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Fix off by one handling MOD directive optional arguments Fixes an off by one in handling the optional arguments to the MOD directive as of changeset 928c033c0cd0. Thanks to Alex Evans <varmfskii@gmail.com> for reporting the problem and a suggested fix. This fix is different but should be more stable should the rest of the parsing code be refactored in the future.
author William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
date Fri, 22 Sep 2023 12:15:09 -0600
parents f12c767c363e
children 8c6c3363e18e
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1 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN">
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2 <book>
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3 <bookinfo>
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4 <title>LW Tool Chain</title>
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5 <author><firstname>William</firstname><surname>Astle</surname></author>
324
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6 <author><firstname>LWTools Contributors</firstname><surname></surname></author>
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b530ff19f7c0 Update copyright years for manual
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7 <copyright><year>2009-2021</year><holder>William Astle and LWTools contributors</holder></copyright>
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8 </bookinfo>
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9 <chapter>
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10
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11 <title>Introduction</title>
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12
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13 <para>
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14 The LW tool chain provides utilities for building binaries for MC6809 and
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15 HD6309 CPUs. The tool chain includes a cross-assembler and a cross-linker
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16 which support several styles of output.
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17 </para>
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18
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19 <section>
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20 <title>History</title>
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21 <para>
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22 For a long time, I have had an interest in creating an operating system for
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23 the Coco3. I finally started working on that project around the beginning of
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24 2006. I had a number of assemblers I could choose from. Eventually, I settled
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25 on one and started tinkering. After a while, I realized that assembler was not
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26 going to be sufficient due to lack of macros and issues with forward references.
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27 Then I tried another which handled forward references correctly but still did
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28 not support macros. I looked around at other assemblers and they all lacked
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29 one feature or another that I really wanted for creating my operating system.
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30 </para>
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31
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32 <para>
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33 The solution seemed clear at that point. I am a fair programmer so I figured
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34 I could write an assembler that would do everything I wanted an assembler to
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35 do. Thus the LWASM probject was born. After more than two years of on and off
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36 work, version 1.0 of LWASM was released in October of 2008.
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37 </para>
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38
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39 <para>
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40 As the aforementioned operating system project progressed further, it became
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41 clear that while assembling the whole project through a single file was doable,
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42 it was not practical. When I found myself playing some fancy games with macros
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43 in a bid to simulate sections, I realized I needed a means of assembling
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44 source files separately and linking them later. This spawned a major development
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45 effort to add an object file support to LWASM. It also spawned the LWLINK
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46 project to provide a means to actually link the files.
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47 </para>
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48
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49 </section>
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50
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51 </chapter>
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52
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53 <chapter>
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54 <title>Output Formats</title>
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55
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56 <para>
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57 The LW tool chain supports multiple output formats. Each format has its
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58 advantages and disadvantages. Each format is described below.
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59 </para>
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60
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61 <section>
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62 <title>Raw Binaries</title>
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63 <para>
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64 A raw binary is simply a string of bytes. There are no headers or other
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65 niceties. Both LWLINK and LWASM support generating raw binaries. ORG directives
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66 in the source code only serve to set the addresses that will be used for
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67 symbols but otherwise have no direct impact on the resulting binary.
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68 </para>
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69
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70 </section>
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71 <section>
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72 <title>DECB Binaries</title>
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73
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74 <para>A DECB binary is compatible with the LOADM command in Disk Extended
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75 Color Basic on the CoCo. They are also compatible with CLOADM from Extended
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76 Color Basic. These binaries include the load address of the binary as well
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77 as encoding an execution address. These binaries may contain multiple loadable
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78 sections, each of which has its own load address.</para>
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79
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80 <para>
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81 Each binary starts with a preamble. Each preamble is five bytes long. The
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82 first byte is zero. The next two bytes specify the number of bytes to load
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83 and the last two bytes specify the address to load the bytes at. Then, a
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84 string of bytes follows. After this string of bytes, there may be another
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85 preamble or a postamble. A postamble is also five bytes in length. The first
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86 byte of the postamble is $FF, the next two are zero, and the last two are
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87 the execution address for the binary.
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88 </para>
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89
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90 <para>
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91 Both LWASM and LWLINK can output this format.
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92 </para>
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93 </section>
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94
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95 <section>
324
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96 <title>ASCII Hexadecimal</title>
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97
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98 <para>
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99 This human-readable ASCII hexadecimal format consists of CR+LF terminated
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100 lines of ASCII text. Each line has the following structure: a zero-padded
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101 four-digit ASCII hex address, a colon separator, and one or more zero-padded
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102 two-digit hex values separated by commas. ASCII Hexadecimal format favors
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103 paragraph-aligned addresses (i.e. a least significant address nybble value
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104 of zero). During output, the number of hex values on each line are adjusted
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105 to align the address of the next line on a paragraph boundary. The sequence
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106 of addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal file directly follows that of the source
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107 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence
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108 addresses in the ASCII Hexadecimal output.
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109 </para>
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110
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111 <para>
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112 LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.
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113 </para>
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114 </section>
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115
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116 <section>
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117 <title>Motorola S-Record</title>
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118
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119 <para>
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120 This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII
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121 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character
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122 "S", an ASCII record type digit (0-9), a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a
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123 four-digit ASCII hex address, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data
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124 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only S0,
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125 S1, S5 and S9 record types. S1 records are limited to maximum of 16 data bytes
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126 in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The address
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127 sequence of the S-Records directly follows that of the source file; multiple
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128 ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence addresses in
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129 the S-Record output.
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130 </para>
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131
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132 <para>
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133 Motorola S-Record format is a standard ASCII format accepted by most memory
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134 device programming equipment. It is particularly useful when the assembled
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135 code output is destined to reside within an EPROM or Flash memory device,
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136 for example.
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137 </para>
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138
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139 <para>
345
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140 LWASM can output this format since version 4.10. LWLINK can output this format
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141 since version 4.11.
324
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142 </para>
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143 </section>
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144
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145 <section>
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146 <title>Intel Hex</title>
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147
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148 <para>
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149 This ASCII format consists of a series of CR+LF terminated "records" of ASCII
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150 text. Each record has the following structure: a start-of-record character
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151 ":", a two-digit ASCII hex byte count, a four-digit ASCII hex address, a two-
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152 digit ASCII hex record type, an optional sequence of two-digit ASCII hex data
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153 values, and a two-digit ASCII hex checksum. The LW tool chain issues only 00,
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154 and 01 Intel Hex record types. Data records are limited to maximum of 16
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155 data bytes in length, and paragraph alignment of addresses is favored. The
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156 address sequence of the Intel hex records directly follows that of the source
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157 file; multiple ORG directives in the source code may result in out-of-sequence
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158 addresses in the Intel Hex output.
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159 </para>
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160
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161 <para>
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162 Intel Hex format is the other standard ASCII format accepted by most memory
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163 device programming equipment, it and the Motorola S-Record format are used for
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164 similar purposes.
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165 </para>
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166
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167 <para>
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168 LWASM can output this format since version 4.10.
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169 </para>
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170 </section>
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171
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172 <section>
0
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173 <title>OS9 Modules</title>
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174 <para>
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175
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176 Since version 2.5, LWASM is able to generate OS9 modules. The syntax is
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177 basically the same as for other assemblers. A module starts with the MOD
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178 directive and ends with the EMOD directive. The OS9 directive is provided
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179 as a shortcut for writing system calls.
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180
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181 </para>
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182
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183 <para>
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184
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185 LWASM does NOT provide an OS9Defs file. You must provide your own. Also note
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186 that the common practice of using "ifp1" around the inclusion of the OS9Defs
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187 file is discouraged as it is pointless and can lead to unintentional
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188 problems and phasing errors. Because LWASM reads each file exactly once,
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189 there is no benefit to restricting the inclusion to the first assembly pass.
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190
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191 </para>
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192
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193 <para>
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194
143
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195 As of version 4.5, LWASM also implements the standard data/code address
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196 streams for OS9 modules. That means that between MOD and EMOD, any RMB,
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197 RMD, RMQ, or equivalent directives will move the data address ahead and
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198 leave the code address unmodified. Outside of an actual module, both the
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199 code and data addresses are moved ahead equally. That last bit is critical
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200 to understand because it means any directives that follow an EMOD directive
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201 may have different results than other assemblers.
0
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202
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203 </para>
143
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204 <para>
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205
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206 Additionally, within a module body, the ORG directive sets only the data
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207 address, not the code address. However, outside a module body, ORG sets both
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208 addresses.
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209
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210 </para>
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211
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212 <para>
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213 Both code and data addresses are reset to 0 by the MOD directive.
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214 </para>
0
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215
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216 <para>
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217
152
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218 As of version 4.5, LWLINK also supports creation of OS9 modules.
0
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219
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220 </para>
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221 </section>
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222
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223 <section>
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224 <title>Object Files</title>
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225 <para>LWASM supports generating a proprietary object file format which is
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226 described in <xref linkend="objchap">. LWLINK is then used to link these
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227 object files into a final binary in any of LWLINK's supported binary
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228 formats.</para>
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229
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230 <para>Object files also support the concept of sections which are not valid
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231 for other output types. This allows related code from each object file
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232 linked to be collapsed together in the final binary.</para>
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233
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234 <para>
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235 Object files are very flexible in that they allow references that are not
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236 known at assembly time to be resolved at link time. However, because the
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237 addresses of such references are not known at assembly time, there is no way
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238 for the assembler to deduce that an eight bit addressing mode is possible.
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239 That means the assember will default to using sixteen bit addressing
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240 whenever an external or cross-section reference is used.
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241 </para>
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242
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243 <para>
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244 As of LWASM 2.4, it is possible to force direct page addressing for an
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245 external reference. Care must be taken to ensure the resulting addresses
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246 are really in the direct page since the linker does not know what the direct
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247 page is supposed to be and does not emit errors for byte overflows.
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248 </para>
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249
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250 <para>
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251 It is also possible to use external references in an eight bit immediate
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252 mode instruction. In this case, only the low order eight bits will be used.
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253 Again, no byte overflows will be flagged.
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254 </para>
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255
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256
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257 </section>
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258
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259 </chapter>
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260
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261 <chapter>
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262 <title>LWASM</title>
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263 <para>
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264 The LWTOOLS assembler is called LWASM. This chapter documents the various
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265 features of the assembler. It is not, however, a tutorial on 6x09 assembly
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266 language programming.
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267 </para>
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268
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269 <section>
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270 <title>Command Line Options</title>
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271 <para>
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272 The binary for LWASM is called "lwasm". Note that the binary is in lower
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273 case. lwasm takes the following command line arguments.
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274 </para>
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275
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276 <variablelist>
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277
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278 <varlistentry>
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279 <term><option>--6309</option></term>
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280 <term><option>-3</option></term>
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281 <listitem>
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282 <para>
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283 This will cause the assembler to accept the additional instructions available
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284 on the 6309 processor. This is the default mode; this option is provided for
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285 completeness and to override preset command arguments.
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286 </para>
394
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287 <para>
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288 This option is the same as if the first line of the source code is "PRAGMA 6309".
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289 </para>
0
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290 </listitem>
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291 </varlistentry>
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292
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293 <varlistentry>
333
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294 <term><option>--6800compat</option></term>
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295 <listitem>
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296 <para>
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297 This is equivalent to <option>--pragma=6800compat</option>.</para>
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298 <para>This will enable recognition of 6800 compatibility instructions.</para>
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299 </listitem>
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300 </varlistentry>
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301
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302 <varlistentry>
0
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303 <term><option>--6809</option></term>
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304 <term><option>-9</option></term>
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305 <listitem>
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306 <para>
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307 This will cause the assembler to reject instructions that are only available
394
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308 on the 6309 processor. This actually has the effect of starting the assembler
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309 as though the first line of the source is "PRAGMA 6809".
0
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310 </para>
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311 </listitem>
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312 </varlistentry>
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313
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314 <varlistentry>
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315 <term><option>--decb</option></term>
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316 <term><option>-b</option></term>
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317 <listitem>
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318 <para>
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319 Select the DECB output format target. Equivalent to <option>--format=decb</option>.
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320 </para>
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321 <para>While this is the default output format currently, it is not safe to rely
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322 on that fact. Future versions may have different defaults. It is also trivial
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323 to modify the source code to change the default. Thus, it is recommended to specify
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324 this option if you need DECB output.
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325 </listitem>
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326 </varlistentry>
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327
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328 <varlistentry>
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329 <term><option>--format=type</option></term>
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330 <term><option>-f type</option></term>
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331 <listitem>
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332 <para>
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333 Select the output format. Valid values are <option>obj</option> for the
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334 object file target, <option>decb</option> for the DECB LOADM format,
324
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335 <option>os9</option> for creating OS9 modules, <option>raw</option> for
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336 a raw binary, <option>hex</option> for ASCII hexadecminal format,
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337 <option>srec</option> for Motorola S-Record format, and <option>ihex</option>
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338 for Intel Hex format.
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339 </para>
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340 </listitem>
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341 </varlistentry>
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342
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343 <varlistentry>
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344 <term><option>--list[=file]</option></term>
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345 <term><option>-l[file]</option></term>
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346 <listitem>
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347 <para>
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348 Cause LWASM to generate a listing. If <option>file</option> is specified,
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349 the listing will go to that file. Otherwise it will go to the standard output
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350 stream. By default, no listing is generated. Unless <option>--symbols</option>
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351 is specified, the list will not include the symbol table.
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352 </para>
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353 </listitem>
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354 </varlistentry>
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355
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356 <varlistentry>
488
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357 <term><option>--symbol-dump[=file]</option></term>
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358 <listitem>
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359 <para>
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360 Cause LWASM to output the global symbol table in assembly source format. If
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361 <option>file</option> is specified, the table output will go to the specified
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362 file. Otherwise, it will go to the standard output stream. Local symbols will
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363 not be included. Incomplete symbols will be defined to zero with a comment
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364 indicating incompleteness. Symbols defined with SET will also be listed using
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365 SET in the symbol dump. However, if the symbol is defined multiple times, the
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366 order of the definitions in the dump file is undefined.
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367 </para>
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368 </listitem>
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369 </varlistentry>
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370
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371 <varlistentry>
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372 <term><option>--symbols</option></term>
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373 <term><option>-s</option></term>
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374 <listitem>
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375 <para>
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376 Causes LWASM to generate a list of symbols when generating a listing.
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377 It has no effect unless a listing is being generated.
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378 </para>
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379 </listitem>
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380 </varlistentry>
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381
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382 <varlistentry>
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383 <term><option>--symbols-nolocals</option></term>
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384 <listitem>
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385 <para>
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386 Behaves just like <option>--symbols</option> but with local labels omitted.
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387 </para>
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388 </listitem>
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389 </varlistentry>
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390
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391 <varlistentry>
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392 <term><option>--map=FILE</option></term>
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393 <listitem>
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394 <para>
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395
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396 This option generates a map file which can be used by debuggers and monitors to provide symbol information. A map file may be created independent of a listing file. (Patches are pending for MAME and exec09.)
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397
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398 </para>
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399 </listitem>
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400 </varlistentry>
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401
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402 <varlistentry>
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403 <term><option>--obj</option></term>
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404 <listitem>
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405 <para>
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406 Select the proprietary object file format as the output target.
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407 </para>
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408 </listitem>
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409 </varlistentry>
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410
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411 <varlistentry>
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412 <term><option>--output=FILE</option></term>
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413 <term><option>-o FILE</option></term>
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414 <listitem>
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415 <para>
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416 This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the
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417 default is <option>a.out</option>.
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418 </para>
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419 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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420 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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421
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
422 <varlistentry>
488
94bbdb2890b7 Update documentation for new options
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 472
diff changeset
423 <term><option>--no-output</option></term>
94bbdb2890b7 Update documentation for new options
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 472
diff changeset
424 <listitem>
94bbdb2890b7 Update documentation for new options
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 472
diff changeset
425 <para>Do assembly as usual but suppress generation of the output file.</para>
94bbdb2890b7 Update documentation for new options
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 472
diff changeset
426 </listitem>
94bbdb2890b7 Update documentation for new options
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 472
diff changeset
427 </varlistentry>
94bbdb2890b7 Update documentation for new options
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 472
diff changeset
428
94bbdb2890b7 Update documentation for new options
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 472
diff changeset
429 <varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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430 <term><option>--pragma=pragma</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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431 <term><option>-p pragma</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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432 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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433 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
434 Specify assembler pragmas. Multiple pragmas are separated by commas. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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parents:
diff changeset
435 pragmas accepted are the same as for the PRAGMA assembler directive described
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
436 below.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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437 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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438 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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439 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
440
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
441 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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diff changeset
442 <term><option>--raw</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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443 <term><option>-r</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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444 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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445 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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446 Select raw binary as the output target.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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447 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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448 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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449 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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450
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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451 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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452 <term><option>--includedir=path</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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453 <term><option>-I path</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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454 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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455 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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456 Add <option>path</option> to the end of the include path.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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457 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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458 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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459 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
460
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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461 <varlistentry>
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
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462 <term><option>--define=SYM[=VAL]</option></term>
245
0bc1c88fe776 Fix typo in documentation of lwasm --define switch.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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463 <term><option>-D SYM[=VAL]</option></term>
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
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diff changeset
464 <listitem>
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
diff changeset
465 <para>
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
diff changeset
466 Pre-defines the symbol SYM as either the specified VAL. If VAL is omitted,
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
467 the symbol is defined as 1. The symbol will be defined as though it were
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
468 defined using the SET directive in the assembly source. That means it can
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
469 be overridden by a SET directive within the source code. Attempting to
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
470 redefine SYM using EQU will result in a multiply defined symbol error.
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
diff changeset
471 </para>
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
diff changeset
472 </listitem>
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
diff changeset
473 </varlistentry>
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
474
394
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
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diff changeset
475 <varlistentry>
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
476 <term><option>-t WIDTH</option></term>
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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477 <term><option>--tabs=WIDTH</option></term>
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William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
478 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
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diff changeset
479 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
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diff changeset
480 Specifies the handling of tabs in listing files. <option>--tabs=0</option>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
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diff changeset
481 disables tab expansion. <option>--tabs=8</option> is the default setting.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
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diff changeset
482 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
483 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
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diff changeset
484 </varlistentry>
231
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
diff changeset
485
2cc599f1bebf Added --define to lwasm documentation.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 210
diff changeset
486 <varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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487 <term><option>--help</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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488 <term><option>-?</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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489 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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490 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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491 Present a help screen describing the command line options.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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492 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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493 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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494 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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495
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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496 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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497 <term><option>--usage</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
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498 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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499 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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500 Provide a summary of the command line options.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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501 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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502 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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503 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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504
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
505 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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506 <term><option>--version</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
507 <term><option>-V</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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508 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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509 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
510 Display the software version.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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511 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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512 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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513 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
514
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
515 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
516 <term><option>--debug</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
517 <term><option>-d</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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518 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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519 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
520 Increase the debugging level. Only really useful to people hacking on the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
521 LWASM source code itself.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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522 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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523 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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524 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
525
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
526 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
527
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
528 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
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529
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
530 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
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diff changeset
531 <title>Dialects</title>
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
532
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
533 <para> LWASM supports all documented MC6809 instructions as defined by
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
534 Motorola. By default, this does not include any MC6800 compatibility
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
535 instructions. As of LWASM 4.11, those compatibility instructions can be
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
536 enabled using the <parameter>--6800compat</parameter> option or the
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
537 <parameter>6800compat</parameter> pragma. It also supports all known HD6309
544
f12c767c363e Fix typo in manual.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 533
diff changeset
538 instructions. While there is general agreement on the mnemonics for most
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
539 of the 6309 instructions, there is some variance with the block transfer
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
540 instructions. TFM for all four variations seems to have gained the most
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
541 traction and, thus, this is the form that is recommended for LWASM.
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
542 However, it also supports COPY, COPY-, IMP, EXP, TFRP, TFRM, TFRS, and TFRR.
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
543 It further adds COPY+ as a synomym for COPY, IMPLODE for IMP, and EXPAND for
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
544 EXP. </para>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
545
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
546 <para>By default, LWASM accepts 6309 instructions. However, using the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
547 <parameter>--6809</parameter> parameter, you can cause it to throw errors on
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
548 6309 instructions instead.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
549
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
550 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
551 The standard addressing mode specifiers are supported. These are the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
552 hash sign ("#") for immediate mode, the less than sign ("&lt;") for forced
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
553 eight bit modes, and the greater than sign ("&gt;") for forced sixteen bit modes.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
554 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
555
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
556 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
557 Additionally, LWASM supports using the asterisk ("*") to indicate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
558 base page addressing. This should not be used in hand-written source code,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
559 however, because it is non-standard and may or may not be present in future
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
560 versions of LWASM.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
561 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
562
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
563 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
564
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
565 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
566 <title>Source Format</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
567
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
568 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
569 LWASM accepts plain text files in a relatively free form. It can handle
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
570 lines terminated with CR, LF, CRLF, or LFCR which means it should be able
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
571 to assemble files on any platform on which it compiles.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
572 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
573 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
574 Each line may start with a symbol. If a symbol is present, there must not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
575 be any whitespace preceding it. It is legal for a line to contain nothing
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
576 but a symbol.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
577 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
578 The op code is separated from the symbol by whitespace. If there is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
579 no symbol, there must be at least one white space character preceding it.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
580 If applicable, the operand follows separated by whitespace. Following the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
581 opcode and operand is an optional comment.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
582 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
583
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
584 <para> It is important to note that operands cannot contain any whitespace
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
585 except in the case of delimited strings. This is because the first
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
586 whitespace character will be interpreted as the separator between the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
587 operand column and the comment. This behaviour is required for approximate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
588 source compatibility with other 6x09 assemblers. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
589
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
590 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
591 A comment can also be introduced with a * or a ;. The comment character is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
592 optional for end of statement comments. However, if a symbol is the only
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
593 thing present on the line other than the comment, the comment character is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
594 mandatory to prevent the assembler from interpreting the comment as an opcode.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
595 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
596
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
597 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
598 For compatibility with the output generated by some C preprocessors, LWASM
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
599 will also ignore lines that begin with a #. This should not be used as a general
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
600 comment character, however.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
601 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
602
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
603 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
604 The opcode is not treated case sensitively. Neither are register names in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
605 the operand fields. Symbols, however, are case sensitive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
606 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
607
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
608 <para> As of version 2.6, LWASM supports files with line numbers. If line
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
609 numbers are present, the line must start with a digit. The line number
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
610 itself must consist only of digits. The line number must then be followed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
611 by either the end of the line or exactly one white space character. After
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
612 that white space character, the lines are interpreted exactly as above.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
613 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
614
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
615 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
616
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
617 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
618 <title>Symbols</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
619
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
620 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
621 Symbols have no length restriction. They may contain letters, numbers, dots,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
622 dollar signs, and underscores. They must start with a letter, dot, or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
623 underscore.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
624 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
625
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
626 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
627 LWASM also supports the concept of a local symbol. A local symbol is one
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
628 which contains either a "?" or a "@", which can appear anywhere in the symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
629 The scope of a local symbol is determined by a number of factors. First,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
630 each included file gets its own local symbol scope. A blank line will also
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
631 be considered a local scope barrier. Macros each have their own local symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
632 scope as well (which has a side effect that you cannot use a local symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
633 as an argument to a macro). There are other factors as well. In general,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
634 a local symbol is restricted to the block of code it is defined within.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
635 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
636
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
637 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
638 By default, unless assembling to the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
639 also make it local. This can be controlled by the "dollarlocal" and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
640 "nodollarlocal" pragmas. In the absence of a pragma to the contrary, for
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
641 the os9 target, a "$" in the symbol will not make it considered local while
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
642 for all other targets it will.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
643 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
644
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
645 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
646
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
647 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
648 <title>Numbers and Expressions</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
649 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
650
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
651 Numbers can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal. Binary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
652 numbers may be prefixed with a "%" symbol or suffixed with a "b" or "B".
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
653 Octal numbers may be prefixed with "@" or suffixed with "Q", "q", "O", or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
654 "o". Hexadecimal numbers may be prefixed with "$", "0x" or "0X", or suffixed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
655 with "H". No prefix or suffix is required for decimal numbers but they can
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
656 be prefixed with "&amp;" if desired. Any constant which begins with a letter
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
657 must be expressed with the correct prefix base identifier or be prefixed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
658 with a 0. Thus hexadecimal FF would have to be written either 0FFH or $FF.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
659 Numbers are not case sensitive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
660
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
661 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
662
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
663 <para> A symbol may appear at any point where a number is acceptable. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
664 special symbol "*" can be used to represent the starting address of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
665 current source line within expressions. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
666
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
667 <para>The ASCII value of a character can be included by prefixing it with a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
668 single quote ('). The ASCII values of two characters can be included by
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
669 prefixing the characters with a quote (").</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
670
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
671 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
672
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
673 LWASM supports the following basic binary operators: +, -, *, /, and %.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
674 These represent addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
675 modulus. It also supports unary negation and unary 1's complement (- and ^
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
676 respectively). It is also possible to use ~ for the unary 1's complement
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
677 operator. For completeness, a unary positive (+) is supported though it is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
678 a no-op. LWASM also supports using |, &, and ^ for bitwise or, bitwise and,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
679 and bitwise exclusive or respectively.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
680
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
681 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
682
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
683 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
684
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
685 Operator precedence follows the usual rules. Multiplication, division, and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
686 modulus take precedence over addition and subtraction. Unary operators take
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
687 precedence over binary operators. Bitwise operators are lower precdence
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
688 than addition and subtraction. To force a specific order of evaluation,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
689 parentheses can be used in the usual manner.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
690
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
691 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
692
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
693 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
694
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
695 As of LWASM 2.5, the operators && and || are recognized for boolean and and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
696 boolean or respectively. They will return either 0 or 1 (false or true).
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
697 They have the lowest precedence of all the binary operators.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
698
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
699 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
700
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
701 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
702
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
703 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
704 <title>Assembler Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
705 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
706 Various directives can be used to control the behaviour of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
707 assembler or to include non-code/data in the resulting output. Those directives
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
708 that are not described in detail in other sections of this document are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
709 described below.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
710 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
711
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
712 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
713 <title>Data Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
714 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
715 <varlistentry><term>FCB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
716 <term>.DB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
717 <term>.BYTE <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
718 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
719 <para>Include one or more constant bytes (separated by commas) in the output.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
720 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
721 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
722
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
723 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
724 <term>FDB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
725 <term>.DW <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
726 <term>.WORD <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
727 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
728 <para>Include one or more words (separated by commas) in the output.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
729 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
730 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
731
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
732 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
733 <term>FQB <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
734 <term>.QUAD <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
735 <term>.4BYTE <parameter>expr[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
736 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
737 <para>Include one or more double words (separated by commas) in the output.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
738 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
739 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
740
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
741 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
742 <term>FCC <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
743 <term>.ASCII <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
744 <term>.STR <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
745 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
746 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
747 Include a string of text in the output. The first character of the operand
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
748 is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and cannot appear
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
749 within the string. The string is included with no modifications>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
750 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
751 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
752 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
753
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
754 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
755 <term>FCN <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
756 <term>.ASCIZ <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
757 <term>.STRZ <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
758 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
759 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
760 Include a NUL terminated string of text in the output. The first character of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
761 the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last character and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
762 cannot appear within the string. A NUL byte is automatically appended to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
763 the string.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
764 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
765 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
766 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
767
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
768 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
769 <term>FCS <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
770 <term>.ASCIS <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
771 <term>.STRS <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
772 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
773 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
774 Include a string of text in the output with bit 7 of the final byte set. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
775 first character of the operand is the delimiter which must appear as the last
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
776 character and cannot appear within the string.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
777 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
778 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
779 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
780
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
781 <varlistentry><term>ZMB <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
782 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
783 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
784 Include a number of NUL bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
785 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
786 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
787 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
788 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
789
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
790 <varlistentry><term>ZMD <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
791 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
792 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
793 Include a number of zero words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
794 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
795 permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
796 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
797 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
798 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
799
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
800 <varlistentry><term>ZMQ <parameter>expr<parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
801 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
802 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
803 Include a number of zero double-words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
804 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
805 permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
806 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
807 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
808 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
809
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
810 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
811 <term>RMB <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
812 <term>.BLKB <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
813 <term>.DS <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
814 <term>.RS <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
815 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
816 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
817 Reserve a number of bytes in the output. The number must be fully resolvable
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
818 during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
819 The value of the bytes is undefined.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
820 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
821 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
822 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
823
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
824 <varlistentry><term>RMD <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
825 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
826 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
827 Reserve a number of words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
828 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
829 permitted. The value of the words is undefined.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
830 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
831 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
832 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
833
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
834 <varlistentry><term>RMQ <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
835 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
836 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
837 Reserve a number of double-words in the output. The number must be fully
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
838 resolvable during pass 1 of assembly so no forward or external references are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
839 permitted. The value of the double-words is undefined.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
840 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
841 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
842 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
843
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
844 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
845 <term>INCLUDEBIN <parameter>filename</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
846 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
847 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
848 Treat the contents of <parameter>filename</parameter> as a string of bytes to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
849 be included literally at the current assembly point. This has the same effect
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
850 as converting the file contents to a series of FCB statements and including
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
851 those at the current assembly point.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
852 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
853
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
854 <para> If <parameter>filename</parameter> beings with a /, the file name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
855 will be taken as absolute. Otherwise, the current directory will be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
856 searched followed by the search path in the order specified.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
857
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
858 <para> Please note that absolute path detection including drive letters will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
859 not function correctly on Windows platforms. Non-absolute inclusion will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
860 work, however.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
861
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
862 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
863 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
864
254
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
865 <varlistentry>
450
6b19418c465c Correct documentation of FILL pseudo op
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 440
diff changeset
866 <term>FILL <parameter>byte</parameter>,<parameter>size</parameter></term>
254
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
867 <listitem>
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
868
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
869 <para>
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
870 Insert <parameter>size</parameter> bytes of <parameter>byte</parameter>.
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
871 </para>
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
872
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
873 </listitem>
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
874 </varlistentry>
155799f6cfa5 Add documentation for the FILL pseudo operation
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 253
diff changeset
875
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
876 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
877
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
878 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
879
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
880 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
881 <title>Address Definition</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
882 <para>The directives in this section all control the addresses of symbols
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
883 or the assembly process itself.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
884
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
885 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
886 <varlistentry><term>ORG <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
887 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
888 <para>Set the assembly address. The address must be fully resolvable on the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
889 first pass so no external or forward references are permitted. ORG is not
324
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
890 permitted within sections when outputting to object files. For target formats
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
891 that include address information (decb, hex, srec, and ihex), an ORG
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
892 directive will re-start the address sequence within the output. When using
b30091890d62 Add documentation of the new hex output formats.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 316
diff changeset
893 the raw target format, ORG is used only to determine the addresses of symbols.
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
894 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
895 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
896 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
897
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
898 <varlistentry>
394
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
899 <term>REORG</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
900 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
901 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
902 Sets the assembly address to the value it had immediately prior to the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
903 previous ORG statement. It is used to continue assembly after some
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
904 specification that required an additional ORG. This directive is primarily
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
905 intended for MACRO-80c compatibility. Consider using alternatives in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
906 modern code.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
907 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
908 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
909 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
910
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
911 <varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
912 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EQU <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
913 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> = <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
914 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
915 <para>Define the value of <parameter>sym</parameter> to be <parameter>expr</parameter>.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
916 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
917 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
918
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
919 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
920 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> SET <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
921 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
922 <para>Define the value of <parameter>sym</parameter> to be <parameter>expr</parameter>.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
923 Unlike EQU, SET permits symbols to be defined multiple times as long as SET
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
924 is used for all instances. Use of the symbol before the first SET statement
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
925 that sets its value is undefined.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
926 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
927 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
928
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
929 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
930 <term>SETDP <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
931 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
932 <para>Inform the assembler that it can assume the DP register contains
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
933 <parameter>expr</parameter>. This directive is only advice to the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
934 to determine whether an address is in the direct page and has no effect
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
935 on the contents of the DP register. The value must be fully resolved during
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
936 the first assembly pass because it affects the sizes of subsequent instructions.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
937 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
938 <para>This directive has no effect in the object file target.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
939 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
940 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
941 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
942
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
943 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
944 <term>ALIGN <parameter>expr</parameter>[,<parameter>value</parameter>]</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
945 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
946
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
947 <para>Force the current assembly address to be a multiple of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
948 <parameter>expr</parameter>. If <parameter>value</parameter> is not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
949 specified, a series of NUL bytes is output to force the alignment, if
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
950 required. Otherwise, the low order 8 bits of <parameter>value</parameter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
951 will be used as the fill. The alignment value must be fully resolved on the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
952 first pass because it affects the addresses of subsquent instructions.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
953 However, <parameter>value</parameter> may include forward references; as
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
954 long as it resolves to a constant for the second pass, the value will be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
955 accepted.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
956
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
957 <para>Unless <parameter>value</parameter> is specified as something like $12,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
958 this directive is not suitable for inclusion in the middle of actual code.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
959 The default padding value is $00 which is intended to be used within data
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
960 blocks. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
961
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
962 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
963 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
964
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
965 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
966
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
967 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
968
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
969 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
970 <title>Conditional Assembly</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
971 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
972 Portions of the source code can be excluded or included based on conditions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
973 known at assembly time. Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily deeply. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
974 directives associated with conditional assembly are described in this section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
975 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
976 <para>All conditionals must be fully bracketed. That is, every conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
977 statement must eventually be followed by an ENDC at the same level of nesting.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
978 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
979 <para>Conditional expressions are only evaluated on the first assembly pass.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
980 It is not possible to game the assembly process by having a conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
981 change its value between assembly passes. Due to the underlying architecture
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
982 of LWASM, there is no possible utility to IFP1 and IFP2, nor can they, as of LWASM 3.0, actually
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
983 be implemented meaningfully. Thus there is not and never will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
984 be any equivalent of IFP1 or IFP2 as provided by other assemblers. Use of those opcodes
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
985 will throw a warning and be ignored.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
986
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
987 <para>It is important to note that if a conditional does not resolve to a constant
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
988 during the first parsing pass, an error will be thrown. This is unavoidable because the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
989 must make a decision about which source to include and which source to exclude at this stage.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
990 Thus, expressions that work normally elsewhere will not work for conditions.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
991
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
992 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
993 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
994 <term>IFEQ <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
995 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
996 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
997 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
998 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
999 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1000 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1001
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1002 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1003 <term>IFNE <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1004 <term>IF <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1005 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1006 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a non-zero value, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1007 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1008 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1009 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1010 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1011
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1012 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1013 <term>IFGT <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1014 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1015 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value greater than zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1016 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1017 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1018 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1019 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1020
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1021 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1022 <term>IFGE <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1023 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1024 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value greater than or equal to zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1025 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1026 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1027 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1028 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1029
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1030 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1031 <term>IFLT <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1032 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1033 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value less than zero, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1034 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1035 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1036 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1037 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1038
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1039 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1040 <term>IFLE <parameter>expr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1041 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1042 <para>If <parameter>expr</parameter> evaluates to a value less than or equal to zero , the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1043 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1044 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1045 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1046 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1047
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1048 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1049 <term>IFDEF <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1050 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1051 <para>If <parameter>sym</parameter> is defined at this point in the assembly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1052 process, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1053 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1054 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1055 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1056 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1057
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1058 <varlistentry>
394
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1059 <term>IFPRAGMA <parameter>pragma</parameter></term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1060 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1061 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1062 If <parameter>pragma</parameter> is in effect, the condition will be considered true.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1063 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1064 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1065 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1066
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1067
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1068 <varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1069 <term>IFNDEF <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1070 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1071 <para>If <parameter>sym</parameter> is not defined at this point in the assembly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1072 process, the conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1073 will be considered true.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1074 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1075 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1076 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1077
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1078 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1079 <term>ELSE</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1080 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1081 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1082 If the preceding conditional at the same level of nesting was false, the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1083 statements following will be assembled. If the preceding conditional at
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1084 the same level was true, the statements following will not be assembled.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1085 Note that the preceding conditional might have been another ELSE statement
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1086 although this behaviour is not guaranteed to be supported in future versions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1087 of LWASM.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1088 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1089 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1090
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1091 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1092 <term>ENDC</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1093 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1094 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1095 This directive marks the end of a conditional construct. Every conditional
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1096 construct must end with an ENDC directive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1097 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1098 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1099 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1100
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1101 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1102 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1103
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1104 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1105 <title>OS9 Target Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1106
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1107 <para>This section includes directives that apply solely to the OS9
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1108 target.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1109
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1110 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1111
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1112 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1113 <term>OS9 <parameter>syscall</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1114 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1115 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1116
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1117 This directive generates a call to the specified system call. <parameter>syscall</parameter> may be an arbitrary expression.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1118
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1119 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1120 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1121 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1122
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1123 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1124 <term>MOD <parameter>size</parameter>,<parameter>name</parameter>,<parameter>type</parameter>,<parameter>flags</parameter>,<parameter>execoff</parameter>,<parameter>datasize</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1125 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1126 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1127
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1128 This tells LWASM that the beginning of the actual module is here. It will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1129 generate a module header based on the parameters specified. It will also
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1130 begin calcuating the module CRC.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1131
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1132 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1133
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1134 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1135
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1136 The precise meaning of the various parameters is beyond the scope of this
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1137 document since it is not a tutorial on OS9 module programming.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1138
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1139 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1140
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1141 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1142 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1143
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1144 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1145 <term>EMOD</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1146 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1147 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1148
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1149 This marks the end of a module and causes LWASM to emit the calculated CRC
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1150 for the module.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1151
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1152 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1153 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1154
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1155 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1156 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1157
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1158 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1159 <title>Miscelaneous Directives</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1160
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1161 <para>This section includes directives that do not fit into the other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1162 categories.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1163
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1164 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1165
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1166 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1167 <term>INCLUDE <parameter>filename</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1168 <term>USE <parameter>filename</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1169
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1170 <listitem> <para> Include the contents of <parameter>filename</parameter> at
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1171 this point in the assembly as though it were a part of the file currently
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1172 being processed. Note that if whitespace appears in the name of the file,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1173 you must enclose <parameter>filename</parameter> in quotes.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1174 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1175
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1176 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1177 Note that the USE variation is provided only for compatibility with other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1178 assemblers. It is recommended to use the INCLUDE variation.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1179
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1180 <para>If <parameter>filename</parameter> begins with a &quot;/&quot;, it is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1181 interpreted as an absolute path. If it does not, the search path will be used
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1182 to find the file. First, the directory containing the file that contains this
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1183 directive. (Includes within an included file are relative to the included file,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1184 not the file that included it.) If the file is not found there, the include path
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1185 is searched. If it is still not found, an error will be thrown. Note that the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1186 current directory as understood by your shell or operating system is not searched.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1187 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1188
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1189 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1190 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1191
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1192 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1193 <term>END <parameter>[expr]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1194 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1195 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1196 This directive causes the assembler to stop assembling immediately as though
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1197 it ran out of input. For the DECB target only, <parameter>expr</parameter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1198 can be used to set the execution address of the resulting binary. For all
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1199 other targets, specifying <parameter>expr</parameter> will cause an error.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1200 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1201 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1202 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1203
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1204 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1205 <term>ERROR <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1206 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1207 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1208 Causes a custom error message to be printed at this line. This will cause
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1209 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1210 to cause assembly to fail if some condition that is known bad happens. Everything
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1211 from the directive to the end of the line is considered the error message.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1212 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1213 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1214 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1215
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1216 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1217 <term>WARNING <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1218 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1219 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1220 Causes a custom warning message to be printed at this line. This will not cause
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1221 assembly to fail. This directive is most useful inside conditional constructs
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1222 or include files to alert the programmer to a deprecated feature being used
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1223 or some other condition that may cause trouble later, but which may, in fact,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1224 not cause any trouble.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1225 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1226 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1227 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1228
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1229 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1230 <term>.MODULE <parameter>string</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1231 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1232 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1233 This directive is ignored for most output targets. If the output target
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1234 supports encoding a module name into it, <parameter>string</parameter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1235 will be used as the module name.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1236 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1237 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1238 As of version 3.0, no supported output targets support this directive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1239 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1240 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1241 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1242
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1243 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1244 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1245
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1246 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1247
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1248 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1249 <title>Macros</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1250 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1251 LWASM is a macro assembler. A macro is simply a name that stands in for a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1252 series of instructions. Once a macro is defined, it is used like any other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1253 assembler directive. Defining a macro can be considered equivalent to adding
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1254 additional assembler directives.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1255 </para>
60
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1256
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1257 <para>Macros may accept parameters. These parameters are referenced within a
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1258 macro by the a backslash ("\") followed by a digit 1 through 9 for the first
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1259 through ninth parameters. They may also be referenced by enclosing the
60
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1260 decimal parameter number in braces ("{num}"). The special expansion "\*"
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1261 translates to the exact parameter string, including all parameters, passed
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1262 to the macro. These parameter references are replaced with the verbatim text
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1263 of the parameter passed to the macro. A reference to a non-existent
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1264 parameter will be replaced by an empty string. Macro parameters are expanded
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1265 everywhere on each source line. That means the parameter to a macro could be
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1266 used as a symbol or it could even appear in a comment or could cause an
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1267 entire source line to be commented out when the macro is expanded. </para>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1268
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1269 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1270 Parameters passed to a macro are separated by commas and the parameter list
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1271 is terminated by any whitespace. This means that neither a comma nor whitespace
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1272 may be included in a macro parameter.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1273 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1274 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1275 Macro expansion is done recursively. That is, within a macro, macros are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1276 expanded. This can lead to infinite loops in macro expansion. If the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1277 hangs for a long time while assembling a file that uses macros, this may be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1278 the reason.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1279
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1280 <para>Each macro expansion receives its own local symbol context which is not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1281 inherited by any macros called by it nor is it inherited from the context
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1282 the macro was instantiated in. That means it is possible to use local symbols
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1283 within macros without having them collide with symbols in other macros or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1284 outside the macro itself. However, this also means that using a local symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1285 as a parameter to a macro, while legal, will not do what it would seem to do
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1286 as it will result in looking up the local symbol in the macro's symbol context
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1287 rather than the enclosing context where it came from, likely yielding either
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1288 an undefined symbol error or bizarre assembly results.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1289 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1290 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1291 Note that there is no way to define a macro as local to a symbol context. All
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1292 macros are part of the global macro namespace. However, macros have a separate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1293 namespace from symbols so it is possible to have a symbol with the same name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1294 as a macro.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1295 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1296
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1297 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1298 Macros are defined only during the first pass. Macro expansion also
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1299 only occurs during the first pass. On the second pass, the macro
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1300 definition is simply ignored. Macros must be defined before they are used.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1301 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1302
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1303 <para>The following directives are used when defining macros.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1304
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1305 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1306 <varlistentry>
51
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1307 <term><parameter>macroname</parameter> MACRO [NOEXPAND]</term>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1308 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1309 <para>This directive is used to being the definition of a macro called
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1310 <parameter>macroname</parameter>. If <parameter>macroname</parameter> already
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1311 exists, it is considered an error. Attempting to define a macro within a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1312 macro is undefined. It may work and it may not so the behaviour should not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1313 be relied upon.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1314 </para>
51
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1315
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1316 <para>If NOEXPAND is specified, the macro will not be expanded in a program
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1317 listing. Instead, all bytes emitted by all instructions within the macro
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1318 will appear to be emitted on the line where the macro is invoked, starting
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1319 at the address of the line of the invokation. If the macro uses ORG or other
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1320 directives that define symbols or change the assembly address, these things
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1321 will also be hidden (except in the symbol table) and the output bytes will
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1322 appear with incorrect address attribution. Thus, NOEXPAND should only be
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1323 used for macros that do not mess with the assembly address or otherwise
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1324 define symbols that should be visible.</para>
fd1ecc5d6e69 Added mention of NOEXPAND macro argument in manual
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 0
diff changeset
1325
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1326 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1327 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1328
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1329 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1330 <term>ENDM</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1331 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1332 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1333 This directive indicates the end of the macro currently being defined. It
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1334 causes the assembler to resume interpreting source lines as normal.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1335 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1336 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1337 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1338
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1339 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1340
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1341 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1342 <title>Structures</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1343 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1344
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1345 Structures are used to group related data in a fixed structure. A structure
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1346 consists a number of fields, defined in sequential order and which take up
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1347 specified size. The assembler does not enforce any means of access within a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1348 structure; it assumes that whatever you are doing, you intended to do.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1349 There are two pseudo ops that are used for defining structures.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1350
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1351 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1352
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1353 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1354 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1355 <term><parameter>structname</parameter> STRUCT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1356 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1357 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1358
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1359 This directive is used to begin the definition of a structure with name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1360 <parameter>structname</parameter>. Subsequent statements all form part of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1361 the structure definition until the end of the structure is declared.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1362
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1363 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1364 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1365 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1366 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1367 <term>ENDSTRUCT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1368 <term>ENDS</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1369 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1370 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1371 This directive ends the definition of the structure. ENDSTRUCT is the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1372 preferred form. Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS was used to end a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1373 section instead of a structure.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1374 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1375 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1376 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1377 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1378
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1379 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1380
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1381 Within a structure definition, only reservation pseudo ops are permitted.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1382 Anything else will cause an assembly error.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1383 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1384
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1385 <para> Once a structure is defined, you can reserve an area of memory in the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1386 same structure by using the structure name as the opcode. Structures can
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1387 also contain fields that are themselves structures. See the example
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1388 below.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1389
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1390 <programlisting>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1391 tstruct2 STRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1392 f1 rmb 1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1393 f2 rmb 1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1394 ENDSTRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1395
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1396 tstruct STRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1397 field1 rmb 2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1398 field2 rmb 3
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1399 field3 tstruct2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1400 ENDSTRUCT
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1401
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1402 ORG $2000
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1403 var1 tstruct
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1404 var2 tstruct2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1405 </programlisting>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1406
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1407 <para>Fields are referenced using a dot (.) as a separator. To refer to the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1408 generic offset within a structure, use the structure name to the left of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1409 dot. If referring to a field within an actual variable, use the variable's
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1410 symbol name to the left of the dot.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1411
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1412 <para>You can also refer to the actual size of a structure (or a variable
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1413 declared as a structure) using the special symbol sizeof{structname} where
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1414 structname will be the name of the structure or the name of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1415 variable.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1416
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1417 <para>Essentially, structures are a shortcut for defining a vast number of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1418 symbols. When a structure is defined, the assembler creates symbols for the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1419 various fields in the form structname.fieldname as well as the appropriate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1420 sizeof{structname} symbol. When a variable is declared as a structure, the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1421 assembler does the same thing using the name of the variable. You will see
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1422 these symbols in the symbol table when the assembler is instructed to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1423 provide a listing. For instance, the above listing will create the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1424 following symbols (symbol values in parentheses): tstruct2.f1 (0),
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1425 tstruct2.f2 (1), sizeof{tstruct2} (2), tstruct.field1 (0), tstruct.field2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1426 (2), tstruct.field3 (5), tstruct.field3.f1 (5), tstruct.field3.f2 (6),
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1427 sizeof{tstruct.field3} (2), sizeof{tstruct} (7), var1 {$2000}, var1.field1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1428 {$2000}, var1.field2 {$2002}, var1.field3 {$2005}, var1.field3.f1 {$2005},
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1429 var1.field3.f2 {$2006}, sizeof(var1.field3} (2), sizeof{var1} (7), var2
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1430 ($2007), var2.f1 ($2007), var2.f2 ($2008), sizeof{var2} (2). </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1431
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1432 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1433
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1434 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1435 <title>Object Files and Sections</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1436 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1437 The object file target is very useful for large project because it allows
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1438 multiple files to be assembled independently and then linked into the final
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1439 binary at a later time. It allows only the small portion of the project
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1440 that was modified to be re-assembled rather than requiring the entire set
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1441 of source code to be available to the assembler in a single assembly process.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1442 This can be particularly important if there are a large number of macros,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1443 symbol definitions, or other metadata that uses resources at assembly time.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1444 By far the largest benefit, however, is keeping the source files small enough
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1445 for a mere mortal to find things in them.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1446 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1447
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1448 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1449 With multi-file projects, there needs to be a means of resolving references to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1450 symbols in other source files. These are known as external references. The
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1451 addresses of these symbols cannot be known until the linker joins all the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1452 object files into a single binary. This means that the assembler must be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1453 able to output the object code without knowing the value of the symbol. This
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1454 places some restrictions on the code generated by the assembler. For
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1455 example, the assembler cannot generate direct page addressing for instructions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1456 that reference external symbols because the address of the symbol may not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1457 be in the direct page. Similarly, relative branches and PC relative addressing
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1458 cannot be used in their eight bit forms. Everything that must be resolved
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1459 by the linker must be assembled to use the largest address size possible to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1460 allow the linker to fill in the correct value at link time. Note that the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1461 same problem applies to absolute address references as well, even those in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1462 the same source file, because the address is not known until link time.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1463 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1464
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1465 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1466 It is often desired in multi-file projects to have code of various types grouped
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1467 together in the final binary generated by the linker as well. The same applies
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1468 to data. In order for the linker to do that, the bits that are to be grouped
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1469 must be tagged in some manner. This is where the concept of sections comes in.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1470 Each chunk of code or data is part of a section in the object file. Then,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1471 when the linker reads all the object files, it coalesces all sections of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1472 same name into a single section and then considers it as a unit.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1473 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1474
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1475 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1476 The existence of sections, however, raises a problem for symbols even
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1477 within the same source file. Thus, the assembler must treat symbols from
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1478 different sections within the same source file in the same manner as external
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1479 symbols. That is, it must leave them for the linker to resolve at link time,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1480 with all the limitations that entails.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1481 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1482
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1483 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1484 In the object file target mode, LWASM requires all source lines that
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1485 cause bytes to be output to be inside a section. Any directives that do
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1486 not cause any bytes to be output can appear outside of a section. This includes
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1487 such things as EQU or RMB. Even ORG can appear outside a section. ORG, however,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1488 makes no sense within a section because it is the linker that determines
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1489 the starting address of the section's code, not the assembler.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1490 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1491
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1492 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1493 All symbols defined globally in the assembly process are local to the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1494 source file and cannot be exported. All symbols defined within a section are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1495 considered local to the source file unless otherwise explicitly exported.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1496 Symbols referenced from external source files must be declared external,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1497 either explicitly or by asking the assembler to assume that all undefined
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1498 symbols are external.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1499 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1500
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1501 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1502 It is often handy to define a number of memory addresses that will be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1503 used for data at run-time but which need not be included in the binary file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1504 These memory addresses are not initialized until run-time, either by the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1505 program itself or by the program loader, depending on the operating environment.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1506 Such sections are often known as BSS sections. LWASM supports generating
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1507 sections with a BSS attribute set which causes the section definition including
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1508 symbols exported from that section and those symbols required to resolve
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1509 references from the local file, but with no actual code in the object file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1510 It is illegal for any source lines within a BSS flagged section to cause any
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1511 bytes to be output.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1512 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1513
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1514 <para>The following directives apply to section handling.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1515
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1516 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1517 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1518 <term>SECTION <parameter>name[,flags]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1519 <term>SECT <parameter>name[,flags]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1520 <term>.AREA <parameter>name[,flags]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1521 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1522 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1523 Instructs the assembler that the code following this directive is to be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1524 considered part of the section <parameter>name</parameter>. A section name
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1525 may appear multiple times in which case it is as though all the code from
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1526 all the instances of that section appeared adjacent within the source file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1527 However, <parameter>flags</parameter> may only be specified on the first
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1528 instance of the section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1529 </para>
168
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 152
diff changeset
1530
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 152
diff changeset
1531 <para><parameter>flags</parameter> is a comma separated list of flags. If a
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1532 flag is "bss", the section will be treated as a BSS section and no
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1533 statements that generate output are permitted.</para>
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1534
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 152
diff changeset
1535 <para>If the flag is "constant",
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1536 the same restrictions apply as for BSS sections. Additionally, all symbols
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1537 defined in a constant section define absolute values and will not be
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1538 adjusted by the linker at link time. Constant sections cannot define
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1539 complex expressions for symbols; the value must be fully defined at assembly
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1540 time. Additionally, multiple instances of a constant section do not
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1541 coalesce into a single addressing unit; each instance starts again at offset
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1542 0.</para>
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1543
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1544 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1545 If the section name is "bss" or ".bss" in any combination of upper and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1546 lower case, the section is assumed to be a BSS section. In that case,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1547 the flag <parameter>!bss</parameter> can be used to override this assumption.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1548 </para>
168
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
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parents: 152
diff changeset
1549
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1550 <para> If the section name is "_constants" or "_constant", in any
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1551 combination of upper and lower case, the section is assumed to be a constant
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1552 section. This assumption can be overridden with the "!constant"
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1553 flag.</para>
1e0a0e6cd918 Documentation updates
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 152
diff changeset
1554
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1555 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1556 If assembly is already happening within a section, the section is implicitly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1557 ended and the new section started. This is not considered an error although
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1558 it is recommended that all sections be explicitly closed.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1559 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1560 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1561 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1562
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1563 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1564 <term>ENDSECTION</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1565 <term>ENDSECT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1566 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1567 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1568 This directive ends the current section. This puts assembly outside of any
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1569 sections until the next SECTION directive. ENDSECTION is the preferred form.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1570 Prior to version 3.0 of LWASM, ENDS could also be used to end a section but
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1571 as of version 3.0, it is now an alias for ENDSTRUCT instead.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1572 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1573 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1574
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1575 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1576 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXTERN</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1577 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXTERNAL</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1578 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> IMPORT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1579 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1580 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1581 This directive defines <parameter>sym</parameter> as an external symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1582 This directive may occur at any point in the source code. EXTERN definitions
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1583 are resolved on the first pass so an EXTERN definition anywhere in the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1584 source file is valid for the entire file. The use of this directive is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1585 optional when the assembler is instructed to assume that all undefined
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1586 symbols are external. In fact, in that mode, if the symbol is referenced
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1587 before the EXTERN directive, an error will occur.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1588 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1589 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1590 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1591
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1592 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1593 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXPORT</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1594 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> .GLOBL</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1595
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1596 <term>EXPORT <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1597 <term>.GLOBL <parameter>sym</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1598
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1599 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1600 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1601 This directive defines <parameter>sym</parameter> as an exported symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1602 This directive may occur at any point in the source code, even before the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1603 definition of the exported symbol.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1604 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1605 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1606 Note that <parameter>sym</parameter> may appear as the operand or as the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1607 statement's symbol. If there is a symbol on the statement, that will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1608 take precedence over any operand that is present.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1609 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1610 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1611
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1612 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1613
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1614 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1615 <term><parameter>sym</parameter> EXTDEP</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1616 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1617
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1618 <para>This directive forces an external dependency on
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1619 <parameter>sym</parameter>, even if it is never referenced anywhere else in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1620 this file.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1621
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1622 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1623 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1624 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1625
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1626 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1627
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1628 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1629 <title>Assembler Modes and Pragmas</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1630 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1631 There are a number of options that affect the way assembly is performed.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1632 Some of these options can only be specified on the command line because
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1633 they determine something absolute about the assembly process. These include
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1634 such things as the output target. Other things may be switchable during
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1635 the assembly process. These are known as pragmas and are, by definition,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1636 not portable between assemblers.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1637 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1638
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1639 <para>LWASM supports a number of pragmas that affect code generation or
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1640 otherwise affect the behaviour of the assembler. These may be specified by
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1641 way of a command line option or by assembler directives. The directives
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1642 are as follows.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1643 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1644
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1645 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1646 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1647 <term>PRAGMA <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1648 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1649 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1650 Specifies that the assembler should bring into force all <parameter>pragma</parameter>s
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1651 specified. Any unrecognized pragma will cause an assembly error. The new
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1652 pragmas will take effect immediately. This directive should be used when
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1653 the program will assemble incorrectly if the pragma is ignored or not supported.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1654 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1655 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1656 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1657
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1658 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1659 <term>*PRAGMA <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1660 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1661 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1662 This is identical to the PRAGMA directive except no error will occur with
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1663 unrecognized or unsupported pragmas. This directive, by virtue of starting
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1664 with a comment character, will also be ignored by assemblers that do not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1665 support this directive. Use this variation if the pragma is not required
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1666 for correct functioning of the code.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1667 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1668 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1669 </varlistentry>
111
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1670
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1671 <varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1672 <term>*PRAGMAPUSH <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1673 <listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1674 <para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1675 This directive saves the current state of the specified pragma(s) for later retrieval. See discussion below for more information.
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1676 </para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1677
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1678 <para>This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1679
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1680 </listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1681 </varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1682
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1683 <varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1684 <term>*PRAGMAPOP <parameter>pragma[,...]</parameter></term>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1685 <listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1686 <para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1687 This directive restores the previously saved state of the specified pragma(s). See discussion below for more information.
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1688 </para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1689
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1690 <para>This directive will not throw any errors for any reason.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1691
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1692 </listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1693 </varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1694 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1695
207
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1696 <para>Each pragma supported has a positive version and a negative version.
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1697 The positive version enables the pragma while the negative version disables
207
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1698 it. The negatitve version is simply the positive version with "no" prefixed
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1699 to it. For instance, "pragma" vs. "nopragma". When only one version is
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1700 listed below, its opposite can be obtained by prepending "no" if it is not
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1701 present or removing "no" from the beginning if it is present.</para>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1702
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1703 <para>Pragmas are not case sensitive.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1704
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1705 <variablelist>
333
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1706
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1707 <varlistentry>
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1708 <term>6800compat</term>
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1709 <listitem>
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1710
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1711 <para>When in force, this pragma enables recognition of various
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1712 compatibility instructions useful when assembling 6800 code. These
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1713 compatibility instructions are assembled into equivalent 6809 instructions.
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1714 This mode also includes several analogous instructions which are not
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1715 strictly 6800 instructions but allow the similar style to be applied to 6809
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1716 specific features.</para>
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1717
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1718 <para>Technically, a compliant 6809 assembler must recognize these
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1719 instructions by default since Motorola advertised the 6809 as being source
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1720 compatible with the 6800. However, most source code does not require this
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1721 compatibility and LWASM itself did not support these instructions prior to
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1722 version 4.11 so this mode is disabled by default.</para>
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1723
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1724 </listitem>
507f442dc71e Add support for 6800 compatibility instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 324
diff changeset
1725
394
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1726 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1727
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1728 <varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1729 <term>6809</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1730 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1731 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1732 This pragma allows you to mark a section of code as 6809-only. In ths mode,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1733 the assembler will throw an error if any 6309 instructions are used.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1734 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1735 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1736 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1737
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1738 <varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1739 <term>6309</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1740 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1741 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1742 This pragma enables the use of 6309 instructions and disables any 6809 specific
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1743 instructions. It also changes the cycle count listing output (if selected)
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1744 to display 6309 timings.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1745 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1746 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1747 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1748
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1749 <varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1750 <term>6809conv</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1751 <term>6309conv</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1752 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1753 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1754 These pragmas enable convenience instructions extending the 6809 and 6309
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1755 instruction sets respectively. For more information, see
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1756 <xref linkend="convinst">.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1757 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1758 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1759 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1760
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
1761
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1762 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1763 <term>index0tonone</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1764 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1765 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1766 When in force, this pragma enables an optimization affecting indexed addressing
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1767 modes. When the offset expression in an indexed mode evaluates to zero but is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1768 not explicity written as 0, this will replace the operand with the equivalent
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1769 no offset mode, thus creating slightly faster code. Because of the advantages
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1770 of this optimization, it is enabled by default.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1771 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1772 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1773 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1774
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1775 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1776 <term>cescapes</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1777 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1778 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1779 This pragma will cause strings in the FCC, FCS, and FCN pseudo operations to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1780 have C-style escape sequences interpreted. The one departure from the official
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1781 spec is that unrecognized escape sequences will return either the character
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1782 immediately following the backslash or some undefined value. Do not rely
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1783 on the behaviour of undefined escape sequences.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1784 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1785 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1786 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1787
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1788 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1789 <term>importundefexport</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1790 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1791 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1792 This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1793 in force, it will cause the EXPORT directive to act as IMPORT if the symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1794 to be exported is not defined. This is provided for compatibility with the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1795 output of gcc6809 and should not be used in hand written code. Because of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1796 the confusion this pragma can cause, it is disabled by default.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1797 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1798 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1799 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1800
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1801 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1802 <term>undefextern</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1803 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1804 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1805 This pragma is only valid for targets that support external references. When in
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1806 force, if the assembler sees an undefined symbol on the second pass, it will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1807 automatically define it as an external symbol. This automatic definition will
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1808 apply for the remainder of the assembly process, even if the pragma is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1809 subsequently turned off. Because this behaviour would be potentially surprising,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1810 this pragma defaults to off.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1811 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1812 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1813 The primary use for this pragma is for projects that share a large number of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1814 symbols between source files. In such cases, it is impractical to enumerate
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1815 all the external references in every source file. This allows the assembler
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1816 and linker to do the heavy lifting while not preventing a particular source
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1817 module from defining a local symbol of the same name as an external symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1818 if it does not need the external symbol. (This pragma will not cause an
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1819 automatic external definition if there is already a locally defined symbol.)
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1820 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1821 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1822 This pragma will often be specified on the command line for large projects.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1823 However, depending on the specific dynamics of the project, it may be sufficient
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1824 for one or two files to use this pragma internally.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1825 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1826 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1827 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1828
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1829 <varlistentry>
253
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1830 <term>export</term>
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1831 <listitem>
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1832
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1833 <para>This pragma causes all symbols to be added to the export list
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1834 automatically. This is useful when a large number of symbols need to be
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1835 exported but you do not wish to include an EXPORT directive for all of them.
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1836 This is often useful on the command line but might be useful even inline
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1837 with the PRAGMA directive if a large number of symbols in a row are to be
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1838 exported.</para>
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1839
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1840 </listitem>
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1841 </varlistentry>
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1842
ed1009bce533 Document the "export" pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 245
diff changeset
1843 <varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1844 <term>dollarlocal</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1845 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1846
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1847 <para>When set, a "$" in a symbol makes it local. When not set, "$" does not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1848 cause a symbol to be local. It is set by default except when using the OS9
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1849 target.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1850
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1851 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1852 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1853
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1854 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1855 <term>dollarnotlocal</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1856 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1857
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1858 <para> This is the same as the "dollarlocal" pragma except its sense is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1859 reversed. That is, "dollarlocal" and "nodollarnotlocal" are equivalent and
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1860 "nodollarlocal" and "dollarnotlocal" are equivalent. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1861
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1862 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1863 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1864
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1865 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1866 <term>pcaspcr</term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1867 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1868
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1869 <para> Normally, LWASM makes a distinction between PC and PCR in program
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1870 counter relative addressing. In particular, the use of PC means an absolute
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1871 offset from PC while PCR causes the assembler to calculate the offset to the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1872 specified operand and use that as the offset from PC. By setting this
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1873 pragma, you can have PC treated the same as PCR. </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1874
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1875
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1876 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1877 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
1878
60
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1879 <varlistentry>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1880 <term>shadow</term>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1881 <listitem>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1882
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1883 <para>When this pragma is in effect, it becomes possible to define a macro
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1884 that matches an internal operation code. Thus, it makes it possible to
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1885 redefine either CPU instructions or pseudo operations. Because this feature
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1886 is of dubious utility, it is disabled by default.</para>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1887
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1888 </listitem>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1889 </varlistentry>
9ded7e6fc1b0 Updated documentation to include recently added features
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 51
diff changeset
1890
111
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1891 <varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1892 <term>nolist</term>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1893 <listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1894
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1895 <para>Lines where this pragma is in effect will not appear in the assembly
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1896 listing. Also, any symbols defined under this pragma will not show up in
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1897 the symbol list. This is most useful in include files to avoid spamming the
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1898 assembly listing with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of irrelevant
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1899 symbols.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1900
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1901 </listitem>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1902 </varlistentry>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
1903
117
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1904 <varlistentry>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1905 <term>autobranchlength</term>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1906 <listitem>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1907
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1908 <para>One of the perennial annoyances for 6809 programmers is that the
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1909 mneumonics for the short and long branch instructions are different (bxx vs.
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1910 lbxx), which is at odds with the rest of the instruction set. This pragma
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1911 is a solution to those annoying byte overflow errors that short branch
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1912 instructions tend to aquire.</para>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1913
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1914 <para>When this pragma is in effect, which is not the default, whenever any
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1915 relative branch instruction is used, its size will be automatically
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1916 determined based on the actual distance to the destination. In other words,
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1917 one can write code with long or short branches everywhere and the assembler
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1918 will choose a size for the branch.</para>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1919
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1920 <para>Also, while this pragma is in effect, the > and < symbols can be used
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1921 to force the branch size, analogous to their use for other instructions with
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1922 < forcing 8 bit offsets and > forcing 16 bit offets.</para>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1923
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1924 <para>Because this pragma leads to source that is incompatible with other
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1925 assemblers, it is strongly recommended that it be invoked using the PRAGMA
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1926 directive within the source code rather than on the command line or via the
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1927 *PRAGMA directive. This way, an error will be raised if someone tries to
207
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1928 assemble the code under a different assembler.</para>
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1929
517
1faf14de9d04 Update manual to correctly reflect forwardrefmax behaviour
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 488
diff changeset
1930 <para>Note that if the "forwardrefmax" pragma is ineffect, as is the current
1faf14de9d04 Update manual to correctly reflect forwardrefmax behaviour
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 488
diff changeset
1931 default, this pragma will not behave as expected.</para>
1faf14de9d04 Update manual to correctly reflect forwardrefmax behaviour
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 488
diff changeset
1932
207
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1933 <varlistentry>
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1934 <term>nosymbolcase</term>
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1935 <term>symbolnocase</term>
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1936 <listitem>
117
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1937
207
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1938 <para>Any symbol defined while this pragma is in force will be treated as
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1939 case insensitive, regardless whether the pragma is in force when the symbol
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1940 is referenced.</para>
117
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1941
207
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1942 <para>It is important to note that this pragma will not work as expected in
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1943 all cases when using the object file assembly target. It is intended for
07e1fac76321 Added pragma to allow non case sensitive symbols
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 168
diff changeset
1944 use only when the assembler will be producing the final binary.</para>
117
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1945
210
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1946 <varlistentry>
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1947 <term>condundefzero</term>
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1948 <listitem>
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1949
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1950 <para>This pragma will cause the assembler to change the way it handles
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1951 symbols in conditional expressions. Ordinarily, any symbol that is not
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1952 defined prior to the conditional will throw an undefined symbol error. With
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1953 this pragma in effect, symbols that are not yet defined at the point the
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1954 conditional is encountered will be treated as zero.</para>
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1955
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1956 <para>This is not the default because it encourages poor code design. One
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1957 should use the "IFDEF" or "IFNDEF" conditionals to test for the presence of
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1958 a symbol.</para>
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1959
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1960 <para>It is important to note that if a symbol is defined but it does not
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1961 yet evaluate to a constant value at the point where the conditional appears,
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1962 the assembler will still complain about a non constant condition.</para>
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1963
5d969517db74 Added condundefzero pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 207
diff changeset
1964
117
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1965 </listitem>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1966 </varlistentry>
8e2523061ce9 Document the new autobranchlength pragma
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 111
diff changeset
1967
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1968 <varlistentry>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1969 <term>forwardrefmax</term>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1970 <listitem>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1971
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1972 <para>This pragma will disable forward reference optimization completely.
517
1faf14de9d04 Update manual to correctly reflect forwardrefmax behaviour
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 488
diff changeset
1973 However, many source files, especially
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1974 those not using the PCR relative addressing modes, this optimization is
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1975 pointless since the assembler will almost certainly settle on a 16 bit
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1976 offset or address. If all variables in the direct page are defined before
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1977 the main body of the code, the benefit of forward reference optimization
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1978 almost certainly vanishes completely. However, the cost of doing that
517
1faf14de9d04 Update manual to correctly reflect forwardrefmax behaviour
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 488
diff changeset
1979 optimization remains and can result in a very long assembly time. Because
1faf14de9d04 Update manual to correctly reflect forwardrefmax behaviour
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 488
diff changeset
1980 of this, "forwardrefmax" has been the default setting since version 4.14 of
1faf14de9d04 Update manual to correctly reflect forwardrefmax behaviour
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 488
diff changeset
1981 LWTOOLS. To turn it off, use "noforwardrefmax".</para>
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1982
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1983 <para>Enabling this pragma will cause all forward references to use the
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1984 maximum offset or address size, much the same has EDTASM and other pure
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1985 two pass assemblers do. The side effect is that all line lengths and
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1986 symbol values are fully resolved after the initial parsing pass and the
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1987 amount of work to resolve everything becomes almost nil.</para>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1988
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1989 <para>While this pragma can be applied selectively to sections of source
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1990 code (use *PRAGMA if doing so and compatibility with other assemblers
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1991 is desired), it is likely more useful when provided as a command line
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1992 pragma.</para>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1993
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1994 <para>It should be noted that the presence or absence of this pragma
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1995 will not change the correctness of the generated code unless cycle counts
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1996 or byte counts are critical (which they usually are not). It also will
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1997 not override the operand size override prefixes (&lt; and &gt;). It only
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1998 applies when the assembler is left to guess what the operand size is.</para>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
1999
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2000 </listitem>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2001 </varlistentry>
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2002
394
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2003 <varlistentry>
455
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2004 <term>operandsizewarning</term>
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2005 <listitem>
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2006
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2007 <para>Enabling this pragma will cause LWASM to show a warning when it
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2008 detects that a smaller addressing mode could be used for an instruction.
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2009 This is particularly useful for finding places where long branches are used
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2010 where short branches could be used instead. It will also show the warnings
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2011 for indexing offsets (regardless of whether the operand size is
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2012 forced).</para>
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2013
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2014 <para>As of LWASM 4.16, no other checks are performed.</para>
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2015
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2016 </listitem>
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2017 </varlistentry>
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2018
cad5937314cb Add operandsizewarning pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 450
diff changeset
2019 <varlistentry>
394
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2020 <term>qrts</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2021 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2022 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2023
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2024 Enables the use of the ?RTS branch target. ?RTS is implemented to maintain
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2025 compatibility with the MACRO-80c assembler. It works by searching backward
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2026 in the code for an RTS instruction. If none is found, it inverts the branch
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2027 logic and inserts an RTS following the branch instruction. Below you can
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2028 see how a BMI (2B xx) has been assembled as a BPL *+1 (2A 01) to skip over an
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2029 inserted RTS (39).
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2030 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2031 <programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2032 1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2033 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2034 1D24 BD1D65 JSR INV
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2035 </programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2036 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2037 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2038
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2039 <varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2040 <term>m80ext</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2041 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2042 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2043
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2044 This pragma (along with pragma qrts) enables some uncommon behaviors to
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2045 accomodate The Micro Works MACRO-80c assembler from 1982. This assembler
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2046 was used by a number of notable TRS-80 Color Computer applications and the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2047 goal of this pragma is to allow them to build identical binaries from
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2048 unmodified, vintage source code.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2049 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2050 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2051
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2052 In m80ext mode, the handling of the "END" pseudo-op changes when used inside
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2053 an include file. Instead of terminating all assembly, it merely stops
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2054 processing of the current include file (this behavior matches the original
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2055 Motorola 6809 assembler). In addition, loading an ASCII value with a single
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2056 quote (e.g., LDA #'N) is extended to 16-bit registers (e.g., LDD #'NO).
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2057 LWASM normally supports this via double quote and that is the proper use in
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2058 modern code. Finally, the FCC pseudo-op is extended to handle FCB-like
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2059 behavior after the closing delimiter:
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2060 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2061 <programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2062 FCC "Greetings from 1982",13,0
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2063 </programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2064 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2065 </varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2066
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2067
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2068
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2069 <varlistentry>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2070 <term>testmode</term>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2071 <listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2072 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2073
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2074 This pragma is intended for internal testing purposes. In testmode, the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2075 assembler searches for a specially-formatted comment starting with a
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2076 semicolon followed by a period. Immediately afterward are a list of hex
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2077 bytes that the assembler is expected to generate. Likewise, if the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2078 assembler is expected to throw an error or warning on a given line, you can
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2079 check by specifying "E:" followed by the error number. In this case the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2080 error is ignored and the assembler continues ignoring the line in question.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2081
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2082 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2083 <programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2084 1D1E 7D1D1D TST WHICH1 ;.7d1d1d
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2085 1D21 2A0139 BMI ?RTS ;.2a0139
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2086 1D24 1D24 FDB * ;.1d24
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2087 1D26 xyz INV ;.E:32 (Error 32 is "Bad opcode")
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2088 </programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2089 </listitem>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2090 </varlistentry>
347
330a66a0f45a Document the forwardrefmax pragma
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 345
diff changeset
2091
472
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2092
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2093
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2094
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2095 <varlistentry>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2096 <term>emuext</term>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2097 <listitem>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2098 <para>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2099
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2100 This pragma enables two instructions useful when running code in compatible
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2101 emulators. Break breaks into the debugger. Log writes printf-style
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2102 output to the debug window
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2103
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2104 </para>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2105 <programlisting>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2106 LOG ; log output
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2107 FDB FSTR ; pointer to format string
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2108 FDB PX1 ; 16 bit pointer to 16 bit value
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2109 FDB PY1 ; 16 bit pointer to 8 bit value (see format string!)
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2110 FDB PX2 ; 16 bit pointer to 16 bit value
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2111 FDB PY2 ; 16 bit pointer to 8 bit value
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2112 ; execution continues here ...
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2113 RTS
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2114
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2115 ; format string
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2116 FSTR FCC "%hu,%hhu - %hu,%hhu"
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2117 FCB 10,0
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2118 </programlisting>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2119 </listitem>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2120 </varlistentry>
e97f9a302c6a Add emuext pragma and associated instructions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 455
diff changeset
2121
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2122 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2123
111
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2124 <para>As a convenience, each input file has a pragma state stack. This
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2125 allows, through the use of *PRAGMAPUSH and *PRAGMAPOP, a file to change a
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2126 pragma state and then restore it to the precise state it had previously.
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2127 If, at the end of an input file, all pragma states have not been popped,
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2128 they will be removed from the stack. Thus, it is critical to employ
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2129 *PRAGMAPOP correctly. Because each input file has its own pragma stack,
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2130 using *PRAGMAPUSH in one file and *PRAGMAPOP in another file will not
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2131 work.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2132
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2133 <para>Pragma stacks are more useful in include files, in particular in
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2134 conjunction with the nolist pragma. One can push the state of the nolist
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2135 pragma, engage the nolist pragma, and then pop the state of the nolist
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2136 pragma at the end of the include file. This will cause the entire include
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2137 file to operate under the nolist pragma. However, if the file is included
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2138 while nolist is already engaged, it will not undo that state.</para>
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2139
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2140
c0aedb1584af Updated manual to describe nolist pragma and pragma stacks
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 68
diff changeset
2141
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2142 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2143
394
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2144 <section id="convinst">
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2145 <title id="convinsttitle">Convenience Instructions</title>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2146 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2147
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2148 Similar to the 6800 compatibility instructions (pragma 6800compat) these
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2149 pragma 6809conv and pragma 6309conv enable convenience extensions to the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2150 6809 and 6309 instruction set. Originally intended for compatibility with
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2151 the MACRO-80c assembler, these have proven useful in large codebases that
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2152 target both the 6809 and the 6309.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2153 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2154
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2155 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2156
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2157 The 6809 extensions are straightforward with the exception of "TSTD" which
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2158 assembles as "STD -2,S". A benefit of using these is they will "just work"
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2159 and take on their 6309 equivalent when you enable 6309 assembly mode.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2160 Supported instructions: ASRD, CLRD, COMD, LSLD, LSRD, NEGD, TSTD.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2161 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2162 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2163
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2164 6309 extensions are based on common patterns described by Chris Burke and
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2165 Darren Atkinson in their 6309 documentation and include the following
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2166 instructions: ASRQ, CLRQ, COMQ, LSLE, LSLF, LSLQ, LSRQ, NEGE,
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2167 NEGF, NEGW, NEGQ, TSTQ.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2168 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2169 </section>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2170
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2171 <section>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2172 <title>Cycle Counts</title>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2173 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2174
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2175 The following options for displaying cycle counts in listings are provided.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2176 These options are enabled from pragmas on the command line or in the
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2177 assembly files themselves. For compatibility with other assemblers you can
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2178 use the "OPT" keyword in addition to "PRAGMA."
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2179 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2180
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2181 <programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2182 opt c - enable cycle counts: [8]
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2183 opt cd - enable detailed cycle counts breaking down addressing modes: [5+3]
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2184 opt ct - show a running subtotal of cycles
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2185 opt cc - clear the running subtotal
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2186 </programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2187
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2188 <para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2189
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2190 The assembler supports both 6809 as well as native-mode 6309 cycle counts.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2191 In 6309 mode the counts are displayed in parenthesis instead of brackets.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2192 In addition, some operations have a variable cycle count. In this case a
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2193 "+?" is displayed to alert the reader. Sample output is shown below.
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2194 </para>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2195
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2196 <programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2197 266f 7d25e2 (window.asm):00313 [7] 7 move tst putflg
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2198 2672 2602 (window.asm):00314 [5] 12 bne a@
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2199 2674 1e13 (window.asm):00315 [8] 20 exg x,u
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2200 2676 0dd6 (window.asm):00316 [6] 26 a@ tst is6309
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2201 2678 2618 (window.asm):00317 [5] 31 bne exit@
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2202 (window.asm):00318 opt 6309
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2203 267a 10860085 (window.asm):00319 (4) 35 b@ ldw #133
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2204 267e 113813 (window.asm):00320 (6+?) 41 tfm x+,u+
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2205 2681 30881b (window.asm):00321 (4+1) 46 leax 27,x
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2206 2684 33c81b (window.asm):00322 (4+1) 51 leau 27,u
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2207 2687 4a (window.asm):00323 (1) 52 deca
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2208 2688 26f0 (window.asm):00324 (5) 57 bne b@
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2209 </programlisting>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2210 </section>
fc166b3bbae3 Update manual for recent additions.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 369
diff changeset
2211
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2212 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2213
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2214 <chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2215 <title>LWLINK</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2216 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2217 The LWTOOLS linker is called LWLINK. This chapter documents the various features
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2218 of the linker.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2219 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2220
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2221 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2222 <title>Command Line Options</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2223 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2224 The binary for LWLINK is called "lwlink". Note that the binary is in lower
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2225 case. lwlink takes the following command line arguments.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2226 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2227 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2228 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2229 <term><option>--decb</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2230 <term><option>-b</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2231 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2232 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2233 Selects the DECB output format target. This is equivalent to <option>--format=decb</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2234 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2235 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2236 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2237
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2238 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2239 <term><option>--output=FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2240 <term><option>-o FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2241 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2242 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2243 This option specifies the name of the output file. If not specified, the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2244 default is <option>a.out</option>.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2245 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2246 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2247 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2248
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2249 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2250 <term><option>--format=TYPE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2251 <term><option>-f TYPE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2252 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2253 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2254 This option specifies the output format. Valid values are <option>decb</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2255 and <option>raw</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2256 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2257 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2258 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2259
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2260 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2261 <term><option>--raw</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2262 <term><option>-r</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2263 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2264 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2265 This option specifies the raw output format.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2266 It is equivalent to <option>--format=raw</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2267 and <option>-f raw</option>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2268 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2269 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2270 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2271
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2272 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2273 <term><option>--script=FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2274 <term><option>-s</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2275 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2276 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2277 This option allows specifying a linking script to override the linker's
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2278 built in defaults.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2279 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2280 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2281 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2282
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2283 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2284 <term><option>--section-base=SECT=BASE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2285 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2286 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2287 Cause section SECT to load at base address BASE. This will be prepended
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2288 to the built-in link script. It is ignored if a link script is provided.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2289 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2290 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2291 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2292
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2293 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2294 <term><option>--map=FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2295 <term><option>-m FILE</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2296 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2297 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2298 This will output a description of the link result to FILE.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2299 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2300 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2301 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2302
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2303 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2304 <term><option>--library=LIBSPEC</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2305 <term><option>-l LIBSPEC</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2306 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2307 <para>
440
fda62f676ed4 Allow specifying exact filenames for -l in lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 394
diff changeset
2308 Load a library using the library search path. If LIBSPEC is prefixed with a
fda62f676ed4 Allow specifying exact filenames for -l in lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 394
diff changeset
2309 colon (":"), then LIBSPEC is the precise filename to be searched for in the
fda62f676ed4 Allow specifying exact filenames for -l in lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 394
diff changeset
2310 library path. Otherwise, LIBSPEC will have "lib" prepended and ".a" appended.
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2311 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2312 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2313 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2314
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2315 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2316 <term><option>--library-path=DIR</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2317 <term><option>-L DIR</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2318 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2319 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2320 Add DIR to the library search path.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2321 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2322 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2323 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2324
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2325 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2326 <term><option>--debug</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2327 <term><option>-d</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2328 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2329 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2330 This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2331 developers.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2332 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2333 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2334 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2335
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2336 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2337 <term><option>--help</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2338 <term><option>-?</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2339 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2340 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2341 This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2342 of each.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2343 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2344 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2345 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2346
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2347 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2348 <term><option>--usage</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2349 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2350 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2351 This will display a usage summary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2352 of each command line option.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2353 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2354 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2355 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2356
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2357
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2358 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2359 <term><option>--version</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2360 <term><option>-V</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2361 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2362 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2363 This will display the version of LWLINK.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2364 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2365 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2366 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2367
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2368 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2369
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2370 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2371 <title>Linker Operation</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2372
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2373 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2374
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2375 LWLINK takes one or more files in supported input formats and links them
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2376 into a single binary. Currently supported formats are the LWTOOLS object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2377 file format and the archive format used by LWAR. While the precise method is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2378 slightly different, linking can be conceptualized as the following steps.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2379
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2380 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2381
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2382 <orderedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2383 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2384 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2385 First, the linker loads a linking script. If no script is specified, it
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2386 loads a built-in default script based on the output format selected. This
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2387 script tells the linker how to lay out the various sections in the final
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2388 binary.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2389 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2390 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2391
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2392 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2393 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2394 Next, the linker reads all the input files into memory. At this time, it
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2395 flags any format errors in those files. It constructs a table of symbols
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2396 for each object at this time.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2397 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2398 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2399
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2400 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2401 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2402 The linker then proceeds with organizing the sections loaded from each file
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2403 according to the linking script. As it does so, it is able to assign addresses
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2404 to each symbol defined in each object file. At this time, the linker may
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2405 also collapse different instances of the same section name into a single
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2406 section by appending the data from each subsequent instance of the section
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2407 to the first instance of the section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2408 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2409 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2410
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2411 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2412 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2413 Next, the linker looks through every object file for every incomplete reference.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2414 It then attempts to fully resolve that reference. If it cannot do so, it
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2415 throws an error. Once a reference is resolved, the value is placed into
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2416 the binary code at the specified section. It should be noted that an
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2417 incomplete reference can reference either a symbol internal to the object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2418 file or an external symbol which is in the export list of another object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2419 file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2420 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2421 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2422
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2423 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2424 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2425 If all of the above steps are successful, the linker opens the output file
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2426 and actually constructs the binary.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2427 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2428 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2429 </orderedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2430
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2431 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2432
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2433 <section
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2434 <title>Linking Scripts</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2435 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2436 A linker script is used to instruct the linker about how to assemble the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2437 various sections into a completed binary. It consists of a series of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2438 directives which are considered in the order they are encountered.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2439 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2440 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2441 The sections will appear in the resulting binary in the order they are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2442 specified in the script file. If a referenced section is not found, the linker will behave as though the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2443 section did exist but had a zero size, no relocations, and no exports.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2444 A section should only be referenced once. Any subsequent references will have
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2445 an undefined effect.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2446 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2447
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2448 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2449 All numbers are in linking scripts are specified in hexadecimal. All directives
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2450 are case sensitive although the hexadecimal numbers are not.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2451 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2452
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2453 <para>A section name can be specified as a "*", then any section not
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2454 already matched by the script will be matched. The "*" can be followed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2455 by a comma and a flag to narrow the section down slightly, also.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2456 If the flag is "!bss", then any section that is not flagged as a bss section
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2457 will be matched. If the flag is "bss", then any section that is flagged as
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2458 bss will be matched.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2459 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2460
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2461 <para>The following directives are understood in a linker script.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2462 <variablelist>
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2463
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2464 <varlistentry>
236
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2465 <term>sectopt <parameter>section</parameter> padafter <parameter>byte,...</parameter></term>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2466 <listitem>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2467
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2468 <para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2469
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2470 This will cause the linker to append the specified list of byte values
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2471 (specified in hexadecimal separated by commas) to the end of the named
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2472 section. This is done once all instances of the specified section are
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2473 collected together. This has no effect if the specified section does not
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2474 appear anywhere in any of the objects specified for linking.
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2475
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2476 </para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2477
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2478 <para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2479
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2480 If code depends on the presence of this padding somewhere, it is sufficient
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2481 to include an empty section of the specified name in the object that depends
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2482 on it.
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2483
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2484 </para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2485
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2486 </listitem>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2487
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2488 <varlistentry>
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2489 <term>define basesympat <parameter>string</parameter></term>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2490 <listitem>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2491
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2492 <para>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2493
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2494 This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate base address of
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2495 each section using the pattern specified by <parameter>string</parameter>.
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2496 In the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2497 section name. The base address is calculated after all instances of each
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2498 section have been collapsed together.
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2499
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2500 </para>
236
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2501
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2502 <para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2503
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2504 It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2505 particular section name, there will be no base symbol defined for it, even
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2506 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2507 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2508 the specified name in the object that depends on it.
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2509
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2510 </para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2511
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2512
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2513 <para> If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2514 sections, the results are undefined.
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2515
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2516 </para>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2517 </listitem>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2518
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2519 <varlistentry>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2520 <term>define lensympat <parameter>string</parameter></term>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2521 <listitem>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2522
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2523 <para>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2524
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2525 This causes the linker to define a symbol for the ultimate length of each
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2526 section using the pattern specified by <parameter>string</parameter>. In
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2527 the string, %s can appear exactly once and will be replaced with the section
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2528 name. The length is calculated after all instances of a section have been
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2529 collapsed together.
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2530
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2531 </para>
236
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2532
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2533 <para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2534
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2535 It should be noted that if none of the objects to be linked contains a
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2536 particular section name, there will be no length symbol defined for it, even
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2537 if it is listed explicitly in the link script. If code depends on the
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2538 presence of these symbols, it is sufficient to include an empty section of
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2539 the specified name in the object that depends on it.
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2540
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2541 </para>
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2542
ce1fdc8d6568 Added ability to add padding after a section when linking.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 234
diff changeset
2543
234
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2544 <para>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2545 If the pattern resolves to the same string for multiple
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2546 sections, the results are undefined.
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2547
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2548 </para>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2549 </listitem>
d389adbcc4ab Added section base and length symbols to lwlink
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 232
diff changeset
2550
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2551 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2552 <term>section <parameter>name</parameter> load <parameter>addr</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2553 <listitem><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2554
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2555 This causes the section <parameter>name</parameter> to load at
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2556 <parameter>addr</parameter>. For the raw target, only one "load at" entry is
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2557 allowed for non-bss sections and it must be the first one. For raw targets,
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2558 it affects the addresses the linker assigns to symbols but has no other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2559 affect on the output. bss sections may all have separate load addresses but
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2560 since they will not appear in the binary anyway, this is okay.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2561 </para><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2562 For the decb target, each "load" entry will cause a new "block" to be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2563 output to the binary which will contain the load address. It is legal for
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2564 sections to overlap in this manner - the linker assumes the loader will sort
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2565 everything out.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2566 </para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2567 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2568
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2569 <varlistentry>
316
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2570 <term>section <parameter>name</parameter> high <parameter>addr</parameter></term>
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2571 <listitem><para>
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2572
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2573 This causes the section <parameter>name</parameter> to load with its end
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2574 address just below <parameter>addr</parameter>. Subsequent sections are
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2575 loaded at progressively lower addresses. This may lead to inefficient file
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2576 encoding for some targets. As of this writing, it will also almost
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2577 certainly do the wrong thing for a raw target.
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2578
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2579 </para><para>
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2580
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2581 This is useful for aligning a block of code with high memory. As an
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2582 example, if the total size of a section is $100 bytes and a high address of
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2583 $FE00 is specified, the section will actually load at $FD00.
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2584
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2585 </para></listitem>
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2586 </varlistentry>
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2587
c4853a54b4a1 Documented new "high" option for link scripts.
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 254
diff changeset
2588 <varlistentry>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2589 <term>section <parameter>name</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2590 <listitem><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2591
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2592 This will cause the section <parameter>name</parameter> to load after the previously listed
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2593 section.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2594 </para></listitem></varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2595 <varlistentry>
68
99ce348b0e6b Fixed error in documentation - linkscripts use "entry" instead of "exec"
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 60
diff changeset
2596 <term>entry <parameter>addr or sym</parameter></term>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2597 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2598 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2599 This will cause the execution address (entry point) to be the address
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2600 specified (in hex) or the specified symbol name. The symbol name must
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2601 match a symbol that is exported by one of the object files being linked.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2602 This has no effect for targets that do not encode the entry point into the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2603 resulting file. If not specified, the entry point is assumed to be address 0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2604 which is probably not what you want. The default link scripts for targets
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2605 that support this directive automatically starts at the beginning of the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2606 first section (usually "init" or "code") that is emitted in the binary.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2607 </para>
533
543b5d1341d2 Add note to manual about numeric entry addresses in scripts
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 518
diff changeset
2608
543b5d1341d2 Add note to manual about numeric entry addresses in scripts
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 518
diff changeset
2609 <para>Note that if you use a numeric value here, you will need to ensure
543b5d1341d2 Add note to manual about numeric entry addresses in scripts
William Astle <lost@l-w.ca>
parents: 518
diff changeset
2610 it starts with a digit. That may mean adding a leading zero.</para>
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2611 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2612 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2613
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2614 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2615 <term>pad <parameter>size</parameter></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2616 <listitem><para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2617 This will cause the output file to be padded with NUL bytes to be exactly
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2618 <parameter>size</parameter> bytes in length. This only makes sense for a raw target.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2619 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2620 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2621 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2622 </variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2623
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2624
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2625
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2626 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2627
152
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2628 <section>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2629 <title>Format Specific Linking Notes</title>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2630
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2631 <para>Some formats require special information to be able to generate actual
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2632 binaries. If the specific format you are interested in is not listed in
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2633 this section, then there is nothing special you need to know about to create
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2634 a final binary.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2635
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2636 <section>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2637 <title>OS9 Modules</title>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2638
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2639 <para>OS9 modules need to embed several items into the module header. These
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2640 items are the type of module, the langauge of the module, the module
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2641 attributes, the module revision number, the data size (bss), and the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2642 execution offset. These are all either calculated or default to reasonable
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2643 values.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2644
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2645 <para>The data size is calcuated as the sum of all sections named "bss" or
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2646 ".bss" in all object files that are linked together.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2647
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2648 <para>The execution offset is calculated from the address of the special
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2649 symbol "__start" which must be an exported (external) symbol in one of the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2650 objects to be linked.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2651
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2652 <para>The type defaults to "Prgrm" or "Program module". The language
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2653 defaults to "Objct" or "6809 object code". Attributes default to enabling
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2654 the re-entrant flag. And finally, the revision defaults to zero.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2655
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2656 <para>The embedded module name is the output filename. If the output
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2657 filename includes more than just the filename, this will probably not be
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2658 what you want.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2659
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2660 <para>The type, language, attributes, revision, and module name can all be
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2661 overridden by providing a special section in exactly one of the object files
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2662 to be linked. This section is called "__os9" (note the two underscores).
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
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parents: 143
diff changeset
2663 To override the type, language, attributes, or revision values, define a
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2664 non-exported symbol in this section called "type", "lang", "attr", or "rev"
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2665 respectively. Any other symbols defined are ignored. To override the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2666 module name, include as the only actual code in the section a NUL terminated
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2667 string (the FCN directive is useful for this). If there is no code in the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2668 section or it beings with a NUL, the default name will be used. Any of the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2669 preceeding that are not defined in the special section will retain their
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2670 default values.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2671
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2672 <para>The built-in link script for OS9 modules will place the following
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2673 sections, in order, in the module: "code", ".text", "data", ".data". It
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2674 will merge all sections with the name "bss" or ".bss" into the "data"
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2675 section. All other section names are ignored. What this means is that you
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2676 must define your data variables in the a section called "bss" or ".bss" even
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2677 though you will be refencing them all as offsets from U. This does have the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2678 unpleasant side effect that all BSS references will end up being 16 bit
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2679 offsets because the assembler cannot know what the offset will be once the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2680 linker is finished its work. Thus, if the tightest possible code is
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2681 required, having LWASM directly output the module is a better choice.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2682
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2683 <para>While the built-in link script is probably sufficient for most
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2684 purposes, you can provide your own script. If you provide a custom link
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2685 script, you must start your code and data sections at location 000D to
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2686 accommodate the module header. Otherwise, you will have an incorrect
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2687 location for the execution offset. You must use the ENTRY directive in the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2688 script to define the entry point for the module.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2689
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2690 <para>It should also be obvious from the above that you cannot mix the bss
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2691 (rmb) definitions with the module code when linking separately. Those
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2692 familiar with typical module creation will probably find this an unpleasant
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2693 difference but it is unavoidable.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2694
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2695 <para>It should also be noted that direct page references should also be
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2696 avoided because you cannot know ahead of time whether the linker is going to
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2697 end up putting a particular variable in the first 256 bytes of the module's
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2698 data space. If, however, you know for certain you will have less than 256
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2699 bytes of defined data space across all of the object files that will be
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2700 linked, you can instead use forced DP addressing for your data addresses
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2701 instead of the ,u notation. When linking with 3rd party libraries, this
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2702 practice should be avoided. Also, when creating libraries, always use the
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2703 offset from U technique.</para>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2704
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2705 </section>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2706
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
lost@l-w.ca
parents: 143
diff changeset
2707 </section>
a26b045c4e18 Added documentation about OS9 module support in lwlink
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parents: 143
diff changeset
2708
0
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2709 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2710
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2711 <chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2712 <title>Libraries and LWAR</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2713
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2714 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2715 LWTOOLS also includes a tool for managing libraries. These are analogous to
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2716 the static libraries created with the "ar" tool on POSIX systems. Each library
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2717 file contains one or more object files. The linker will treat the object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2718 files within a library as though they had been specified individually on
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2719 the command line except when resolving external references. External references
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2720 are looked up first within the object files within the library and then, if
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2721 not found, the usual lookup based on the order the files are specified on
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2722 the command line occurs.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2723 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2724
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2725 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2726 The tool for creating these libary files is called LWAR.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2727 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2728
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2729 <section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2730 <title>Command Line Options</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2731 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2732 The binary for LWAR is called "lwar". Note that the binary is in lower
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2733 case. The options lwar understands are listed below. For archive manipulation
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2734 options, the first non-option argument is the name of the archive. All other
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2735 non-option arguments are the names of files to operate on.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2736 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2737
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2738 <variablelist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2739 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2740 <term><option>--add</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2741 <term><option>-a</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2742 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2743 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2744 This option specifies that an archive is going to have files added to it.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2745 If the archive does not already exist, it is created. New files are added
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2746 to the end of the archive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2747 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2748 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2749 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2750
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2751 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2752 <term><option>--create</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2753 <term><option>-c</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2754 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2755 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2756 This option specifies that an archive is going to be created and have files
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2757 added to it. If the archive already exists, it is truncated.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2758 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2759 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2760 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2761
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2762 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2763 <term><option>--merge</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2764 <term><option>-m</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2765 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2766 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2767 If specified, any files specified to be added to an archive will be checked
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2768 to see if they are archives themselves. If so, their constituent members are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2769 added to the archive. This is useful for avoiding archives containing archives.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2770 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2771 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2772 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2773
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2774 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2775 <term><option>--list</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2776 <term><option>-l</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2777 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2778 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2779 This will display a list of the files contained in the archive.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2780 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2781 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2782 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2783
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2784 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2785 <term><option>--debug</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2786 <term><option>-d</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2787 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2788 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2789 This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2790 developers.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2791 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2792 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2793 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2794
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2795 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2796 <term><option>--help</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2797 <term><option>-?</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2798 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2799 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2800 This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2801 of each.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2802 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2803 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2804 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2805
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2806 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2807 <term><option>--usage</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2808 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2809 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2810 This will display a usage summary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2811 of each command line option.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2812 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2813 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2814 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2815
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2816
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2817 <varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2818 <term><option>--version</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2819 <term><option>-V</option></term>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2820 <listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2821 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2822 This will display the version of LWLINK.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2823 of each.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2824 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2825 </listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2826 </varlistentry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2827
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2828 </section>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2829
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2830 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2831
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2832 <chapter id="objchap">
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2833 <title>Object Files</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2834 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2835 LWTOOLS uses a proprietary object file format. It is proprietary in the sense
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2836 that it is specific to LWTOOLS, not that it is a hidden format. It would be
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2837 hard to keep it hidden in an open source tool chain anyway. This chapter
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2838 documents the object file format.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2839 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2840
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2841 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2842 An object file consists of a series of sections each of which contains a
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2843 list of exported symbols, a list of incomplete references, and a list of
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2844 "local" symbols which may be used in calculating incomplete references. Each
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2845 section will obviously also contain the object code.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2846 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2847
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2848 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2849 Exported symbols must be completely resolved to an address within the
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2850 section it is exported from. That is, an exported symbol must be a constant
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2851 rather than defined in terms of other symbols.</para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2852
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2853 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2854 Each object file starts with a magic number and version number. The magic
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2855 number is the string "LWOBJ16" for this 16 bit object file format. The only
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2856 defined version number is currently 0. Thus, the first 8 bytes of the object
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2857 file are <code>4C574F424A313600</code>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2858 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2859
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2860 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2861 Each section has the following items in order:
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2862 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2863
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2864 <itemizedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2865 <listitem><para>section name</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2866 <listitem><para>flags</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2867 <listitem><para>list of local symbols (and addresses within the section)</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2868 <listitem><para>list of exported symbols (and addresses within the section)</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2869 <listitem><para>list of incomplete references along with the expressions to calculate them</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2870 <listitem><para>the actual object code (for non-BSS sections)</para></listitem>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2871 </itemizedlist>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2872
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2873 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2874 The section starts with the name of the section with a NUL termination
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2875 followed by a series of flag bytes terminated by NUL. There are only two
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2876 flag bytes defined. A NUL (0) indicates no more flags and a value of 1
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2877 indicates the section is a BSS section. For a BSS section, no actual
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2878 code is included in the object file.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2879 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2880
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2881 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2882 Either a NULL section name or end of file indicate the presence of no more
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2883 sections.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2884 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2885
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2886 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2887 Each entry in the exported and local symbols table consists of the symbol
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2888 (NUL terminated) followed by two bytes which contain the value in big endian
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2889 order. The end of a symbol table is indicated by a NULL symbol name.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2890 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2891
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2892 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2893 Each entry in the incomplete references table consists of an expression
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2894 followed by a 16 bit offset where the reference goes. Expressions are
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2895 defined as a series of terms up to an "end of expression" term. Each term
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2896 consists of a single byte which identifies the type of term (see below)
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2897 followed by any data required by the term. Then end of the list is flagged
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2898 by a NULL expression (only an end of expression term).
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2899 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2900
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2901 <table frame="all"><title>Object File Term Types</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2902 <tgroup cols="2">
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2903 <thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2904 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2905 <entry>TERMTYPE</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2906 <entry>Meaning</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2907 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2908 </thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2909 <tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2910 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2911 <entry>00</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2912 <entry>end of expression</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2913 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2914
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2915 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2916 <entry>01</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2917 <entry>integer (16 bit in big endian order follows)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2918 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2919 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2920 <entry>02</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2921 <entry> external symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2922 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2923
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2924 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2925 <entry>03</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2926 <entry>local symbol reference (NUL terminated symbol name follows)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2927 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2928
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2929 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2930 <entry>04</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2931 <entry>operator (1 byte operator number)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2932 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2933 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2934 <entry>05</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2935 <entry>section base address reference</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2936 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2937
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2938 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2939 <entry>FF</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2940 <entry>This term will set flags for the expression. Each one of these terms will set a single flag. All of them should be specified first in an expression. If they are not, the behaviour is undefined. The byte following is the flag. Flag 01 indicates an 8 bit relocation. Flag 02 indicates a zero-width relocation (see the EXTDEP pseudo op in LWASM).</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2941 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2942 </tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2943 </tgroup>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2944 </table>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2945
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2946
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2947 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2948 External references are resolved using other object files while local
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2949 references are resolved using the local symbol table(s) from this file. This
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2950 allows local symbols that are not exported to have the same names as
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2951 exported symbols or external references.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2952 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2953
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2954 <table frame="all"><title>Object File Operator Numbers</title>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2955 <tgroup cols="2">
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2956 <thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2957 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2958 <entry>Number</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2959 <entry>Operator</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2960 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2961 </thead>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2962 <tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2963 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2964 <entry>01</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2965 <entry>addition (+)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2966 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2967 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2968 <entry>02</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2969 <entry>subtraction (-)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2970 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2971 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2972 <entry>03</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2973 <entry>multiplication (*)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2974 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2975 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2976 <entry>04</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2977 <entry>division (/)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2978 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2979 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2980 <entry>05</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2981 <entry>modulus (%)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2982 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2983 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2984 <entry>06</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2985 <entry>integer division (\) (same as division)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2986 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2987
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2988 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2989 <entry>07</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2990 <entry>bitwise and</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2991 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2992
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2993 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2994 <entry>08</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2995 <entry>bitwise or</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2996 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2997
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2998 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
2999 <entry>09</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3000 <entry>bitwise xor</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3001 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3002
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3003 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3004 <entry>0A</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3005 <entry>boolean and</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3006 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3007
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3008 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3009 <entry>0B</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3010 <entry>boolean or</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3011 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3012
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3013 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3014 <entry>0C</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3015 <entry>unary negation, 2's complement (-)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3016 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3017
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3018 <row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3019 <entry>0D</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3020 <entry>unary 1's complement (^)</entry>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3021 </row>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3022 </tbody>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3023 </tgroup>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3024 </table>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3025
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3026 <para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3027 An expression is represented in a postfix manner with both operands for
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3028 binary operators preceding the operator and the single operand for unary
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3029 operators preceding the operator.
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3030 </para>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3031
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3032 </chapter>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3033 </book>
2c24602be78f Initial import from lwtools 3.0.1 version, with new hand built build system and file reorganization
lost@l-w.ca
parents:
diff changeset
3034