51 ></TD
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52 ><TD
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53 WIDTH="80%"
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54 ALIGN="center"
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55 VALIGN="bottom"
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56 >Chapter 4. LWLINK</TD
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57 ><TD
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58 WIDTH="10%"
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59 ALIGN="right"
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60 VALIGN="bottom"
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61 ><A
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62 HREF="x843.html"
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63 ACCESSKEY="N"
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64 >Next</A
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65 ></TD
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66 ></TR
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67 ></TABLE
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68 ><HR
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69 ALIGN="LEFT"
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70 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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71 ><DIV
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72 CLASS="SECTION"
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73 ><H1
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74 CLASS="SECTION"
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75 ><A
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76 NAME="AEN795"
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77 >4.3. Linking Scripts</A
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78 ></H1
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79 ><P
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80 >A linker script is used to instruct the linker about how to assemble the
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81 various sections into a completed binary. It consists of a series of
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82 directives which are considered in the order they are encountered.</P
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83 ><P
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84 >The sections will appear in the resulting binary in the order they are
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85 specified in the script file. If a referenced section is not found, the linker will behave as though the
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86 section did exist but had a zero size, no relocations, and no exports.
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87 A section should only be referenced once. Any subsequent references will have
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88 an undefined effect.</P
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89 ><P
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90 >All numbers are in linking scripts are specified in hexadecimal. All directives
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91 are case sensitive although the hexadecimal numbers are not.</P
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92 ><P
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93 >A section name can be specified as a "*", then any section not
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94 already matched by the script will be matched. The "*" can be followed
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95 by a comma and a flag to narrow the section down slightly, also.
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96 If the flag is "!bss", then any section that is not flagged as a bss section
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97 will be matched. If the flag is "bss", then any section that is flagged as
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98 bss will be matched.</P
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99 ><P
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100 >The following directives are understood in a linker script.</P
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101 ><P
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102 ></P
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103 ><DIV
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104 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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105 ><DL
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106 ><DT
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107 >define basesympat <CODE
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108 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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109 >string</CODE
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110 ></DT
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111 ><DD
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112 ><P
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113 >&#13;This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate base address of
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114 each section using the pattern specified by <CODE
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115 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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116 >string</CODE
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117 >.
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118 In the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the
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119 section name. The base address is calculated after all instances of each
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120 section have been collapsed together.&#13;</P
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121 ><P
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122 > If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple
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123 sections, the results are undefined.&#13;</P
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124 ></DD
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125 ><DT
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126 >define lensympat <CODE
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127 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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128 >string</CODE
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129 ></DT
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130 ><DD
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131 ><P
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132 >&#13;This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate length of each
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133 section using the pattern specified by <CODE
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134 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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135 >string</CODE
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136 >. In
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137 the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the section
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138 name. The length is calculated after all instances of a section have been
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139 collapsed together.&#13;</P
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140 ><P
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141 >If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple
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142 sections, the results are undefined.&#13;</P
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143 ></DD
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144 ><DT
231
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145 >section <CODE
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146 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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147 >name</CODE
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148 > load <CODE
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149 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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150 >addr</CODE
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151 ></DT
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152 ><DD
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153 ><P
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154 >&#13;This causes the section <CODE
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155 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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156 >name</CODE
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157 > to load at
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158 <CODE
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159 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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160 >addr</CODE
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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161 >. For the raw target, only one "load at" entry is
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162 allowed for non-bss sections and it must be the first one. For raw targets,
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163 it affects the addresses the linker assigns to symbols but has no other
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164 affect on the output. bss sections may all have separate load addresses but
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165 since they will not appear in the binary anyway, this is okay.</P
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166 ><P
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167 >For the decb target, each "load" entry will cause a new "block" to be
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168 output to the binary which will contain the load address. It is legal for
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169 sections to overlap in this manner - the linker assumes the loader will sort
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170 everything out.</P
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171 ></DD
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172 ><DT
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173 >section <CODE
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174 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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175 >name</CODE
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176 ></DT
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177 ><DD
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178 ><P
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179 >&#13;This will cause the section <CODE
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180 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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181 >name</CODE
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182 > to load after the previously listed
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183 section.</P
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184 ></DD
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185 ><DT
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186 >entry <CODE
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187 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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188 >addr or sym</CODE
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189 ></DT
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190 ><DD
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191 ><P
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192 >This will cause the execution address (entry point) to be the address
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193 specified (in hex) or the specified symbol name. The symbol name must
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194 match a symbol that is exported by one of the object files being linked.
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195 This has no effect for targets that do not encode the entry point into the
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196 resulting file. If not specified, the entry point is assumed to be address 0
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197 which is probably not what you want. The default link scripts for targets
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198 that support this directive automatically starts at the beginning of the
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199 first section (usually "init" or "code") that is emitted in the binary.</P
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200 ></DD
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201 ><DT
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202 >pad <CODE
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203 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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204 >size</CODE
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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205 ></DT
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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206 ><DD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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207 ><P
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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208 >This will cause the output file to be padded with NUL bytes to be exactly
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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209 <CODE
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210 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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211 >size</CODE
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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212 > bytes in length. This only makes sense for a raw target.</P
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213 ></DD
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214 ></DL
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215 ></DIV
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216 ></DIV
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217 ><DIV
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218 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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219 ><HR
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220 ALIGN="LEFT"
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221 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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222 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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223 WIDTH="100%"
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224 BORDER="0"
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225 CELLPADDING="0"
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226 CELLSPACING="0"
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227 ><TR
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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228 ><TD
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229 WIDTH="33%"
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230 ALIGN="left"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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231 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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232 ><A
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233 HREF="x781.html"
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234 ACCESSKEY="P"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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235 >Prev</A
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236 ></TD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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237 ><TD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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238 WIDTH="34%"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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239 ALIGN="center"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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240 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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241 ><A
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242 HREF="index.html"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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243 ACCESSKEY="H"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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244 >Home</A
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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245 ></TD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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246 ><TD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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247 WIDTH="33%"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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248 ALIGN="right"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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249 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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250 ><A
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
251 HREF="x843.html"
231
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252 ACCESSKEY="N"
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253 >Next</A
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254 ></TD
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255 ></TR
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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256 ><TR
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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257 ><TD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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258 WIDTH="33%"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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259 ALIGN="left"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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260 VALIGN="top"
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261 >Linker Operation</TD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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262 ><TD
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263 WIDTH="34%"
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264 ALIGN="center"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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265 VALIGN="top"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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266 ><A
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267 HREF="c681.html"
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268 ACCESSKEY="U"
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269 >Up</A
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270 ></TD
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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271 ><TD
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272 WIDTH="33%"
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273 ALIGN="right"
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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274 VALIGN="top"
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275 >Format Specific Linking Notes</TD
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276 ></TR
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277 ></TABLE
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278 ></DIV
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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279 ></BODY
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280 ></HTML
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281 >